Evolution of plasticized MnO–Al2O3–SiO2-based nonmetallic inclusion in 18wt%Cr-8wt% Ni stainless steel and its properties during soaking process

The properties of MnO–Al2O3–SiO2-based plasticized inclusion are likely to change during soaking process due to its low melting point. In this study, the evolution of the MnO–Al2O3–SiO2-based inclusion of 18 wt%Cr-8 wt%Ni stainless steel under isothermal soaking process at 1250°C for different times was investigated by laboratory-scale experiments and thermodynamic analysis. The results showed that the inclusion population density increased at the first stage and then decreased while their average size first decreased and then increased. In addition, almost no Cr2O3-concentrated regions existed within the inclusion before soaking, but more and more Cr2O3 precipitates were formed during soaking. Furthermore, the plasticity of the inclusion deteriorated due to a decrease in the amount of liquid phase and an increase in the high-melting-pointphase MnO–Cr2O3 spinel after the soaking process. In-situ observations by high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) confirmed that liquid phases were produced in the inclusions and the inclusions grew rather quickly during the soaking process. Both the experimental results and thermodynamic analysis conclude that there are three routes for inclusion evolution during the soaking process. In particular, Ostwald ripening plays an important role in the inclusion evolution, i.e., MnO–Al2O3–SiO2-based inclusions grow by absorbing the newly precipitated smaller-size MnO–Cr2O3 inclusions.

Magma Evolution Processes in the Southern Okinawa Trough:Insights from Melt Inclusions

The Okinawa Trough is an initial back-arc basin that is influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate and develops on the continental crust.The Okinawa Trough is a natural laboratory for the study of basin evolution,magmatism,and crustmantle processes in the early stage of back-arc spreading.Melt inclusions are small droplets of magma that are captured during the mineral crystallization process and can record the geochemical composition changes during magma evolution.In this study,the geochemical compositions of melt inclusions in host plagioclases of two volcanic rock samples at Station nos.9-1 and 9-2 from the southern Okinawa Trough are systematically analyzed.Based on previous studies,the origin and evolution of magma and the introduction of subducting materials in the study area are discussed.Results show that melt inclusions are characterized by the relative enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements,depletion of high-field-strength elements,and slight enrichment of rare earth elements.Indeed,the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate introduced sediment-derived melts and fluids into the magma source area of the southern Okinawa Trough.Subsequently,4%to 5%partial melting of the hydrated mantle produces basaltic magma.The melt inclusions of andesite and dacite investigated in this study were formed by fractional crystallization of basaltic magma.Finally,the crystallization of plagioclase,pyroxene,and magnetite occurred during the late stage of magma evolution.The temperature-pressure data show that the melt inclusions in plagioclase have two capture periods:one is at temperatures above 1250℃and the other is at temperatures between 1180℃and 1200℃.The capture pressure of the inclusions at temperatures between 1180℃and 1200℃is between 5.6 kPa and 6.1 kPa,corresponding to the depth of 15–17 km below the seafloor.The geochemical characteristics of major and trace elements in inclusions show that the samples from two stations(i.e.,9-1 and 9-2)have similar or identical magma source areas.However,the crystallization differentiation reflected by inclusions in sample 9-1 is more obvious than that in sample 9-2.The inclusions were captured during magma evolution and were not contaminated by crustal materials.

Fluid Evolution and Ore-forming Processes of the Jiama Cu Deposit, Tibet： Evidence from Fluid Inclusions

The Jiama deposit is a large copper deposit in Tibet. Mineralization occurs in three different host rocks: skarn, hornfels and porphyry. A detailed fluid inclusion study was conducted for veins in the different host rocks to investigate the relationship between fluid evolution and ore-forming processes. Based on examination of cores from 36 drill holes, three types of veins(A, B and D) were identified in the porphyries, four types(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ andⅣ) in the skarn, and three(a, b and c) in the hornfels. The crosscutting relationships of the veins and that of the host rocks suggest two hydrothermal stages, one early and one late stage. Fluid inclusions indicate that the Jiama hydrothermal fluid system underwent at least two episodes of fluid boiling. The first boiling event occurred during the early hydrothermal stage, as recorded by fluid inclusions hosted in type A veins in the porphyries, type a veins in the hornfels, and wollastonite in the skarns. This fluid boiling event was associated with relatively weak mineralization. The second boiling event occurred in the late hydrothermal stage, as determined from fluid inclusions hosted in type B and D veins in the porphyries, type Ⅰ to Ⅳ veins in the skarns, and type b and c veins in the hornfels. This late boiling event, together with mixing with meteoric water, was responsible for more than 90% of the metal accumulation in the deposit. The first boiling only occurred in the central part of the deposit and the second boiling event took place across an entire interlayered structural zone between hornfels and marble. A spatial zoning of ore-elements is evident, and appears to be related to different migration pathways and precipitation temperatures of Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Au and Ag.

Metallogenic Processes:Evidencesfrom Zoning Patterns of Mineralization and alteration and fluid inclusion geochemistryin the Lehong Zn-Pb Deposit in Northeastern Yunnan, China

1 Introduction The large clusters of Zn-Pb deposits in northeastern Yunnan,located in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,are an important part of the Sichuan-YunnanGuizhou Pb-Zn Poly-metallic Metallogenic Triangle

ULTRASONIC SEPARATION OF MICRO-SIZED INCLUSIONS IN MOLTEN METAL

The coagulation time and position of micro-sized non-metallic inclusions in molten metal during ultrasonic separation process were investigated, and the motion course of micro-sized non-metallic inclusions in an ultrasonic standing wave field was nu- merwally simulated. The results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the movement of inclusions depends on the balance between the acoustic radiation force, effective buoyancy force and viscous drag force. It is presented that micro-sized inclusions, agglomerated at antinode-planes may be removed further with horizontal ultrasound.

Modeling study on fluid flow and inclusion motion in 6-strand bloom caster tundishes

The behavior of fluid flow and particle motion in a 6-strand bloom caster tundish was investigated by a water model and numerical simulation. Compared with a device without flow control, the tundish with flow control has an important effect on the fluid flow pattern and inclusion removal. It is revealed that by non-isothermal process, which is real production condition, the fluid flow in tundish shows a strong buoyancy pattem, which drives particles to move upwards. The particle removal was quantitatively studied by mathematical and physical simulations.

Studies on Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex by Fluorescence Anisotropy

An equation for determining the equilibrium association constant (KA) of cyclodextrin inclusion complex with fluorescence anisotropy is derived and used to determine KA of pyrene-B-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. The existing forms of cyclodextrin inclusion complex in solution, the interaction type of host with guest, and the possibility of application of B-cyclodextrin in the analysis of metal ions using naphthalene derivative as a ligand are discussed based on the equation derived along with the curve of fluorescence anisotropy versus cyclodextrin concentration of guest/cyclodextrin system.

不同碱度渣对42CrMoS4钢中硫化物的影响

为研究不同精炼工艺对齿圈钢42CrMoS4钢中硫化物的影响,从钢中硫化物的形态与分布着手,在精炼工序设计两种不同的碱度渣和钙含量工艺,试验生产4炉。对比分析铸坯和轧材中不同双层结构复合硫化物特征与硫化物形成机理。结果表明,LF造高碱度渣(R=6.5~7.2)进RH后不进行钙处理,铸坯1/4厚度位置复合硫化物整体成块状形貌,核心内部氧化物同样也成规则的块状,轧材内部氧化物主要以CaO为主,外围硫化物主要是高CaS比例的(Ca,Mn)S,基本不变形,A类细系夹杂物级别为2.0~3.0级;在LF造弱碱度渣(R=3.6~4.2)进RH后进行二次钙处理,将w[Ca]由0.001 4%左右提升至0.002 5%~0.003 2%,铸坯1/4厚度位置复合硫化物整体成椭球状形貌,核心内部氧化物同样也成规则的球状,轧材内部氧化物为较低CaO比例的钙镁铝酸盐,外围硫化物主要是低CaS比例的(Ca,Mn)S,硫化物成纺锤状,具有很好的变形能力,A类细系夹杂物级别控制在2.0级以内。

基于AHP-熵权法与Box-Behnken优化陈皮挥发油提取及包合工艺

目的:筛选陈皮挥发油最佳提取、包合工艺。方法:运用Box-Behnken响应面设计法优化陈皮挥发油提取工艺;采用层次分析法(AHP)-熵权法和L 9(34)正交实验,以羟丙基-β-环糊精与挥发油的比例、包合温度、包合时间为影响因素,以含油率、包合物得率和包合率为评价指标,优选陈皮挥发油最佳包合工艺。结果:挥发油最佳提取工艺为液料比为10∶1、浸泡时间为1.5 h、提取时间为4 h。挥发油最佳包合工艺为羟丙基-β-环糊精与挥发油的比例为6∶1,包合温度30℃,搅拌时间为1 h。结论:优化得到的陈皮挥发油提取及包合工艺,稳定可靠,能够为工业化生产提供依据。

高硅钢不同脱氧工艺下精炼渣系控制

针对“转炉→RH精炼→连铸”工艺流程生产的高硅钢精炼渣精准控制的难题,借助FactSage7.2商业热力学计算软件,计算了两种不同脱氧工艺下合理的精炼渣系控制范围。采用A脱氧工艺(铝脱氧硅合金化工艺)时,合理精炼渣系控制范围为氧化钙含量为53%~55%,二氧化硅含量在15%~18%,三氧化二铝含量为25%~30%,氧化镁含量为3%~5%,碱度为3~5;采用B脱氧工艺(硅脱氧铝合金化工艺)时,合理的精炼渣系的主要成分范围为:氧化钙含量为53%~56%,二氧化硅含量为12%~17%,三氧化二铝含量为25%~30%,氧化镁含量为3%~5%,碱度为3~4.5。采用工业两种对不同脱氧工艺精炼渣系吸附夹杂能力进行分析,结果表明B脱氧工艺下夹杂物数量、尺寸分布方面均优于A脱氧工艺。

生成式人工智能及其教育应用的基本争议和对策

本文是对联合国教科文组织《生成式人工智能教育与研究应用指南》的系列解读第二篇,着重讨论生成式人工智能及其教育应用引发的基本争议。“基于工作过程”技术缺陷,生成式人工智能已引发加速数据贫穷、技术不透明导致服务辖区内治理缺失、未经许可搜集训练用数据、模型架构不可解释、基础模型不理解真实世界、生成的信息污染互联网、强势价值观投射、助长违法性深伪等多重争议。生成式人工智能会对平等、包容、学习主体能动性、价值观及语言文化多样性、知识建构的多元性等教育核心价值产生直接而深远的冲击,而这些核心价值应被秉承为考证生成式人工智能教育适用性的逻辑基点。决策者和实践者应遵循“优先管制、确保包容、引导应用”的逻辑路径,强化全系统监管法规和执法能力,确保教育生成式人工智能生态系统安全可信、自主可控、本地适用,进而通过能力建设和实践指导等措施引导合理的教育应用实践。

人参皂苷Re与5种环糊精主客体包合过程研究

目的考察人参皂苷Re与阿尔法环糊精、贝塔环糊精、伽马环糊精、羟丙基贝塔环糊精、羟丙基伽马环糊精的主客体包合过程。方法下载5种环糊精结构,采用双层ONIOM[B3LYP/6-31G(d):PM3]方法模拟包合过程,Materials studio软件进行分子动力学模拟(MD),分析分子间作用力,饱和水溶液法测定人参皂苷Re溶解度。结果不同环糊精均可与人参皂苷Re自发反应生成包合物,最优构象均为从环糊精的大口端伸向小口端。人参皂苷Re能贯穿于贝塔环糊精、伽马环糊精空腔中,而其他3种环糊精只能将该成分部分包合,并且包合过程均为自发的吸热反应,包合能力依次为伽马环糊精>贝塔环糊精>羟丙基伽马环糊精>羟丙基贝塔环糊精>阿尔法环糊精。范德华力是主要驱动力,大于氢键与疏水作用力。人参皂苷Re在37℃下的溶解度高于25℃下,伽马环糊精对该成分溶解性最强,可增加至9.59~11.18倍。结论伽马环糊精是人参皂苷Re最理想的包合材料。本实验明确了主客体分子的包合分子机制,能为该类超分子药物的定量构效关系探讨提供理论依据与实验参考。

扶正辟邪颗粒挥发油提取及包合工艺研究

目的:优化扶正辟邪颗粒挥发油提取及包合工艺。方法:采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交设计试验,以挥发油得油率为指标,优选挥发油提取工艺;以包合物收率和挥发油包合率为指标,优选挥发油β-环糊精包合工艺。结果:最佳挥发油提取工艺为10倍量的水,浸泡0.5 h,提取4.5 h,3次验证试验平均挥发油得油率为(0.91±0.01)%;最佳挥发油包合工艺为β-环糊精与挥发油比例为10:1,包合温度40℃,包合3 h,3次验证试验平均包合物收率为(84.48±0.75)%,平均挥发油包合率为(90.69±0.79)%。结论:扶正辟邪颗粒挥发油最佳提取工艺及最佳包合工艺设计合理、结果稳定,适宜于工业生产。

Cleanliness of Ti-bearing Al-killed ultra-low-carbon steel during different heating processes

During the production of Ti-bearing Al-killed ultra-low-carbon(ULC) steel, two different heating processes were used when the converter tapping temperature or the molten steel temperature in the Ruhrstahl–Heraeus(RH) process was low: heating by Al addition during the RH decarburization process and final deoxidation at the end of the RH decarburization process(process-Ⅰ), and increasing the oxygen content at the end of RH decarburization, heating and final deoxidation by one-time Al addition(process-Ⅱ). Temperature increases of 10°C by different processes were studied; the results showed that the two heating processes could achieve the same heating effect. The T.[O] content in the slab and the refining process was better controlled by process-Ⅰ than by process-Ⅱ. Statistical analysis of inclusions showed that the numbers of inclusions in the slab obtained by process-Ⅰ were substantially less than those in the slab obtained by process-Ⅱ. For process-Ⅰ, the Al_2O_3 inclusions produced by Al added to induce heating were substantially removed at the end of decarburization. The amounts of inclusions were substantially greater for process-Ⅱ than for process-Ⅰ at different refining stages because of the higher dissolved oxygen concentration in process-Ⅱ. Industrial test results showed that process-Ⅰ was more beneficial for improving the cleanliness of molten steel.

Marine spatio-temporal process semantics and its applications-taking the El Nio Southern Oscilation process and Chinese rainfall anomaly as an example

Spatio-temporal semantics based on "object views" or "event views" has few abilities to represent and model the continuity and gradual oceanic phenomena or objects,which seriously limits the specific marine applications and knowledge discovery and data mining,so this paper proposes a hierarchical abstraction semantics with "marine spatio-temporal process → life span phases → evolution sequences → state units" and process objects included by level with "marine process objects → phase objects → sequence object → state objects" with the oceanic process characteristics into the marine process semantics.In addition,this paper designs the storage and representation of marine process objects using the backus normal forms (BNF) and abstract data type (ADT).Base on El Nin o Southern Oscilation (ENSO) index and Chinese rain gauging station data,this paper also gives a case of study.The spatio-temporal analysis between ENSO process and Chinese rainfall anomalies shows that the marine spatio-temporal semantics not only can illustrate the spatial distribution of Chinese rainfall anomalies in different time scales at ENSO process,life span phases and state units,but also analyze the dynamic changes of Chinese rainfall anomalies in different life span phases or state units within ENSO evolution.

Characteristics of Pegmatite-Related Fluids and Significance to Ore-Forming Processes in the Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Sb Polymetallic Deposit,Tibet,China

The Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Sb polymetallic deposit is one of the most important deposits in the newly recognized southern Tibet antimony-gold metallogenic belt.Compared to the porphyry deposits in the Gangdese belt,much less researches have addressed these deposits,and the genesis of the Zhaxikang deposit is still controversial.Based on field investigation,petrographic,microthermometric,Laser Raman Microprobe(LRM) and SEM/EDS analyses of fluid,melt-fluid,melt and solid inclusions in quartz and beryl from pegmatite,this paper documents the characteristics and the evolution of primary magmatic fluid which was genetically related to greisenization,pegmatitization,and silification in the area.The results show that the primary magmatic fluids were derived from unmixing between melt and fluid and underwent a phase separation process soon after the exsolution.The primary magmatic fluids are of low salinity,high temperature,and can be approximated by the H_2O-NaCl-CO_2 system.The presence of Mn-Fe carbonate in melt-fluid inclusions and a Zn-bearing mineral(gahnite) trapped in beryl and in inclusions from pegmatite indicates high Mn,Fe,and Zn concentrations in the parent magma and magmatic fluids,and implies a genetic link between pegmatite and Pb-Zn-Sb mineralization.High B and F concentrations in the parent magma largely lower the solidus of the magma and lead to late fluid exsolution,thus the primary magmatic fluids related to pegmatite have much lower temperature than those in most porphyry systems.Boiling of the primary magmatic fluids leads to high-salinity and high-temperature fluids which have high capacity to transport Pb,Zn and Sb.The decrease in temperature and mixing with fluids from other sources may have caused the precipitation of Pb-Zn-Sn(Au) minerals in the distal fault systems surrounding the causative intrusion.

An Analysis of Metaphor Comprehension Process from Psycholinguistic Perspective

This paper aims to present some issues about metaphor comprehension process mainly from psycholinguistic point of view.By discussing these issues,more information about the nature of metaphor comprehension can be learnt.

商用飞机起落架用单真空300M钢疲劳性能控制现状及展望

根据国内商用飞机起落架用300M钢研究和生产现状,介绍了国内单真空300M钢生产工艺以及疲劳性能控制现状,分析了国产单真空300M钢疲劳强度与抗拉强度、断裂韧性的对应关系,以及疲劳起裂过程中非金属夹杂物种类、喷丸强化作用等,展望了国内商用起落架300M钢未来市场潜力及大尺寸、高性能的绿色发展方向。通过研制攻关,国内形成了商用飞机起落架300M钢单真空冶炼技术,抚顺特钢和宝武特冶已建立了单真空300M钢生产体系且具备批量供货能力。研制生产过程中还需重点关注材料的批次稳定性、纯净度及疲劳性能,加强生产过程控制,持续优化熔炼和锻造工艺,降低能耗及成本,积累数据并完善材料标准体系,同时研制Φ1080 mm及更大锭型的单真空300M钢,在质量、标准、成本及认证等方面与国际全面接轨。

真空精炼过程底吹氩气工艺对风电钢中大颗粒夹杂物的影响

为提高Q345D风电钢VD精炼过程大尺寸夹杂物的去除效率,展开了VD底吹工艺优化试验研究。在VD真空处理前,方案1即VD精炼高真空的前10 min底吹单孔流量400 L/min、后5 min单孔流量250 L/min条件下,钢中夹杂物主要为高Al 2 O 3含量的钙铝酸盐,而优化方案2~3即VD精炼高真空的前10 min底吹单孔流量500 L/min、后5 min单孔流量150~100 L/min条件下钢中夹杂物平均成分为更低熔点钙铝酸盐;VD处理后钢中夹杂物均为低熔点夹杂物。方案1中VD精炼过程大于10μm和大于15μm的夹杂物平均尺寸分别增加66.24%和62.32%;方案2中大于10μm和大于15μm的夹杂物的平均尺寸分别增加23.40%和33.39%,尤其夹杂物数密度仅分别增加16.33%和28.57%。这充分说明了VD精炼过程高真空的前10 min强搅拌、后5 min中强搅拌的工艺有利于对大颗粒夹杂物的去除,同时减小卷渣概率。

锂铍络合物稳定性与花岗伟晶岩中锂铍“差异跃迁”耦合关联

伟晶岩型锂铍矿床是国家紧缺的战略性金属锂铍的重要供给矿床类型。但伟晶岩成因中深熔作用产生熔体量少、萃取锂铍效率低;岩浆结晶分异能否高度富集和高效萃取锂铍也存在争议;随着富锂铍的硅酸盐熔体、熔体-热液不混溶作用的发现,岩浆不混溶作用可能也是新的成因机制。近年来,针对伟晶岩型锂铍矿床的熔体至热液阶段成矿过程的研究主要集中在:花岗伟晶岩全岩地球化学特征解析;造岩矿物(云母、石英、长石等)与矿石矿物(绿柱石等)的精细微区元素地球化学变化规律的总结;造岩矿物、矿石矿物及副矿物(石榴石等)中熔体-热液包裹体矿物学-地球化学特征解析。但伟晶岩矿床中熔体、流体包裹体类型复杂,且与矿床形成时代也没有明显关联性。锂铍在熔体-热液相间的分配行为和分配过程,以及运移锂铍的络合物稳定性差异是深入认识锂铍超常富集机制的关键。然而,对锂铍在熔体-热液相间分配行为的研究仍然相对薄弱,针对运移锂铍的络合物的稳定性也未开展研究。我们设计了不同矿化溶液的pH值、不同钙和铝含量影响下锂铍络合物结晶锂铍的实验,发现锂铍元素在以上3种不同条件下存在明显的差异性结晶沉淀行为:(1)pH对铍络合物的稳定性控制比锂络合物更明显;(2)在pH值不变的条件下,铝的加入促进了铍的沉淀,却影响锂的沉淀;(3)钙的加入对锂沉淀的影响没有对铍沉淀的影响大。后续将从实验地球化学角度(高温高压实验模拟)剖析锂铍各自络合物的类型、稳定性受控因素,以期建立“锂、铍络合物失稳-成矿”新机制。