During operating of the X-ray machines, if the protection of X-ray rooms is insufficient, not only the patient but also clinical staffs as well as public are exposed to high X-ray dosage and they are affected from X-r...During operating of the X-ray machines, if the protection of X-ray rooms is insufficient, not only the patient but also clinical staffs as well as public are exposed to high X-ray dosage and they are affected from X-ray related to the dose level. In the present survey, by testing the radiological leakage and scatter from X-rays machines in radiology departments of 7 randomly selected hospitals in Duhok governorate, the effects dose of X-ray to the both control panel area and the patients waiting or visiting area who are located near the radiography room, were measured. The dose was recorded for a range of peak kilovoltage (kVp) and mAs values to find efficiency of shielding materials (barriers) of radiography rooms for different X-rays level. The measurements were performed at one meter above the ground surface which was the same height of X-rays tube by using Gamma Scout dosimeter. From the measurement results, it was seen that the most hospitals barriers (doors and walls) were not appropriate to the standards except 2 hospitals. The maximum effective doses were measured in uncontrolled area of Khazer hospital which was 82.48 ± 0.73 mSv·yr-1 that was much more than the reference dose limits and in controlled area of Haval Banda Zaroka hospital which was 12.98 ± 0.16 mSv·yr-1. In result, the knowledge about the radiation dose affecting the radiologists and public in the selected hospitals was obtained, and by informing the radiologists and the hospitals managements, the necessary regulations would be planned.展开更多
Small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)has been widely used as a microstructure characterization technology.In this work,a fully connected dense forward network is applied to inversely retrieve the mean particle size and p...Small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)has been widely used as a microstructure characterization technology.In this work,a fully connected dense forward network is applied to inversely retrieve the mean particle size and particle distribution from SAXS data of samples dynamically compressed with high-power lasers and probed with X-ray free electron lasers.The trained network allows automatic acquisition of microstructure information,performing well in predictions on single-species nanoparticles on the theoretical model and in situ experimental data.We evaluate our network by comparing it with other methods,revealing its reliability and efficiency in dynamic experiments,which is of great value for in situ characterization of materials under high-power laser-driven dynamic compression.展开更多
文摘During operating of the X-ray machines, if the protection of X-ray rooms is insufficient, not only the patient but also clinical staffs as well as public are exposed to high X-ray dosage and they are affected from X-ray related to the dose level. In the present survey, by testing the radiological leakage and scatter from X-rays machines in radiology departments of 7 randomly selected hospitals in Duhok governorate, the effects dose of X-ray to the both control panel area and the patients waiting or visiting area who are located near the radiography room, were measured. The dose was recorded for a range of peak kilovoltage (kVp) and mAs values to find efficiency of shielding materials (barriers) of radiography rooms for different X-rays level. The measurements were performed at one meter above the ground surface which was the same height of X-rays tube by using Gamma Scout dosimeter. From the measurement results, it was seen that the most hospitals barriers (doors and walls) were not appropriate to the standards except 2 hospitals. The maximum effective doses were measured in uncontrolled area of Khazer hospital which was 82.48 ± 0.73 mSv·yr-1 that was much more than the reference dose limits and in controlled area of Haval Banda Zaroka hospital which was 12.98 ± 0.16 mSv·yr-1. In result, the knowledge about the radiation dose affecting the radiologists and public in the selected hospitals was obtained, and by informing the radiologists and the hospitals managements, the necessary regulations would be planned.
基金supported by the Helmholtz Association under VH-NG-1141 and ERC-RA-0041.Z.H.acknowledgessupport from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12304033the financial support from China Scholarship Council。
文摘Small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)has been widely used as a microstructure characterization technology.In this work,a fully connected dense forward network is applied to inversely retrieve the mean particle size and particle distribution from SAXS data of samples dynamically compressed with high-power lasers and probed with X-ray free electron lasers.The trained network allows automatic acquisition of microstructure information,performing well in predictions on single-species nanoparticles on the theoretical model and in situ experimental data.We evaluate our network by comparing it with other methods,revealing its reliability and efficiency in dynamic experiments,which is of great value for in situ characterization of materials under high-power laser-driven dynamic compression.
