Foreign direct investment （FDI） has great function to the growth of the economy in various countries. The beneficial policies of the foreign capitals are the main means to various countries to absorb FDI. Utilizing ...Foreign direct investment （FDI） has great function to the growth of the economy in various countries. The beneficial policies of the foreign capitals are the main means to various countries to absorb FDI. Utilizing this means appropriately and designing beneficial policies, which can make the host country get the maximized revenue of utilizing FDI, are the key to absorb FDI effectively. In this paper, we set up a game model between the level of the host country＇s beneficial policies and the scale of FDI, and analyze what the key factors that influence the level of host country＇s beneficial policies are and how to decide the level of beneficial policies according to these key factors.展开更多
This review article covers some of the founding literature that helps develop our understandingof the National Innovation System (NIS) concept. Subsequently, several versionsof NIS, including system-functional approac...This review article covers some of the founding literature that helps develop our understandingof the National Innovation System (NIS) concept. Subsequently, several versionsof NIS, including system-functional approaches, are discussed and compared with narrowresearch and development (R&D) and market-based approaches. Finally, the article contendsthat the system-functional and other narrow approaches are limited in application tothe developing low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, it makes a case for moreinclusive absorptive capacity approaches and explains how they might be more relevant ininvestigating the NIS of an LMIC. Such approaches suggest LMICs be strategic in buildingtheir innovation base and plead for strong local conditions (capacities)to produceknowledge as well as capture and improvise on incoming knowledge from abroad. Theresearch is important as it provides insights into analyzing and capturing innovationprocesses in LMICs, which are prime candidates for development and innovation studiesandpractice.展开更多
The (Y,Gd)BO 3∶Eu phosphor was synthesized by solid state reaction. The UV spectra showed that in a certain range of Gd 3+ concentration, more Gd 3+ absorbed energy and transferred it to Eu 3+ with its increasing con...The (Y,Gd)BO 3∶Eu phosphor was synthesized by solid state reaction. The UV spectra showed that in a certain range of Gd 3+ concentration, more Gd 3+ absorbed energy and transferred it to Eu 3+ with its increasing concentration. From the spectra in VUV region, it was observed that both the doping and the concentrations of Gd 3+ , Eu 3+ greatly affected the absorption of the host lattice. The absorbances at 147 nm and 170 nm increased when the Gd 3+ was doped which can be explained as that Gd 3+ transferred energy to BO 4. The optical properties of (Y,Gd)BO 3∶Eu were the best when the concentration of Eu 3+ was about 0.04.展开更多
文摘Foreign direct investment （FDI） has great function to the growth of the economy in various countries. The beneficial policies of the foreign capitals are the main means to various countries to absorb FDI. Utilizing this means appropriately and designing beneficial policies, which can make the host country get the maximized revenue of utilizing FDI, are the key to absorb FDI effectively. In this paper, we set up a game model between the level of the host country＇s beneficial policies and the scale of FDI, and analyze what the key factors that influence the level of host country＇s beneficial policies are and how to decide the level of beneficial policies according to these key factors.
文摘This review article covers some of the founding literature that helps develop our understandingof the National Innovation System (NIS) concept. Subsequently, several versionsof NIS, including system-functional approaches, are discussed and compared with narrowresearch and development (R&D) and market-based approaches. Finally, the article contendsthat the system-functional and other narrow approaches are limited in application tothe developing low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, it makes a case for moreinclusive absorptive capacity approaches and explains how they might be more relevant ininvestigating the NIS of an LMIC. Such approaches suggest LMICs be strategic in buildingtheir innovation base and plead for strong local conditions (capacities)to produceknowledge as well as capture and improvise on incoming knowledge from abroad. Theresearch is important as it provides insights into analyzing and capturing innovationprocesses in LMICs, which are prime candidates for development and innovation studiesandpractice.
文摘The (Y,Gd)BO 3∶Eu phosphor was synthesized by solid state reaction. The UV spectra showed that in a certain range of Gd 3+ concentration, more Gd 3+ absorbed energy and transferred it to Eu 3+ with its increasing concentration. From the spectra in VUV region, it was observed that both the doping and the concentrations of Gd 3+ , Eu 3+ greatly affected the absorption of the host lattice. The absorbances at 147 nm and 170 nm increased when the Gd 3+ was doped which can be explained as that Gd 3+ transferred energy to BO 4. The optical properties of (Y,Gd)BO 3∶Eu were the best when the concentration of Eu 3+ was about 0.04.
