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Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis
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作者 Dohyung M.Kim Jing Liu +3 位作者 Melanie A.Whitmore Isabel Tobin Zijun Zhao Guolong Zhang 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期1158-1172,共15页
Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain elusive.Deoxycholic acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,... Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain elusive.Deoxycholic acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,have independently been shown to induce host defense peptide(HDP)synthesis.However,the potential synergy between these two compounds remains unexplored.Methods To investigate the possible synergistic effect between DCA and butyrate in regulating HDP synthesis and barrier function,we treated chicken HD11 macrophage cells and jejunal explants with DCA and sodium butyrate(NaB),either individually or in combination,for 24 h.Subsequently,we performed RNA isolation and reverse transcrip-tion-quantitative PCR to analyze HDP genes as well as the major genes associated with barrier function.To further determine the synergy between DCA and NaB in enhancing NE resistance,we conducted two independent trials with Cobb broiler chicks.In each trial,the diet was supplemented with DCA or NaB on the day-of-hatch,followed by NE induction through sequential challenges with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens on d 10 and 14,respectively.We recorded animal mortality after infection and assessed intestinal lesions on d 17.The impact of DCA and NaB on the microbiota in the ileum and cecum was evaluated through bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results We found that the combination of DCA and NaB synergistically induced multiple HDP genes in both chicken HD11 cells and jejunal explants.Additionally,the gene for claudin-1,a major tight junction protein,also exhibited synergistic induction in response to DCA and NaB.Furthermore,dietary supplementation with a combination of 0.75 g/kg DCA and 1 g/kg NaB led to a significant improvement in animal survival and a reduction in intestinal lesions compared to either compound alone in a chicken model of NE.Notably,the cecal microbiota of NE-infected chickens showed a marked decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,and Cuneatibacter,with lactobacilli becoming the most dominant species.However,supplementation with DCA and NaB largely restored the intestinal microbiota to healthy levels.Conclusions DCA synergizes with NaB to induce HDP and claudin-1 expression and enhance NE resistance,with potential for further development as cost-effective antibiotic alternatives. 展开更多
关键词 Bile acids host defense peptides METABOLITES MICROBIOME Necrotic enteritis Short-chain fatty acids
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Driving inward growth of lithium metal in hollow microcapsule hosts by heteroatom‐controlled nucleation
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作者 Siwon Kim Hong Rim Shin +2 位作者 Ki Jae Kim Min‐Sik Park Jong‐Won Lee 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期262-272,共11页
The application of Li metal anodes in rechargeable batteries is impeded by safety issues arising from the severe volume changes and formation of dendritic Li deposits.Three‐dimensional hollow carbon is receiving incr... The application of Li metal anodes in rechargeable batteries is impeded by safety issues arising from the severe volume changes and formation of dendritic Li deposits.Three‐dimensional hollow carbon is receiving increasing attention as a host material capable of accommodating Li metal inside its cavity;however,uncontrollable and nonuniform deposition of Li remains a challenge.In this study,we synthesize metal–organic framework‐derived carbon microcapsules with heteroatom clusters(Zn and Ag)on the capsule walls and it is demonstrated that Ag‐assisted nucleation of Li metal alters the outward‐to‐inward growth in the microcapsule host.Zn‐incorporated microcapsules are prepared via chemical etching of zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 polyhedra and are subsequently decorated with Ag by a galvanic displacement reaction between Ag^(+) and metallic Zn.Galvanically introduced Ag significantly reduces the energy barrier and increases the reaction rate for Li nucleation in the microcapsule host upon Li plating.Through combined electrochemical,microstructural,and computational studies,we verify the beneficial role of Ag‐assisted Li nucleation in facilitating inward growth inside the cavity of the microcapsule host and,in turn,enhancing electrochemical performance.This study provides new insights into the design of reversible host materials for practical Li metal batteries. 展开更多
关键词 hollow carbon hosts lithium metal batteries lithium plating metal-organic frameworks NUCLEATION
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Hatching and development of maize cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infecting different plant hosts
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作者 Jiangkuan Cui Haohao Ren +5 位作者 BoWang Fujie Chang Xuehai Zhang Haoguang Meng Shijun Jiang Jihua Tang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第5期1593-1603,共11页
The occurrence, distribution, and rapid molecular detection technology of Heterodera zeae Koshy et al. 1971, have been reported in China. We explored the biological characteristics of H. zeae sampled in Henan Province... The occurrence, distribution, and rapid molecular detection technology of Heterodera zeae Koshy et al. 1971, have been reported in China. We explored the biological characteristics of H. zeae sampled in Henan Province, China to understand its interaction with plants. Cysts and second-stage juveniles(J2s) were identified under an optical and scanning electron microscope, internal transcribed spacer(ITS) phylogenetic tree, and sequence characterized amplified region(SCAR)-PCR analyses. The optimum hatching temperatures of H. zeae were 30°C and 28°C, with cumulative hatching rates of 16.5 and 16.1%, respectively, at 30 days post-hatching(dph). The hatching rate of H. zeae eggs was improved by 20-and 50-time maize soil leachate and root juice, and 10-time root exudates. The hatching rate in 10-time root exudates was the highest(25.9%). The 10-time root exudates of maize and millet produced the highest hatching rate at 30 dph(25.9 and 22.9%, respectively), followed by wheat(19.9%), barley(18.3%), and rice(17.6%). Heterodera zeae developed faster in maize than in other crops. Fourth-stage juveniles(J4s) were detected in maize roots 8 days post-inoculation(dpi) at 28°C but not in other crops. Combined with hatching tests, the Huang–Huai–Hai summer maize region and the south and central-southwest mountainous maize areas are highly suitable for H. zeae in China. This is the first systematically study of the hatching and infection characteristics on different plant hosts of corn cyst nematode H. zeae in temperate regions. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the rapid spread and high environmental adaptability of corn cyst nematode. 展开更多
关键词 crop host resistance Heterodera zeae incubation fluid maize cyst nematode nematode development nematodehatching
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Stable immobilization of lithium polysulfides using three-dimensional ordered mesoporous Mn_(2)O_(3) as the host material in lithium-sulfur batteries
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作者 Sung Joon Park Yun Jeong Choi +6 位作者 Hyun-seung Kim Min Joo Hong Hongjun Chang Janghyuk Moon Young-Jun Kim Junyoung Mun Ki Jae Kim 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期99-112,共14页
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have drawn significant attention owing to their high theoretical discharge capacity and energy density.However,the dissolution of long-chain polysulfides into the electrolyte during the c... Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have drawn significant attention owing to their high theoretical discharge capacity and energy density.However,the dissolution of long-chain polysulfides into the electrolyte during the charge and discharge process(“shuttle effect”)results in fast capacity fading and inferior electrochemical performance.In this study,Mn_(2)O_(3)with an ordered mesoporous structure(OM-Mn_(2)O_(3))was designed as a cathode host for LSBs via KIT-6 hard templating,to effectively inhibit the polysulfide shuttle effect.OM-Mn_(2)O_(3)offers numerous pores to confine sulfur and tightly anchor the dissolved polysulfides through the combined effects of strong polar-polar interactions,polysulfides,and sulfur chain catenation.The OM-Mn_(2)O_(3)/S composite electrode delivered a discharge capacity of 561 mAh g^(-1) after 250 cycles at 0.5 C owing to the excellent performance of OM-Mn_(2)O_(3).Furthermore,it retained a discharge capacity of 628mA h g^(-1) even at a rate of 2 C,which was significantly higher than that of a pristine sulfur electrode(206mA h g^(-1)).These findings provide a prospective strategy for designing cathode materials for high-performance LSBs. 展开更多
关键词 host material lithium-sulfur battery ordered mesoporous structure shuttle effect transition-metal oxides
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In-situ-selective-UV crosslinking fabrication of solid liquid host guest electrolyte: A facile one-step method realizing highly flexible electrochromic device
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作者 Changwei Tan Zishou Hu +5 位作者 Zhiyi Guo Zheng Cui Ling Bai Xinzhou Wu Chenchao Huang Wenming Su 《Nano Research》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第11期9712-9720,共9页
Flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs) are promising candidates for the next generation of wearable electronics due to their low operating voltage and energy consumption. For the flexible electrochromic devices, the ... Flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs) are promising candidates for the next generation of wearable electronics due to their low operating voltage and energy consumption. For the flexible electrochromic devices, the electrolyte is an important component. Typically, the electrolyte needs to be formulated according to the device structure and usage scenario. A high-performance electrolyte involves consideration of many factors, including choosing the right polymer, solvent, curing agent, and ion type to satisfy particular device specifications. In this work, a ultraviolet-curable solid–liquid host–guest (UV-SLHG) electrolyte is developed. Several aspects of performance are improved by introducing the solid–liquid coexisting microstructure without changing the electrolyte formulation, including excellent adhesion, a 30% increase in tensile characteristics, and a seven-fold increase in ionic conductivity when compared to a fully cured solid-state electrolyte. More importantly, the unique advantage of SLHG electrolytes lies that the thickness will not change significantly during bending. The FECD made by using the UV-SLHG-based electrolyte sustained 10,000 bending cycles at the bending radius of 2.5 mm while maintaining outstanding optical modulation. A wearable ring-type ECD and a battery-free FECD wine label were made as demonstrators. The UV-SLHG strategy is not only suitable for the FECDs but also universally applicable to other electrolyte-based of flexible electronics such as flexible capacitors and batteries. 展开更多
关键词 ELECTROLYTE one-step method solid–liquid-state host guest highly flexible electrochromic devices
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Turnip mosaic virus pathogenesis and host resistance mechanisms in Brassica
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作者 Guanwei Wu Xinxin Fang +2 位作者 Tianqi Yu Jianping Chen Fei Yan 《Horticultural Plant Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期947-960,共14页
Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)is a devastating potyvirus pathogen that infects a wide variety of both cultivated and wild Brassicaceae plants.We urgently need more information and understanding of TuMV pathogenesis and the... Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)is a devastating potyvirus pathogen that infects a wide variety of both cultivated and wild Brassicaceae plants.We urgently need more information and understanding of TuMV pathogenesis and the host responses involved in disease development in cruciferous crops.TuMV displays great versatility in viral pathogenesis,especially in its replication and intercellular movement.Moreover,in the coevolutionary arms races between TuMV and its hosts,the virus has evolved to co-opt host factors to facilitate its infection and counter host defense responses.This review mainly focuses on recent advances in understanding the viral factors that contribute to the TuMV infection cycle and the host resistance mechanism in Brassica.Finally,we propose some future research directions on TuMV pathogenesis and control strategies to design durable TuMV-resistant Brassica crops. 展开更多
关键词 Turnip mosaic virus BRASSICA Resistance genes host factors Infection biology
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Understanding host-graft crosstalk for predicting the outcome of stem cell transplantation
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作者 Luminita Labusca Florin Zugun-Eloae 《World Journal of Stem Cells》 SCIE 2024年第3期232-236,共5页
Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)hold great promise for tissue regeneration in debilitating disorders.Despite reported improvements,the short-term outcomes of MSC transplantation,which is possibly linked to poor cell su... Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)hold great promise for tissue regeneration in debilitating disorders.Despite reported improvements,the short-term outcomes of MSC transplantation,which is possibly linked to poor cell survival,demand extensive investigation.Disease-associated stress microenvironments further complicate outcomes.This debate underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the phenotypes of transplanted MSCs and their environment-induced fluctuations.Additionally,questions arise about how to predict,track,and comprehend cell fate post-transplantation.In vivo cellular imaging has emerged as a critical requirement for both short-and long-term safety and efficacy studies.However,translating preclinical imaging methods to clinical settings remains challenging.The fate and function of transplanted cells within the host environment present intricate challenges,including MSC engraftment,variability,and inconsistencies between preclinical and clinical data.The study explored the impact of high glucose concentrations on MSC survival in diabetic environments,emphasizing mitochondrial factors.Preserving these factors may enhance MSC survival,suggesting potential strategies involving genetic modification,biomaterials,and nanoparticles.Understanding stressors in diabetic patients is crucial for predicting the effects of MSC-based therapies.These multifaceted challenges call for a holistic approach involving the incorporation of large-scale data,computational disease modeling,and possibly artificial intelligence to enable deterministic insights. 展开更多
关键词 Mesenchymal stem cells PHENOTYPE Transplantation host MICROENVIRONMENT Cellular imaging Diabetes mellitus
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Roles of host proteases in the entry of SARS-CoV-2
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作者 Alexandria Zabiegalal Yunjeong Kim Kyeong-Ok Chang 《Animal Diseases》 CAS 2024年第1期27-39,共13页
The spike protein(S)of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry,thus a major factor for host suscep-tibility,tissue tropism,virulence and pathogenicity.The S is divided with S1 and S2 region,and the S1... The spike protein(S)of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry,thus a major factor for host suscep-tibility,tissue tropism,virulence and pathogenicity.The S is divided with S1 and S2 region,and the S1 contains the receptor-binding domain(RBD),while the S2 contains the hydrophobic fusion domain for the entry into the host cell.Numerous host proteases have been implicated in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S through various c leavage sites.In this article,we review host proteases including furin,trypsin,transmembrane protease serine 2(TMPRSS2)and cathepsins in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S.Many betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 have polybasic residues at the S1/S2 site which is subjected to the cleavage by furin.The S1/S2 cleavage facilitates more assessable RBD to the receptor ACE2,and the binding triggers further conformational changes and exposure of the S2'site to proteases such as type Il transmembrane serine proteases(TTPRs)including TMPRSS2.In the presence of TMPRSS2 on the target cells,SARS-CoV-2 can utilize a direct entry route by fusion of the viral envelope to the cellular membrane.In the absence of TMPRSS2,SARS-CoV-2 enter target cells via endosomes where multiple cathepsins cleave the S for the successful entry.Additional host proteases involved in the cleavage of the S were discussed.This article also includes roles of 3C-like protease inhibitors which have inhibitory activity against cathepsin L in the entry of SARS-CoV-2,and discussed the dual roles of such inhibitors in virus replication. 展开更多
关键词 SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein(S) host proteases Cleavage site Virus entry
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Stabilizing lithium deposition within bimodal porous SiO_(2)-TiO_(2) microspheres as 3D host structure
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作者 Noeul Kim Jae Hun Choi +2 位作者 Min Kim Dae Soo Jung Yun Chan Kang 《Nano Research》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第11期10179-10188,共10页
Three-dimensional (3D) host materials for lithium metal anodes (LMAs) have gained attention because they can mitigate volume expansion and local current density through their large surface area and suppress the dendri... Three-dimensional (3D) host materials for lithium metal anodes (LMAs) have gained attention because they can mitigate volume expansion and local current density through their large surface area and suppress the dendritic growth of lithium. Recent research on 3D host materials has focused on conductive materials;however, the benefits of 3D host materials cannot be fully utilized because lithium deposition begins at the top of the structure. Herein, we fabricate SiO_(2)-TiO_(2) composite microspheres with bimodal pore structures (bi-SiTiO) by simple spray pyrolysis. These microspheres effectively store lithium within the structure from the bottom of the electrode while preventing lithium dendrite formation. Focused ion beam-scanning transmission electron microscopy (FIB-STEM) analysis reveals that the lithiophilic properties of composite microspheres enhanced their effectiveness in storing lithium, with small pores acting as “lithium-ion sieves” for a uniform lithium-ion flux and large pores that provide sufficient volume for lithium deposition. The bi-SiTiO composite microspheres exhibit a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.5% over 200 cycles at 2.0 mA·cm^(−2) when operated in a lithium half-cell. With a high lithium loading of 5.0 mAh·cm^(−2), the symmetrical cell of the bi-SiTiO electrode sustains more than 900 h. A full cell coupled with an LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) (NCM811) cathode also exhibits enhanced electrochemical properties in terms of cycling stability and rate capability. 展开更多
关键词 lithium metal battery spray pyrolysis three-dimensional(3D)host materials bimodal pore structure lithiophilic materials
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Robust Malicious Executable Detection Using Host-Based Machine Learning Classifier
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作者 Khaled Soliman Mohamed Sobh Ayman M.Bahaa-Eldin 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第4期1419-1439,共21页
The continuous development of cyberattacks is threatening digital transformation endeavors worldwide and leadsto wide losses for various organizations. These dangers have proven that signature-based approaches are ins... The continuous development of cyberattacks is threatening digital transformation endeavors worldwide and leadsto wide losses for various organizations. These dangers have proven that signature-based approaches are insufficientto prevent emerging and polymorphic attacks. Therefore, this paper is proposing a Robust Malicious ExecutableDetection (RMED) using Host-based Machine Learning Classifier to discover malicious Portable Executable (PE)files in hosts using Windows operating systems through collecting PE headers and applying machine learningmechanisms to detect unknown infected files. The authors have collected a novel reliable dataset containing 116,031benign files and 179,071 malware samples from diverse sources to ensure the efficiency of RMED approach.The most effective PE headers that can highly differentiate between benign and malware files were selected totrain the model on 15 PE features to speed up the classification process and achieve real-time detection formalicious executables. The evaluation results showed that RMED succeeded in shrinking the classification timeto 91 milliseconds for each file while reaching an accuracy of 98.42% with a false positive rate equal to 1.58. Inconclusion, this paper contributes to the field of cybersecurity by presenting a comprehensive framework thatleverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods to proactively detect and prevent cyber-attacks. 展开更多
关键词 Portable executable MALWARE intrusion detection CYBERSECURITY zero-day threats host IntrusionDetection System(HIDS) machine learning Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System(AIDS) deep learning
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Molecular mechanisms underlying roles of long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 in digestive system cancers
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作者 Ting-Fang Yang Xin-Rui Li Mo-Wei Kong 《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology》 SCIE 2024年第11期4300-4308,共9页
This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 16(SNHG16)in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in dige... This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 16(SNHG16)in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in digestive system tumors.The first study,by Zhao et al,explored how hBD-1 affects colon cancer,via the lncRNA TCONS_00014506,by inhibiting mTOR and promoting autophagy.The second one,by Li et al,identified the lncRNA prion protein testis specific(PRNT)as a factor in oxaliplatin resistance by sponging ZNF184 to regulate HIPK2 and influence colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance,suggesting PRNT as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.Both of these two articles discuss the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the development and progression of digestive system cancers.As a recent research hotspot,SNHG16 is a typical lncRNA that has been extensively studied for its association with digestive system cancers.The prevailing hypothesis is that SNHG16 participates in the development and progression of digestive system tumors by acting as a competing endogenous RNA,interacting with other proteins,regulating various genes,and affecting downstream target molecules.This review systematically examines the recently reported biological functions,related molecular mechanisms,and potential clinical significance of SNHG16 in various digestive system cancers,and explores the relationship between SNHG16 and digestive system cancers.The findings suggest that SNHG16 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human digestive system cancers. 展开更多
关键词 Digestive system cancers Long non-coding RNAs Small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 Colon cancer
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基于HOST标准的硬件管理平台设计与实现
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作者 文敏华 沈梦雨 赵洋洋 《航空计算技术》 2024年第3期117-120,共4页
基于HOST标准的硬件管理平台设计,从硬件管理平台的硬件架构设计、管理总线的选型分析、模块管理器设计、软件设计策略等方面介绍了设计方案。此外,对管理总线的选型进行对比分析和测试,针对目前嵌入式计算机环境,CAN总线优于其他总线... 基于HOST标准的硬件管理平台设计,从硬件管理平台的硬件架构设计、管理总线的选型分析、模块管理器设计、软件设计策略等方面介绍了设计方案。此外,对管理总线的选型进行对比分析和测试,针对目前嵌入式计算机环境,CAN总线优于其他总线来实现硬件管理。设计方案可有效解决嵌入式计算机的复杂性不断增加带来的可靠性、稳定性、维护性等问题,利用机箱管理器、模块管理器、系统管理总线等机制,可有效实现嵌入式计算机的健康信息监控、硬件状态管理、故障管理等功能。 展开更多
关键词 host标准 硬件系统管理 嵌入式计算机 整机级管理器
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Targeted Deposition in a Lithiophilic Silver-Modified 3D Cu Host for Lithium-Metal Anodes 被引量:2
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作者 Weiyi Chen Shaopeng Li +2 位作者 Chenhui Wang Hui Dou Xiaogang Zhang 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第5期355-363,共9页
Lithium-metal batteries are regarded as the"Holy Grail"of next-generation batteries.However,lithium dendrite and anode volume expansion in cycles seriously hinders lithium-metal battery applications.Herein,w... Lithium-metal batteries are regarded as the"Holy Grail"of next-generation batteries.However,lithium dendrite and anode volume expansion in cycles seriously hinders lithium-metal battery applications.Herein,we propose a precise and efficient strategy for stabilizing lithium-metal batteries via a lithiophilic Ag-modified Cu current host(Li@CuM/Ag).By applying the magnetron sputtering method,the lithiophilic silver layer can be anchored homogeneously on the Cu mesh.The lithiophilic silver layer effectively guides uniform Li deposition in the 3D host and realizes spatial control over Li nucleation.In addition,a dendrite-free lithium anode is successfully realized,which has been proven by in situ optical dynamic tests and Li deposition simulations.The symmetrical cell can maintain a low overpotential(230 mV)and long cycle life(90 h)at a large current of 10 mA cm^(-2)for a plating amount of 3 mAh cm^(-2).Furthermore,Li@CuM/Ag||LiCoO2 cells exhibited a high-capacity retention rate(86.39%)after 150 cycles at 2 C.Lithiophilic hosts based on magnetron sputtering provide a feasible strategy for applications of lithium-metal batteries. 展开更多
关键词 lithiophilic modification lithium-metal battery lithium-metal host magnetron sputtering targeted deposition
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Multi‑omics reveals that the host‑microbiome metabolism crosstalk of differential rumen bacterial enterotypes can regulate the milk protein synthesis of dairy cows 被引量:2
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作者 Chenguang Zhang Mengya Wang +8 位作者 Huifeng Liu Xingwei Jiang Xiaodong Chen Tao Liu Qingyan Yin Yue Wang Lu Deng Junhu Yao Shengru Wu 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第6期2496-2513,共18页
Background Dairy cows’lactation performance is the outcome of the crosstalk between ruminal microbial metabo-lism and host metabolism.However,it is still unclear to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolite... Background Dairy cows’lactation performance is the outcome of the crosstalk between ruminal microbial metabo-lism and host metabolism.However,it is still unclear to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolites,as well as the host metabolism,contribute to regulating the milk protein yield(MPY).Methods The rumen fluid,serum and milk of 12 Holstein cows with the same diet(45%coarseness ratio),parity(2–3 fetuses)and lactation days(120–150 d)were used for the microbiome and metabolome analysis.Rumen metabolism(rumen metabolome)and host metabolism(blood and milk metabolome)were connected using a weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA)and the structural equation model(SEM)analyses.Results Two different ruminal enterotypes,with abundant Prevotella and Ruminococcus,were identified as type1 and type2.Of these,a higher MPY was found in cows with ruminal type2.Interestingly,[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae(the differential bacteria)were the hub genera of the network.In addition,differential ruminal,serum and milk metabolome between enterotypes were identified,where the cows with type2 had higher L-tyrosine of rumen,ornithine and L-tryptophan of serum,and tetrahydroneopterin,palmitoyl-L-carnitine,S-lactoylglutathione of milk,which could provide more energy and substrate for MPY.Further,based on the identi-fied modules of ruminal microbiome,as well as ruminal serum and milk metabolome using WGCNA,the SEM analysis indicated that the key ruminal microbial module1,which contains the hub genera of the network([Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae)and high abundance of bacteria(Prevotella and Ruminococcus),could regulate the MPY by module7 of rumen,module2 of blood,and module7 of milk,which contained L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Therefore,in order to more clearly reveal the process of rumen bacterial regulation of MPY,we established the path of SEM based on the L-tyrosine,L-tryptophan and related components.The SEM based on the metabolites suggested that[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group could inhibit the energy supply of serum tryptophan to MPY by milk S-lactoylglutathione,which could enhance pyruvate metabolism.Norank_f_Ruminococcaceae could increase the ruminal L-tyrosine,which could provide the substrate for MPY.Conclusion Our results indicated that the represented enterotype genera of Prevotella and Ruminococcus,and the hub genera of[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae could regulate milk protein synthesis by affecting the ruminal L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Moreover,the combined analysis of enterotype,WGCNA and SEM could be used to connect rumen microbial metabolism with host metabolism,which provides a fundamental understanding of the crosstalk between host and microorganisms in regulating the synthesis of milk composition. 展开更多
关键词 Dairy cows Microbial and host metabolome Milk protein Ruminal microbiota enterotype Structural equation model Weighted gene co-expression network
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The dual antimicrobial and immunomodulatory roles of host defense peptides and their applications in animal production 被引量:1
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作者 Di Wu Linglong Fu +1 位作者 Weizhang Wen Na Dong 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第2期501-514,共14页
Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by mod... Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by modulating their immune responses.Due to these dual roles,HDPs have been considered one of the most promising antibiotic substitutes to improve growth performance,intestinal health,and immunity in farm animals.This review describes the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory roles of host defense peptides and their recent applications in animal production. 展开更多
关键词 Antimicrobials host defense peptides IMMUNOMODULATION POULTRY RUMINANTS SWINE
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Petrochemical eigenvalues and diagrams for the identification of metamorphic rocks'protolith,taking the host rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit in China as an example 被引量:1
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作者 Jianzhao Yin Shoupu Xiang +2 位作者 Yuhong Chao Yuhan Yin Hongyun Shi 《Acta Geochimica》 EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期103-124,共22页
The Dashuigou tellurium deposit is the world’s only known independent tellurium deposit.By restoring metamorphic rocks’protolith,we seek to understand not only the development and evolution trajectory of the region ... The Dashuigou tellurium deposit is the world’s only known independent tellurium deposit.By restoring metamorphic rocks’protolith,we seek to understand not only the development and evolution trajectory of the region but also the origin of the relevant deposits.While there are many ways to restore metamorphic rocks’protolith,we take the host metamorphic rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit and leverage various petrochemical eigenvalues and related diagrams previously proposed to reveal the deposit’s host metamorphic rocks’protolith.The petrochemical eigenvalues include molecular number,Niggli’s value,REE parity ratio,CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)ratio,Fe^(3+) /(Fe^(3+) -+Fe^(2+) )ratio,chondrite-normalized REE value,logarithmic REE value,various REE eigenvalues including scandium,Eu/Sm ratio,total REE amount,light and heavy REEs,δEu,Eu anomaly,Sm/Nd ratio,and silicon isotope δ^(30) SiNBS-29‰,etc.The petrochemical plots include ACMs,100 mg-c-(al+alk),SiO_(2)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),(al+fm)-(c+alk)versus Si,FeO+Fe_(2)O^(3+) TiO)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO,c-mg,Al_(2)O_(3)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),chondrite-normalized REE model,La/Yb-REE,and Sm/Nd ratio,etc.On the basis of these comprehensive analyses,the following conclusions are drawn,starting from the many mantle-derived types of basalt developed in the study area of different geological ages,combined with the previously published research results on the deposit s fluid inclusions and sulfur and lead isotopes.The deposit is formed by mantle degassing in the form of a mantle plume in the late Yanshanian orogeny.The degassed fluids are rich in nano-sc ale substances including Fe,Te,S,As,Bi,Au,Se,H_(2),CO_(2),N_(2),H_(2)O,and CH_(4),which are enriched by nano-effect,and then rise to a certain part of the crust in the form of mantle plume along the lithospheric fault to form the deposit.The ultimate power for tellurium mineralization was from H_(2)flow with high energy,which was produced through radiation from the melted iron of the Earth’s outer core.The H,flow results in the Earth’s degassing,as well as the mantle and crust’s uplift. 展开更多
关键词 Petrochemical diagrams and eigenvalue PROTOLITH Metamorphic rock Independent tellurium deposit host rock The mantle plume
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lncRNA HOST2在上皮性卵巢癌中的研究进展
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作者 李勃含 师婕 《内蒙古医学杂志》 2023年第6期686-689,共4页
卵巢癌是妇科中常见的一类恶性肿瘤,其病死率在妇女生殖系统恶性肿瘤中居首位。长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一种长度大于200个核苷酸序列的不存在蛋白编码阅读框、无法被翻译成特定蛋白质的非编码区RNA。研究表明,lncRNA是许多生物进程的... 卵巢癌是妇科中常见的一类恶性肿瘤,其病死率在妇女生殖系统恶性肿瘤中居首位。长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一种长度大于200个核苷酸序列的不存在蛋白编码阅读框、无法被翻译成特定蛋白质的非编码区RNA。研究表明,lncRNA是许多生物进程的重要调节因素,并主导着包括癌症在内的许多疾病的发生和进展。随着研究的深入,人类卵巢癌特异性转录组因子2(HOST2)已经被证实可以通过多种途径在上皮性卵巢癌中发挥作用。现对近年来国内外关于HOST2在上皮性卵巢癌诊断及治疗中的研究和进展作一综述。 展开更多
关键词 卵巢癌 长链非编码RNA host2
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Host niche, genotype, and field location shape the diversity and composition of the soybean microbiome
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作者 YANG Hong-jun YE Wen-wu +6 位作者 YU Ze SHEN Wei-liang LI Su-zhen WANG Xing CHEN Jia-jia WANG Yuan-chao ZHENG Xiao-bo 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第8期2412-2425,共14页
Plant-associated microbes represent a key determinant of plant fitness through acquiring nutrients,promoting growth,and resisting to abiotic and biotic stresses.However,an extensive characterization of the bacterial a... Plant-associated microbes represent a key determinant of plant fitness through acquiring nutrients,promoting growth,and resisting to abiotic and biotic stresses.However,an extensive characterization of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes present in different plant compartments of soybean in field conditions has remained elusive.In this study,we investigated the effects of four niches(roots,stems,leaves,and pods),four genotypes(Andou 203,Hedou 12,Sanning 16,and Zhonghuang 13),and three field locations(Jining,Suzhou,and Xuzhou)on the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in soybean using 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA amplicon sequencing,respectively.The soybean microbiome significantly differed across organs.Host genotypes explained more variation in stem bacterial community composition and leaf fungal community composition.Field location significantly affected the composition of bacterial communities in all compartments and the effects were stronger in the root and stem than in the leaf and pod,whereas field location explained more variation in stem and leaf fungal community composition than in the root and pod.The relative abundances of potential soybean fungal pathogens also differed among host organs and genotypes,reflecting the niches of these microbes in the host and probably their compatibility to the host genotypes.Systematic profiling of the microbiome composition and diversity will aid the development of plant protection technologies to benefit soybean health. 展开更多
关键词 MICROBIOME SOYBEAN plant pathogen endophytes host niche GENOTYPE field location
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UV/Vis-based process analytical technology to improve monoclonal antibody and host cell protein separation
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作者 Yu Kiat Lin Yan-Na Sun +3 位作者 Yu Fan Hui Yi Leong Dong-Qiang Lin Shan-Jing Yao 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期230-235,共6页
Process analytical technology(PAT) is gaining more interest in the biomanufacturing industry because of its potential to improve operational control and compliance through real-time quality assurance.Currently, biopha... Process analytical technology(PAT) is gaining more interest in the biomanufacturing industry because of its potential to improve operational control and compliance through real-time quality assurance.Currently, biopharmaceutical producers mainly monitor chromatographic processes with ultraviolet/visible(UV/Vis) absorbance. However, this measurement has a very limited correlation with purity and quantity. The current study aims to determine the concentration of monoclonal antibody(mAb) and host cell proteins(HCPs) using a build-in UV/Vis monitoring during Protein A affinity chromatography and to optimize the separation conditions for high purity of mAb and minimizing the HCPs content. The eluate was analyzed through in-line UV/Vis at 280 and 410 nm, representing mAb and HCPs concentration,respectively. Each 0.1 column volume(CV) fraction of UV/Vis chromatogram peak area were calculated,and different separation conditions were then compared. The optimum conditions of mAb separation were found as 12 CV loading, elution at pH 3.5, and starting the collection at 0.5 CV point, resulting in high m Ab recovery of 95.92% and additional removal of 49.98% of HCP comparing with whole elution pool. This study concluded that UV/Vis-based in-line monitoring at 280 and 410 nm showed a high potential to optimize and real-time control Protein A affinity chromatography for mAb purification from HCPs. 展开更多
关键词 Affinity chromatography host cell protein Monoclonal antibody Process analytical technology SPECTROSCOPY
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Recent Advances in Carbon-Based Current Col lectors/Hosts for Alkali Metal Anodes
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作者 Guanyao Wang Chan Song +1 位作者 Jiaqi Huang Ho Seok Park 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第5期112-141,共30页
The urgent demand for high-energy-density storage systems evokes the research upsurge on the alkali metal batteries with high theoretical capacities.However,the utilization of alkali metal anodes,including Li,Na,and K... The urgent demand for high-energy-density storage systems evokes the research upsurge on the alkali metal batteries with high theoretical capacities.However,the utilization of alkali metal anodes,including Li,Na,and K,is significantly hindered by notorious dendrite growth,undesirable corrosion,and unstable solid electrolyte interface.In order to resolve these issues,the carbon materials for the rational design of current collector/host that can regulate the plating/stripping behavior of alkali metal have been exploited.These carbon-based current collectors/hosts are featured with many pivotal advantages,including mechanical integrity to accommodate the volume change,superior electronic/ionic conductivity,large available surface area,and rich functionalization chemistries to increase the affinity to alkali metal.In this review,the recent progress on various dimensional carbon-based current collectors/hosts with different chemical components in stabilizing the alkali metal anodes through the regulation of initial deposition and subsequent growth behavior during plating/stripping process is provided.The nanostructured carbon scaffolds with self-affinity to alkali metals,as well as the carbon frameworks with internal/external affinitive sites to alkali metals,catalogued by various dimensions,are discussed in this review.Therefore,these appealing strategies based on the carbon-based current collectors/hosts can provide a paradigm for the realization of high-energy-density alkali metal batteries. 展开更多
关键词 carbon-based materials current collectors energy density hostS metal anodes
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