The metamorphic conditions of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in eastern Changchun, China, were evaluated based on the mineral assemblage, illite crystallinity, illite polytypism,the b dimension of illite, and ...The metamorphic conditions of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in eastern Changchun, China, were evaluated based on the mineral assemblage, illite crystallinity, illite polytypism,the b dimension of illite, and the chemical composition of chlorite. The pelitic rocks in the Yangjiagou Formation are characterized by illite + kaolinite + chlorite ± mixed-layer chlorite/smectite and detrital quartz + plagioclase. Illite in the formation has a crystallinity of 0.38-0.55 and comprises mixed 2 Mand1 Mpolytypes, indicating a metamorphic temperature of >200℃. Based on the chemical composition of chlorite and the chlorite geothermometer, we estimated diagenetic to very low-grade metamorphic conditions with temperatures of 185℃～204℃. The b dimension of illite varies from 8.992 A to 9.005 A.We used a mathematical algorithm to extend Guidotti and Sassi’s(1986) diagram relating illite b dimension with temperature and pressure, and used this diagram, together with illite crystallinity and chlorite chemical composition, to semi-quantitatively estimate the formation pressure at<1.2 kbar. These reveal that the Yangjiagou Formation has experienced very low-grade metamorphism.展开更多
本文通过再现相平衡实验数据和检查热力学活度模型两种手段,对榴辉岩中几种常用的温压计进行了检验,发现榴辉岩中某些常用温压计存在以下问题:(1)在 Eliis and Green(1979)、Powell(1985)、Krogh(1988)和 Ravna(2000)四种石榴石-单斜辉...本文通过再现相平衡实验数据和检查热力学活度模型两种手段,对榴辉岩中几种常用的温压计进行了检验,发现榴辉岩中某些常用温压计存在以下问题:(1)在 Eliis and Green(1979)、Powell(1985)、Krogh(1988)和 Ravna(2000)四种石榴石-单斜辉石温度计中只有 Ravna(2000)的版本能较好的再现相平衡实验数据。(2)将石榴石-单斜辉石温度计应用于含 X_(Jd)>0.55绿辉石的榴辉岩中会出现很大的误差。(3)Green and Hellman(1982)的石榴石-多硅白云母温度计计算的高压含多硅白云母榴辉岩变质温度普遍偏高,但是计算超高压榴辉岩的结果能较好的与 Ravna(2000)的石榴石-单斜辉石温度计计算结果保持一致。(4)Waters and Martin(1993)的石榴石-单斜辉石-多硅白云母压力计、Ravna and Terry(2004)的石榴石-单斜辉石-多硅白云母-蓝晶石-柯石英/石英温压计的精度都受到了 Holland(1990)的单斜辉石活度模型的限制,它们不能适用于绿辉石 X_(Jd)>0.55的榴辉岩,而 Waters and Manin(1996)对 Waters and Martin(1993)的版本做了一个经验校正,弥补了单斜辉石活度模型的缺陷,因此可以适用于绿辉石 X_(Jd)>0.55的榴辉岩。(5)Nakamura and Banno(1997)的石榴石-绿辉石-蓝晶石-柯石英温压计因运用了不恰当的石榴石和铁钙辉石的活度模型,从而使得计算结果与岩相学观察结果不一致。因此,我们建议:对于绿辉石 X_(Jd)<0.55的多硅白云母榴辉岩,可以运用 Waters and Martin(1993)压力计和 Ravna(2000)的温度计联合求解温压;对于含高硬玉组分(X_(Jd)>0.55)绿辉石的超高压多硅白云母榴辉岩,可选用 Waters and Martin(1996)压力计和 Green andHellman(1982)的温度计联合求解温压;对于含有石榴石+绿辉石+蓝晶石+柯石英矿物组合的榴辉岩,在 X_(Jd)<0.55的情况下。可选用 Ravna and Terry(2004)的温压计求解温压。在应用这些温压计时,应注意各温压计的适用温压范围和成分范围,尤其是石榴石 X_(Jd)、Mg~#和绿辉石 X_(Jd)的范围。另外,由于矿物中 Fe^(3+)的含量对温度计算结果影响很大,所以还必须合理地校正所选矿物的 Fe^(3+)。展开更多
Deep mantle processes and the dynamic mechanism of magmatism in the Japan Sea Basin are important processes that have not been studied in detail. In this paper, systematic evaluation of basalt samples from the ocean d...Deep mantle processes and the dynamic mechanism of magmatism in the Japan Sea Basin are important processes that have not been studied in detail. In this paper, systematic evaluation of basalt samples from the ocean drilling program Site 794 in the Japan Sea was performed, which included petrography, whole-rock major- and trace-element analysis, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition, and electron microprobe analysis of plagioclase and clinopyroxene. These basalts belong to the tholeiitic series with porphyritic texture and massive Ca-rich plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and minor olivine phenocrysts. The basalts are characterized as flat rare earth elements and high-field-strength elements with remarkably low ratios of （La/Yb）N （0.75-2.51）, significant positive anomalies of Ba, Sr, and Rb and no Eu anomaly （dEn = 0.99-1.36）. The samples showed relatively high 87Sr/86Sr （0.70425- 0.70522）, 207pb/204pb （15.511-15.610）, and 208pb/204pb （38.064-38.557） values and a low 143Nd/144Nd ratio （0.51271-0.51295）. The basalts from Site 794 can be divided into upper, middle, and lower volcanic rocks （UVR, MVR, and LVR） on the basis of their stratigraphic level. The MVR was geochemically derived from the depleted mantle, whereas the UVR and LVR originated from a nondepleted and relatively enriched mantle source with contributions from subducted Pacific plate fluid and sediments. Use of geothermobarometers indicates that the crystallization pressure for the UVR and LVR （6.25-11.19 kbar） was significantly higher than that of the MVR （3.48-5.84 kbar）. The UVR and LVR may have been derived from the low-degree （5%-10%） partial melting of spinel lherzolite, while the MVR originated from a shallower mantle source with a high degree （10%-20%） of partial melting. In addition, the geochemical characteristics of the samples are consistent with a younger age （13-17 Ma） and the depleted composition of the MVR and an older age （17-23 Ma） and slightly enriched composition of the UVR and LVR. Therefore, temporal changes in the mantle source from old and enriched to young and depleted and subsequently to old and nondepleted may have been associated with progressive lithospheric extension and thinning, as well as at least two episodes of diverse asthenospheric upwelling and pull-apart tectonic motion in the Yamato Basin.展开更多
The equilibrium temperature and pressure of both spinel and garnet peridotite xenolithsfrom eastern China have been estimated by using different geothermobarometers that are currentlyconsidered to be reliable.Based on...The equilibrium temperature and pressure of both spinel and garnet peridotite xenolithsfrom eastern China have been estimated by using different geothermobarometers that are currentlyconsidered to be reliable.Based on these data,the upper mantle geotherm for eastern China has beenconstructed.The obtained geotherm is higher than that for old craton regions,but is similar to that for southeasternAustralia.The most prominent feature of the geotherm is that there is a slight gradient at about 60 kmdepth,and the inflection of the geotherm just passes through the transition line between spinel and garnetfacies.It is likely that the inflection represents the botmdary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.Thestructures of the upper mantle beneath eastern China have also been discussed by combining the results ofpetrologic,rheological and dynamical studies of the upper mantle.展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41172039,41372042)
文摘The metamorphic conditions of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in eastern Changchun, China, were evaluated based on the mineral assemblage, illite crystallinity, illite polytypism,the b dimension of illite, and the chemical composition of chlorite. The pelitic rocks in the Yangjiagou Formation are characterized by illite + kaolinite + chlorite ± mixed-layer chlorite/smectite and detrital quartz + plagioclase. Illite in the formation has a crystallinity of 0.38-0.55 and comprises mixed 2 Mand1 Mpolytypes, indicating a metamorphic temperature of >200℃. Based on the chemical composition of chlorite and the chlorite geothermometer, we estimated diagenetic to very low-grade metamorphic conditions with temperatures of 185℃～204℃. The b dimension of illite varies from 8.992 A to 9.005 A.We used a mathematical algorithm to extend Guidotti and Sassi’s(1986) diagram relating illite b dimension with temperature and pressure, and used this diagram, together with illite crystallinity and chlorite chemical composition, to semi-quantitatively estimate the formation pressure at<1.2 kbar. These reveal that the Yangjiagou Formation has experienced very low-grade metamorphism.
文摘本文通过再现相平衡实验数据和检查热力学活度模型两种手段,对榴辉岩中几种常用的温压计进行了检验,发现榴辉岩中某些常用温压计存在以下问题:(1)在 Eliis and Green(1979)、Powell(1985)、Krogh(1988)和 Ravna(2000)四种石榴石-单斜辉石温度计中只有 Ravna(2000)的版本能较好的再现相平衡实验数据。(2)将石榴石-单斜辉石温度计应用于含 X_(Jd)>0.55绿辉石的榴辉岩中会出现很大的误差。(3)Green and Hellman(1982)的石榴石-多硅白云母温度计计算的高压含多硅白云母榴辉岩变质温度普遍偏高,但是计算超高压榴辉岩的结果能较好的与 Ravna(2000)的石榴石-单斜辉石温度计计算结果保持一致。(4)Waters and Martin(1993)的石榴石-单斜辉石-多硅白云母压力计、Ravna and Terry(2004)的石榴石-单斜辉石-多硅白云母-蓝晶石-柯石英/石英温压计的精度都受到了 Holland(1990)的单斜辉石活度模型的限制,它们不能适用于绿辉石 X_(Jd)>0.55的榴辉岩,而 Waters and Manin(1996)对 Waters and Martin(1993)的版本做了一个经验校正,弥补了单斜辉石活度模型的缺陷,因此可以适用于绿辉石 X_(Jd)>0.55的榴辉岩。(5)Nakamura and Banno(1997)的石榴石-绿辉石-蓝晶石-柯石英温压计因运用了不恰当的石榴石和铁钙辉石的活度模型,从而使得计算结果与岩相学观察结果不一致。因此,我们建议:对于绿辉石 X_(Jd)<0.55的多硅白云母榴辉岩,可以运用 Waters and Martin(1993)压力计和 Ravna(2000)的温度计联合求解温压;对于含高硬玉组分(X_(Jd)>0.55)绿辉石的超高压多硅白云母榴辉岩,可选用 Waters and Martin(1996)压力计和 Green andHellman(1982)的温度计联合求解温压;对于含有石榴石+绿辉石+蓝晶石+柯石英矿物组合的榴辉岩,在 X_(Jd)<0.55的情况下。可选用 Ravna and Terry(2004)的温压计求解温压。在应用这些温压计时,应注意各温压计的适用温压范围和成分范围,尤其是石榴石 X_(Jd)、Mg~#和绿辉石 X_(Jd)的范围。另外,由于矿物中 Fe^(3+)的含量对温度计算结果影响很大,所以还必须合理地校正所选矿物的 Fe^(3+)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant code:41476034,41272369,40802038,41320104006,41302102 and 15CX05007A)
文摘Deep mantle processes and the dynamic mechanism of magmatism in the Japan Sea Basin are important processes that have not been studied in detail. In this paper, systematic evaluation of basalt samples from the ocean drilling program Site 794 in the Japan Sea was performed, which included petrography, whole-rock major- and trace-element analysis, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition, and electron microprobe analysis of plagioclase and clinopyroxene. These basalts belong to the tholeiitic series with porphyritic texture and massive Ca-rich plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and minor olivine phenocrysts. The basalts are characterized as flat rare earth elements and high-field-strength elements with remarkably low ratios of （La/Yb）N （0.75-2.51）, significant positive anomalies of Ba, Sr, and Rb and no Eu anomaly （dEn = 0.99-1.36）. The samples showed relatively high 87Sr/86Sr （0.70425- 0.70522）, 207pb/204pb （15.511-15.610）, and 208pb/204pb （38.064-38.557） values and a low 143Nd/144Nd ratio （0.51271-0.51295）. The basalts from Site 794 can be divided into upper, middle, and lower volcanic rocks （UVR, MVR, and LVR） on the basis of their stratigraphic level. The MVR was geochemically derived from the depleted mantle, whereas the UVR and LVR originated from a nondepleted and relatively enriched mantle source with contributions from subducted Pacific plate fluid and sediments. Use of geothermobarometers indicates that the crystallization pressure for the UVR and LVR （6.25-11.19 kbar） was significantly higher than that of the MVR （3.48-5.84 kbar）. The UVR and LVR may have been derived from the low-degree （5%-10%） partial melting of spinel lherzolite, while the MVR originated from a shallower mantle source with a high degree （10%-20%） of partial melting. In addition, the geochemical characteristics of the samples are consistent with a younger age （13-17 Ma） and the depleted composition of the MVR and an older age （17-23 Ma） and slightly enriched composition of the UVR and LVR. Therefore, temporal changes in the mantle source from old and enriched to young and depleted and subsequently to old and nondepleted may have been associated with progressive lithospheric extension and thinning, as well as at least two episodes of diverse asthenospheric upwelling and pull-apart tectonic motion in the Yamato Basin.
基金the National Natural Scienoe Foundation of ChinaChina-France-Canada cooperation research project+2 种基金the State Seismological Bureau of ChinaInstitute National des Science des Univ.,FranceNational Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada
文摘The equilibrium temperature and pressure of both spinel and garnet peridotite xenolithsfrom eastern China have been estimated by using different geothermobarometers that are currentlyconsidered to be reliable.Based on these data,the upper mantle geotherm for eastern China has beenconstructed.The obtained geotherm is higher than that for old craton regions,but is similar to that for southeasternAustralia.The most prominent feature of the geotherm is that there is a slight gradient at about 60 kmdepth,and the inflection of the geotherm just passes through the transition line between spinel and garnetfacies.It is likely that the inflection represents the botmdary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.Thestructures of the upper mantle beneath eastern China have also been discussed by combining the results ofpetrologic,rheological and dynamical studies of the upper mantle.
