Analysis on the Essential Characters and Biological Yield Change of Purple-fleshed Sweetpotato Xuzishu 3

Objective] This study was performed to investigate the trait changes and their correlations as wel as the dynamic changes of biological yield of Xuzishu 3, which wil help to enhance the yield and anthocyanin content of sweetpotato by cul-tivation. [Method] We systematical y measured the agronomic traits, qualitative char-acters and biological yield of Xuzishu 3 during six growing periods to investigate the dynamic changes of its essential characters and yield accumulation. [Result] The characters of Xuzishu 3 appeared most prosperous after the 90th d except for an-thocyanin content. Extremely significant positive correlations were found between ev-ery two of the dry matter rates of above-ground parts （including leaf petioles, leaves and stems）, reducing sugar content and potato weight per plant. Assimilated product distributed more in stems and leaves than in storage roots before the 90th d in growing period. Photosynthetic capacity and net assimilation rate gradual y de-creased after the 90th d, but the assimilated product distributing to storage roots in-creased quickly and maximized in the 135th d. [Conclusion] Xuzishu 3 is a late ma-turing variety requiring more fertilizer, and the accumulation of anthocyanin fluctuates during the growth period of Xuzishu 3. So yield of Xuzishu 3 can be increased by applying more fertilizer and extending the growth period reasonably, meanwhile the anthocyanin content can be increased by means of control ing temperature, light, water and phytohormone within 60 d after planting.

Study on Biological Characters of Asparagus macowanii Baker.

Asparagus macowanfi Baker, is a climbing herbaceous foliage species in genus Asparagus of Liliaceae, This paper summarized its multiple uses, morphologi- cal characteristics, biological habit, reproduction methods, management after cultiva- tion, prevention and control of pests and disease, as well as harvest and grading, with the objective to provide references for the exploitation and utilization of As- paragus macowanii Baker.

Comparison of biological characteristics of marrow mesenchymal stem cells in hepatitis B patients and normal adults

AIM: To establish a culture system of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)from hepatitis B patients and normal adults and to compare their biological characteristics. METHODS: MSCs were isolated from bone marrow in 34 male hepatitis B patients and 15 male normal adults and cultivated in vitro. Their biological characteristics including surface markers, shapes and appearances, growth curves, first passage time and passage generations were compared. RESULTS: Cultivation achievement ratio of hepatitis B patients was lower than that of normal adults, no statistical significance (82.35% vs 100%, P > 0.05). Compared with MSCs of normal adults, MSCs of hepatitis B patients presented a statistical lower growth curve, longer first passage time (13.0 ± 1.6 d vs 11.4 ± 1.5 d, P < 0.05), fewer passaging generation numbers (10.5 ± 1.4 generations vs 12.3 ± 1.7 generations, P < 0.05), though both shared same appearances, shapes and surface markers. MSCs in hepatitis B patients would expand, spread out and age more easily and there were more refractive particles in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: MSCs from hepatitis B patients can be cultured in vitro. Although their appearance, shape and surface marker are similar to those of MSCs from normal adults, there are differences in their biological characteristics.

Study on biological characters of SGC7901 gastric cancer cell-dendritic cell fusion vaccines

AIM： To detect the biological characters of the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell-dendritic cell fusion vaccines.METHODS： The suspending living SGC7901 gastric cancer cells and dendritic cells were induced to be fusioned by polyethylene glycol. Pure fusion cells were obtained by selective culture with the HAT/HT culture systems. The fusion cells were counted at different time points of culture and their growth curves were drawn to reflect their proliferative activities. The fusion cells were also cultured in culture medium to investigate whether they could grow into cell clones. MTT method was used to test the stimulating abilities of the fusion cells on T lymphocytes＇ proliferations. Moreover, the fusion cells were planted into nude mice to observe whether they could grow into new planted tumors in this kind of immunodeficiency animals.RESULTS： The fusion cells had weaker proliferative activity and clone abilities than their parental cells. When they were cultured, the counts of cells did not increase remarkably, nor could they grow into cell clones in culture medium. The fusion cells could not grow into new planted tumors after planted into nude mice. The stimulating abilities of the fusion cells on T lymphocytes＇ proliferations were remarkably increased than their parental dendritic cells. CONCLUSION： The SGC7901 gastric cancer cell-dendritic cell fusion vaccines have much weaker proliferative abilities than their parental cells, but they keep strong abilities to irritate the T lymphocytes and have no abilities to grow into new planted tumors in immunodeficiency animals. These are the biological basis for their antitumor biotherapies.

AN OBSERVATION STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF DAHURIAN CASEBEARER(COLEOPHORA DAHURICA FLKV.)ADULTS

Through rearing tests and observations under laboratory conditions, biological characters and mating behavior of Dahurian casebearer (Coleophora dahurica Flkv.) adults were studied in this paper. Results discovered that the time of emergense of male adults was 24h to 36h earlier than that of female adults. The peak of sex pheromone secretion of the female adults appeared of 24h to 42h after the emergence. The reaction of male adults on the sex pheromone was most sensitive during 30h to 48h after emerged, so the earlier emergence of the male adults was favorable to mating. The phenomenon of repeated mating did not exist in female adults, but the male adults could mate for several times, with maximum of 4 times. There was a definite behavioral reaction during the mating period of male and female adults, and the certain period of feeding and mating times could affect the adults longervity to a certain degree.

Observation of Biological Character of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen on Cherry and Screening of Its Insecticides

Indoor rearing observation and efficacy test of insecticides were conducted in 2010 to understand the biochemical characteristics of Drosophila rnelano-gaster and high efficient insecticides against the insect pest. The results showed that D. melanogaster had preference to eight kinds of fruits with proliferation. Fe-male adults of D. melanogaster laid eggs under epidermis of cherry fruits and newly hatched larvae caused damage on fruits. When the temperatures were （ 18 ±2） ℃ and （ 23 ± 2 ） ℃, the egg stage was 2.4 - 3.0 and 1.2 - 1.8 d ; the larval stage was 11.2 - 12.2 and 5.6 - 6.5 d; the papal stage was 9.5 - 10.6 and 5.0 - 6.2 d ; one generation was 23.1 - 25.4 and 12.8 - 14.2 d, respectively. Four insecticides （ including 1% emamectin benzoate EC 3 000 times dilution, 90% crys- tal trichlorfon 1 000 times dilution, 40% phoxim EC 1 500 times dilution and 25% buprofezin WP 2 000 times dilution） had higher control effects against D. mela-nogaster, with mortalities of 85.00% - 100.00%, 96.67% - 100.00% and 100.00% after insecticide application for 1, 3 and 6 h, respectively.

Comparative Study on Biological and Commercial Characteristics of Multiple Varieties of Broccoli(Brassica oleracea L.var.italica Plenck)and Vegetable Soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select vegetable soybean varieties(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)that are suitable for local cultivation and meet export requirements.[Methods]Through continuous years of comparative experiments on broccoli and vegetable soybean varieties,detailed biological characteristic and economic quality data of multiple varieties were obtained.[Results]Vegetable soybean variety Taiwan 75-3 had very prominent early-maturing trait,the highest quality(qualification rate),and higher yield than the control check(CK);and the early-maturing trait of vegetable soybean variety Kaohsiung 9 was also prominent,and its yield was higher than that of the CK.They could be promoted as the main vegetable soybean varieties for spring open field cultivation in this region.Among the tested broccoli varieties,Lake had a higher yield,and was relatively tolerant to cold.It had an early harvest period,and was planted as an early autumn variety in this region.Naihan Youxiu showed the highest yield,good quality,cold resistance,and strong adaptability,making it suitable for planting as a late autumn variety in this region.[Conclusions]This study provides technical guidance for the cultivation of local broccoli and vegetable soybean.

STUDY ON THE HOST BIOLOGICAL INDUCED RESISTANCE OF BACTERIAL CANKER OF POPLAR

This is the first time that biological induced resistance has been used in the research of the bacterial canker on poplar. After inoculated with less-aggressive strains, middle-aggressive strains and non-aggressive strains (high-aggressive strains have been treated with 400W ultraviolet lamp for 30 min on super-clean working table) poplar seedlings have been inoculated with high-aggressive strams. the results of those experiments shown that strain 3 (from Suihua, Heilongjiang)and strain 9 (from Liaoning) can significantly enhance the activities of the peroxidase of host. and the efects of twice inoculation were much better than that of once inoculation. 7. 1 % and 4.0% of the peroxidase activities have been enhanced respectively in the seedlings which were twice inoculation with strains 3 and strains 9. 1. 1 % and 1 .2 % of the peroxidase activities have been enhanced by inoculated strains 3 and strains 9 once into seedlings.

Parasitoid wasps as effective biological control agents

Biological control(biocontrol) is a safe, sustainable approach that takes advantage of natural enemies such as predators, parasitic insects or pathogens to manage pests in agroecosystems. Parasitoid wasps, a very large evolutionary group of hymenopteran insects, are well-known biological control agents for arthropod pests in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the application of parasitoid wasps in biocontrol in China for the last five years. These include species diversity of parasitoid wasps, identification of dominant parasitoid wasps associated with insect pests and biocontrol practices(three types of biological control, i.e., classical, augmentative and conservation biological control) in several Chinese agroecosystems. We then treat different mass-rearing and release technologies and the commercialization of several parasitoid wasp species. We also summarize other work that may have a potential use in biocontrol, including the effect of plant volatiles on parasitoids and recent advance in the molecular mechanisms underlying the host regulation by parasitoid wasps. Future research area and applied perspectives are also discussed, noting that advances in biocontrol technologies in Chinese agriculture informs research at the global level.

Experimental evaluation of Odonata nymph in the biocontrol of schistosomiasis intermediate hosts

Objective:To evaluate the predatory potential of the Odonata nymph on freshwater snails that serve as intermediate hosts for Schistosoma species(Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina).Methods:Observations on the searching,attacking and devouring of the two snail types with series of laboratory-based predation experiments,whose aims were to determine daily predation rate,differential predation,prey preference considering small-,mediumand large-sized snails were conducted.Results:Laboratory evaluation revealed that,the Odonata nymph could kill and consume the two intermediate hosts.The number of snails consumed differed according to the snail type,size and density.The times taken for searching and handling times were dependent on the snail size,type and satiation of the predator.The predation rate varied also with respect to snail type,size and density.This study also evaluated that Odonata nymphs consumed more Bulinus truncatus than Biomphalaria alexandrina per unit time,and that there may be a preference for smaller than larger snails.Conclusions:According to our observation,the predator,Hemianax ephippiger nymph may be a suitable biocontrol agent in connection with Schistosoma intermediate hosts.

Studies on the Biology and Predatory Potential of <i>Harmonia dimidiata</i>, a Major Predator of <i>Aphis pomi</i>De Geer on Apple Host in India

Observations were made on young nursery plants and apple orchards to record the coccinellid predators of Aphis pomi De Geer on apple plants in Himachal Pradesh which is main apple growing state of India. Nine species of lady bird beetles were observed feeding on green apple aphid, Aphis pomi De Geer on the apple nursery plants of Mashobra locality of Shimla district and Ner Chowk locality of Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India. On the basis of general observations, it was found that the larvae of beetle Harmonia dimidiata (F.), are very active to feed on the nymphs of green apple aphid. Therefore, it was considered worthwhile to investigate the biology and feeding potential of this beetle on green apple aphid from biological control point of view.

Biolog-Eco解析黄山风景区空气微生物碳代谢多样性特征

采用Biolog生态微平板分析黄山风景区6个景区空气样品的微生物碳代谢群落结构,旨在了解不同景区空气微生物碳代谢功能群落结构的特点与差异.结果表明:6个景区AWCD值变化趋势不同,空气微生物在碳源利用能力、微生物丰度等方面存在差异,可能与海拔、气象、游客集中与流动等因素有关;6个景区空气微生物对6类31种碳源的利用程度存在差异,但总体对羧酸类和碳水化合物类的利用程度较高,对其它化合物类的利用程度较低;主成分分析显示,6个景区空气微生物代谢基质主成分1的贡献度为58.7%,主成分2为28.5%;主成分1荷载0.55以上的基质有25种,主成分2只有7种.Biolog生态微平板技术能够客观、正确表征空气微生物碳代谢多样性的特征,是研究空气微生物群落功能多样性的较理想方法之一.

基于USB-host技术显示屏控制系统的扩展研究

指出了当前LED显示屏控制系统的特点及其局限性,提出了一种基于U SB-host技术和双单片机的LED显示屏控制系统的解决方案,首次将U SB主机应用于显示屏控制系统,给出了系统的设计原理、主要的硬件电路以及软件流程图。系统实现了通过读取U SB存储设备完成对LED显示屏的直接输入,提供了友好的人机交互界面,摆脱了传统控制系统对计算机和专用线路的依赖,大大拓宽了其应用市场。实践证明,基于该方案设计的显示屏控制系统能够完全满足用户的文本和图像发布需求,性价比高,具有广阔的市场价值。

Biological character of human adipose-derived adult stem cells and influence of donor age on cell replication in culture

To investigate the biological character of human adipose-derived adult stem cells (hADAS cells) when cultured in vitro and the relationship between hADAS cell’s replication activity and the donor’s age factor, and to assess the stem cells as a new source for tissue engineering. hADAS cells are isolated from human adipose tissue of different age groups (from adolescents to olds: <20 years old, 21―40 years old, 41―60 years old and >61 years old groups). The protein markers (CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD49d, HLA-DR, CD106) of hADAS cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) to identify the stem cell, and the cell cycle was examined for P20 hADAS cells to evaluate the safety of the subculture in vitro. The generative activity of hADAS cells in different age groups was also examined by MTT method. The formula “ log2T D = t logN t ? logN 0” was used to get the time doubling (TD) of the cells. The results showed that the cells kept heredity stabilization by chromosome analysis for at least 20 passages. The TD of these cells increased progressively by ageing, and the TD of the <20 years old group was lower than that of the >61 years old group (statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA), P=0.002, P<0.05). These find- ings suggested that a higher level of hADAS cells replication activity was found in the younger dona- tors, and they represent novel and valuable seed cells for studies of tissue engineering.

Metabolomics-based comparative analysis of the effects of host and environment on Viscum coloratum metabolites and antioxidative activities

Viscum coloratum(Kom.)Nakai is a well-known medicinal hemiparasite widely distributed in Asia.The synthesis and accumulation of its metabolites are affected by both environmental factors and the host plants,while the latter of which is usually overlooked.The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of host and habitat on the metabolites in V.coloratum through multiple chemical and biological approaches.The metabolite profile of V.coloratum harvested from three different host plants in two habitats were determined by multiple chemical methods including high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet(HPLC-UV),gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC-FID)and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS).The differences in antioxidant efficacy of V.coloratum were determined based on multiple in vitro models.The multivariate statistical analysis and data fusion strategy were applied to analyze the differences in metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of V.coloratum.Results indicated that the metabolite profile obtained by various chemical approaches was simultaneously affected by host and environment factors,and the environment plays a key role.Meanwhile,three main differential metabolites between two environment groups were identified.The results of antioxidant assay indicated that the environment has greater effects on the biological activity of V.coloratum than the host.Therefore,we conclude that the integration of various chemical and biological approaches combined with multivariate statistical and data fusion analysis,which can determine the influences of host plant and habitat on the metabolites,is a powerful strategy to control the quality of semi-parasitic herbal medicine.

A Direct Droplet Digital PCR Method for <i>E. coli</i>Host Residual DNA Quantification

Injectable drugs manufactured in E. coli must be tested for host residual DNA (hr DNA) impurity in ensuring drug purity and safety. Because of low allowable hr DNA as impurity, highly sensitive methods are needed. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a new method where the reaction is partitioned into about 20,000 nanoliter-sized droplets and each droplet acts as individual PCR reaction. After completion of end-point PCR, droplets are analyzed for fluorescence and categorized as positive or negative and DNA quantified using Poisson statistics. Here we describe development of a direct E. coli hr DNA dd PCR method where the drug is directly added to the ddPCR reaction. We show that the ddPCR method has acceptable precision and high accuracy, works with different biologic drugs, and compared to qPCR shows higher tolerance of drug matrices. The method does not require DNA extraction or standard curves for quantification of hr DNA in unknown samples.

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 functions as a novel biomarker in liver cancer and other tumour progression

Cancer has become the most life-threatening disease in the world.Mutations in and aberrant expression of genes encoding proteins and mutations in noncoding RNAs,especially long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),have significant effects in human cancers.LncRNAs have no protein-coding ability but function extensively in numerous physiological and pathological processes.Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3(SNHG3)is a novel lncRNA and has been reported to be differentially expressed in various tumors,such as liver cancer,gastric cancer,and glioma.However,the interaction mechanisms for the regulation between SNHG3 and tumor progression are poorly understood.In this review,we summarize the results of SNHG3 studies in humans,animal models,and cells to underline the expression and role of SNHG3 in cancer.SNHG3 expression is upregulated in most tumors and is detrimental to patient prognosis.SNHG3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial.Concurrently,SNHG3 affects oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes through various mechanisms,including competing endogenous RNA effects.A deeper understanding of the contribution of SNHG3 in clinical applications and tumor development may provide a new target for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

寄主植物及猎物对杂食性天敌烟盲蝽若虫存活和发育的影响

杂食性昆虫烟盲蝽是多种害虫的重要捕食性天敌,它在猎物缺乏时可通过取食一些植物维持生存。因此,了解烟盲蝽在不同植物上的生物学特性以及有无猎物对其生物学特性的影响,是利用烟盲蝽创建储蓄植物系统开展害虫生物防治的基础。本研究通过室内离体叶片添加或不添加猎物烟粉虱、以及整株植物饲喂若虫的方法,测试了烟盲蝽在芝麻、香雪球和荞麦3种蜜源植物以及棉花和小白菜两种作物上的存活、发育及性比。结果表明,无猎物时,烟盲蝽若虫在芝麻和小白菜离体叶片上能发育至成虫,成虫获得率分别是85.2%和80.0%,若虫发育历期分别为15.0d和19.2d,但在荞麦、香雪球、棉花离体叶片和清水对照上分别只发育至4龄、3龄、3龄和2龄。添加猎物时,烟盲蝽若虫在5种植物离体叶片上都能发育至成虫,其中在芝麻上的若虫期最短,为11.8d,成虫获得率最高,为83.3%。烟盲蝽若虫在几种整株植物上的存活和发育与离体叶片上的结果相似,即只能在芝麻和小白菜上发育至成虫,成虫获得率分别为93.3%和66.7%。所有测试条件下饲养的烟盲蝽雌性比都在0.6左右,且雌、雄虫的若虫发育历期差异不显著。最后讨论了利用烟盲蝽这一重要杂食性天敌创建储蓄植物系统实施害虫生物防治的可行性。

基质对大豆芽苗菜生物学性状的影响与评价

为筛选适宜种植大豆芽苗菜的最佳基质,本研究以大豆品种中品661为材料,以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩3种基质的单基质以及复配基质作为栽培基质,从而评价不同基质对大豆芽苗菜生物学性状的影响。结果表明:草炭基质(D2)栽培大豆芽苗菜,地上部鲜重显著高于园土(Y)栽培29.44%;可溶性蛋白含量显著高于园土(Y)栽培10.16%;脯氨酸含量显著高于园土(Y)栽培262.50%。而草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1(F2)基质栽培的大豆芽苗菜地上部含水量显著高于园土(Y)栽培5.47%,有利于提高芽苗菜的口感及柔嫩度。综上,草炭栽培基质(D2)是大豆芽苗菜最理想的栽培基质。

蝴蝶兰种质资源生物学性状综合评价

以收集的57份蝴蝶兰种质资源为研究对象,对其23个生物学性状进行调查并分析,明确影响蝴蝶兰种质资源生物学性状综合评价的主要因子,采用层次分析法与K-Means聚类分析方法相结合,建立蝴蝶兰种质资源生物学性状综合评价体系,以期能够较为全面的评价现有种质,对现有种质资源进行分级,为蝴蝶兰种质资源的利用、新品种选育及栽培推广提供参考依据。结果表明:花部形态(C1)是蝴蝶兰综合性状评价的主要因子,花色所占比重最大,花梗形态(C2)次之,植株形态(C3)权重最低;综合评价得分最高的是‘光芒四射’(得分4.2706);花部形态评价得分最高的是‘招财猫’和‘光芒四射’(得分2.5010),植株形态得分最高的是‘龙树枫叶’(得分0.7472),花梗形态得分最高的是‘1713’(得分1.1554);根据评价得分将57份种质分为4个等级,其中优秀等级9个,占比15.79%;良好18个,占比31.58%;中等20个,占比35.09%;及格10个,占比17.54%。