A lot of sound can be heard in a hospital. The Ministry of Environment recommends that noise be kept below 50 dBA during the day and below 40 dBA at night to maintain a calm environment inside a medical facility. Howe...A lot of sound can be heard in a hospital. The Ministry of Environment recommends that noise be kept below 50 dBA during the day and below 40 dBA at night to maintain a calm environment inside a medical facility. However, the noise in general wards typically exceeds these standards;therefore, it is necessary to adjust these sounds to foster patients’ recuperation. We examined whether the noise generated by nurses in a simulated ward changes with walking speed and the presence or absence of luggage. Sounds generated by nurses include footsteps and pass-by sound from objects (e.g., wagon, stretchers, wheelchairs, bedside tables, overhead tables, beds, IV poles.). Walking speed was classified into three types: slow (0.5 m/s), normal (1 m/s), and fast (2 m/s). Sound (dBA) was measured by measuring the pass-by sound generated when moving in a straight distance (four meters) in the corridor of a simulated ward. Objects were also compared for their pass-by sound generated with and without a load. Results revealed that normal and fast walking speeds generated louder sounds than did the slow speed (the volume of slow, normal, and fast speeds were 37.0 dBA, 39.3 dBA, and 38.7 dBA, respectively). The pass-by sound of objects increased in volume in proportion to nurses’ walking speed. The pass-by sound of wagons and stretchers was significantly lower when they had (vs. did not have) a load;however, the reverse was true for wheelchairs carrying patient dummies. The sound of footsteps did not change per walking speed. Decreasing walking speed may thus lead to noise modification. Nurses’ awareness of adjusting their walking speed per object use may prevent noise pollution. This study was conducted to obtain basic data regarding the wards’ sound environment. Future studies should consider the occurrence of the sound in clinical settings.展开更多
探讨和解决了电化学噪声技术在核电环境材料腐蚀损伤检测应用的关键问题,建立了基于零阻电流(ZRA)检测的SCC电化学噪声测试体系。采用小面积的Pt或表面热喷涂陶瓷涂层的工作电极材料作为对电极,研制适用于核电现场检测的多种电化学传感...探讨和解决了电化学噪声技术在核电环境材料腐蚀损伤检测应用的关键问题,建立了基于零阻电流(ZRA)检测的SCC电化学噪声测试体系。采用小面积的Pt或表面热喷涂陶瓷涂层的工作电极材料作为对电极,研制适用于核电现场检测的多种电化学传感器。运用Compact R IO模块化仪器和设计制作的基于ZRA电路的电化学噪声测试模块,实现电位-电流噪声的同步测量和采集。成功研制出便携式核电材料损伤检测系统。应用研制的测试系统和电化学传感器研究了高温高压和动态水环境304不锈钢的电化学噪声谱特征。并初步实现了在役核电站辅助车间不锈钢管道表面直接腐蚀检测和钢厂动力锅炉连续排污管的现场腐蚀检测,取得了比较满意的结果。展开更多
利用Sound Level Meter Tes1351B噪声仪对海南师范大学南校区不同功能区昼间、夜间噪声进行监测,计算了各功能区域监测点等效连续A声级(LAeq)和噪声污染指数(PN).用环境噪声标准评价法和指数评价法分别评价校园环境噪声,分析并找出出现...利用Sound Level Meter Tes1351B噪声仪对海南师范大学南校区不同功能区昼间、夜间噪声进行监测,计算了各功能区域监测点等效连续A声级(LAeq)和噪声污染指数(PN).用环境噪声标准评价法和指数评价法分别评价校园环境噪声,分析并找出出现噪声污染的主要区域.结果表明:海南师范大学南校区校园声环境整体一般,基本能满足老师、学生正常的工作、学习和生活需求;生活区和校界噪声污染比较严重.展开更多
文摘A lot of sound can be heard in a hospital. The Ministry of Environment recommends that noise be kept below 50 dBA during the day and below 40 dBA at night to maintain a calm environment inside a medical facility. However, the noise in general wards typically exceeds these standards;therefore, it is necessary to adjust these sounds to foster patients’ recuperation. We examined whether the noise generated by nurses in a simulated ward changes with walking speed and the presence or absence of luggage. Sounds generated by nurses include footsteps and pass-by sound from objects (e.g., wagon, stretchers, wheelchairs, bedside tables, overhead tables, beds, IV poles.). Walking speed was classified into three types: slow (0.5 m/s), normal (1 m/s), and fast (2 m/s). Sound (dBA) was measured by measuring the pass-by sound generated when moving in a straight distance (four meters) in the corridor of a simulated ward. Objects were also compared for their pass-by sound generated with and without a load. Results revealed that normal and fast walking speeds generated louder sounds than did the slow speed (the volume of slow, normal, and fast speeds were 37.0 dBA, 39.3 dBA, and 38.7 dBA, respectively). The pass-by sound of objects increased in volume in proportion to nurses’ walking speed. The pass-by sound of wagons and stretchers was significantly lower when they had (vs. did not have) a load;however, the reverse was true for wheelchairs carrying patient dummies. The sound of footsteps did not change per walking speed. Decreasing walking speed may thus lead to noise modification. Nurses’ awareness of adjusting their walking speed per object use may prevent noise pollution. This study was conducted to obtain basic data regarding the wards’ sound environment. Future studies should consider the occurrence of the sound in clinical settings.
文摘探讨和解决了电化学噪声技术在核电环境材料腐蚀损伤检测应用的关键问题,建立了基于零阻电流(ZRA)检测的SCC电化学噪声测试体系。采用小面积的Pt或表面热喷涂陶瓷涂层的工作电极材料作为对电极,研制适用于核电现场检测的多种电化学传感器。运用Compact R IO模块化仪器和设计制作的基于ZRA电路的电化学噪声测试模块,实现电位-电流噪声的同步测量和采集。成功研制出便携式核电材料损伤检测系统。应用研制的测试系统和电化学传感器研究了高温高压和动态水环境304不锈钢的电化学噪声谱特征。并初步实现了在役核电站辅助车间不锈钢管道表面直接腐蚀检测和钢厂动力锅炉连续排污管的现场腐蚀检测,取得了比较满意的结果。
文摘利用Sound Level Meter Tes1351B噪声仪对海南师范大学南校区不同功能区昼间、夜间噪声进行监测,计算了各功能区域监测点等效连续A声级(LAeq)和噪声污染指数(PN).用环境噪声标准评价法和指数评价法分别评价校园环境噪声,分析并找出出现噪声污染的主要区域.结果表明:海南师范大学南校区校园声环境整体一般,基本能满足老师、学生正常的工作、学习和生活需求;生活区和校界噪声污染比较严重.
