Study on Characteristics of Underground Horizontal Electric Field Caused by Lightning Return Stroke Based on FDTD Method

Based on the MTLL lightning return stroke model,a two-dimensional cylindrical finite-difference time-domain( FDTD) model for underground horizontal electric field was established,and the effects of distance from lightning channel,depth,soil electrical conductivity and its distribution,and return stroke current on the characteristics of underground horizontal electric field were analyzed. The results showed that as long as the electrical conductivity of soil existed,the peak of underground horizontal electric field decreased with the increase in the horizontal distance from lightning channel. When the electrical conductivity of the upper soil was much smaller than that of the lower soil,the peak of corresponding horizontal electric field was larger than the electric field peak as the electrical conductivity of the upper soil was larger than that of the lower soil. When the electrical conductivity of the upper soil was less than that of the lower soil,the growth and decay of the horizontal electric field were faster than the growth and decay as the electrical conductivity of the upper soil was larger than that of the lower soil.

Bifurcation mechanism of interfacial electrohydrodynamicgravity-capillary waves near the minimum phase speed under ahorizontal electric field

We investigate the evolution of interfacial gravity-capillary waves propagating along the interface be-tween two dielectric fluids under the action of a horizontal electric field.There is a uniform backgroundflow in each layer,and the relative motion tends to induce Kelvin-Helmholtz(KH)instability.The com-bined effects of gravity,surface tension and electrically induced forces are all taken into account.Underthe short-wave assumption,the expansion and truncation method of Dirichlet-Neumann(DN)operatorsis applied to derive a reduced dynamical model.When KH instability is suppressed linearly by a consider-ably large electric field,our numerical results reveal that in certain regions of parameter space,nonlinearsymmetric traveling wave solutions can be found near the minimum phase speed.Additionally,the de-tailed bifurcation structures are presented together with typical wave profiles.