An Experimental Study on the Performance of Storage Pulverizing System after Renovation of Importing Hot Air

A thermal power plant of Sinopec has 9 boilers, which generally have problems of high exhaust gas temperature and high flying ash carbon content. In order to improve the adaptability of coals, the stability of coal powder ignition, the burn-off rate of pulverized coals and the boiler efficiency, a series of renovation projects about importing hot air into mill exhauster are proposed. For the sake of verifying the renovation effects, an efficiency performance test is conducted on the renovated #5 boiler. The test result shows that the boiler heat efficiency has improved by 0.4% and it operates more safely and reliably after the renovation. At last, this paper recommends an optimized operation mode.

Hot air treatment activates defense responses and induces resistance against Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit

The effect of hot air（HA, 45°C, 3.5 h） treatment on reducing gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that HA treatment significantly reduced lesion diameter and enhanced activities of chitinase（CHI）, β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase（PAL） in strawberry fruit. Total phenolic contents were also increased by HA treatment. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase（APX） were higher in HA treated strawberry fruit than those in control. Expression of three defense related genes such as CAT, CCR-1 allele and PLA6 was greatly induced in HA treated strawberry fruit with or without inoculation by B. cinerea. In addition, the in vitro experiment showed that HA treatment inhibited spore germination and tube growth of B. cinerea. These results suggested that HA treatment directly activated disease resistance against B. cinerea in strawberry fruit without priming response and directly inhibiting growth of B. cinerea.

Artificial neural network techniques to predict the moisture ratio content during hot air drying and vacuum drying of Radix isatidis extract

Background:To predict the moisture ratio of Radix isatidis extract during drying.Methods:Artificial neural networks were designed using the MATLAB neural network toolbox to produce a moisture ratio prediction model of Radix isatidis extract during hot air drying and vacuum drying,where regression values and mean squared error were used as evaluation indexes to optimize the number of hidden layer nodes and determine the topological structure of artificial neural networks model.In addition,the drying curves for the different drying parameters were analyzed.Results:The optimal topological structure of the moisture ratio prediction model for hot air drying and vacuum drying of Radix isatidis extract were“4-9-1”and“5-9-1”respectively,and the regression values between the predicted value and the experimental value is close to 1.This indicates that it has a high prediction accuracy.The moisture ratio gradually decreases with an increase in the drying time,reducing the loading,initial moisture content,increasing the temperature,and pressure can shorten the drying time and improve the drying efficiency.Conclusion:Artificial neural networks technology has the advantages of rapid and accurate prediction,and can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for online prediction during the drying process of the extract.

Effects of Chemical Osmotic Pretreatment on Drying Characteristics and Quality of Blueberry under Hot Air Drying

In order to study the effects of chemical osmotic pretreatment on the characteristics and quality of blueberry under hot air drying,fresh blueberries were pretreated with 2.5 g/100 mL K2CO3+0.6 g/100 mL olive oil,and 5.0 g/100 mL K2CO3+0.6 g/100 mL olive oil at(45±0.5)℃,respectively.The changes of water content,rehydration,hardness,microstructure,color difference,active ingredient anthocyanin,total phenol and DPPH radical scavenging capacity of dried blueberries in different treatment groups under hot air drying were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the dehydration rates of blueberries vary greatly according to the type of pretreatments when the samples were dried to the same water content with hot air.Specifically,the dehydration rate of dried blueberries pretreated by 5.0%K2CO3 solution was the highest,followed by 2.5%K2CO3 osmotic pretreatment and lastly the control group;the corresponding dehydration time was 10,14 and 20h,respectively.The physical qualities of dried blueberries,involving the browning degree,color difference,rehydration and microstructure,were significantly different between the chemical osmotic pretreatment group and the control group(P<0.05).The chemical osmotic pretreatment of K2CO3 solution increased the dehydration rate of the samples,shortened the drying time and maintained the quality of blueberries dried with hot air.There was no significant difference between the physical quality of dried blueberries pretreated by 2.5%and 5.0%K2CO3 solution(P>0.05),whereas there was significant difference in drying time and nutrient quality which is characterized by total phenols,anthocyanins,DPPH radical scavenging rate,soluble total sugar(P<0.05).Conclusion:5.0%K2CO3 osmotic pretreatment combining with hot air drying can improve the dehydration rate,shorten the drying time and maintain the physical and nutritional quality.

Animal-Fats Biodiesel as a Heating Fuel for Agricultural Hot Air Heaters

Biodiesel （BD） was made from animal-fats reacting with methanol and potassium hydroxide in the laboratory. The biodiesel made in the laboratory was sent to K-petro, the government agency to inspect the quality of animal-fats biodiesel, of which generally the quality was acceptable for heating oil for agricultural hot air heater. Kinematic viscosity and calorific values of the biodiesels were measured. BD20（K）, kerosene based biodiesel, showed 18 cSt at -20 ~C. It seems that BD100 can not be suitable for heating fuel under some temperature. As BD content increased calorific value decreased up to 40,000 J/g for 100% BD （BD100） while, light oil calorific value was 45,567 J/g, showing difference of 5,567 J/g （about 12% difference）, Several different fuels including BD20 （biodiesel 20% ＋ light oil 80%）, BD50 （biodiesel 50% ＋ light oil 50%）, BD100 （biodiesel 100%） and light oil were prepared and tested for fuel combustion qualities for agricultural hot air heater and their combustion performances were compared and analyzed. Flame dimensions of biodiesels and light oil were almost same shape at the same combustion condition in the burner of the hot air heater. Generally, CO2 amounts of BDs were greater than light oil, but the differences were so small that it is hard to tell there was significant difference between the BDs combustion and light oil.

Influence of hot air sintering on dioxin emission

Sintering pot tests with hot air were conducted. Air recovery from exhaust gas from the sintering plant. The effects was heated by using a resistance furnace to simulate heat of the process parameters, such as temperature of hot air, oxygen enrichment, coke consumption and bed depth, on quality of products, energy consumption and dioxin emission were investigated. Good results were obtained under the following conditions ： 200℃ hot air, no oxygen enrichment, lime with high CaO, thinner bed and addition of accelerant.

Study and Application of W-Flame Boiler Startup Aided by Adjacent Hot Primary Air

In this paper,the designed features of a W-flame coal-fired boiler are introduced.A scheme of joint primary air for two boilers is made and technical measures are also taken based on corresponding analyses and studies.The scheme and the measures provide a reference for technicians to improve the efficiencies and reduce the startup costs of other similar large boilers.

Research and Development of Hot Primary Air Heater for Coal-Fired Boilers in Power Plant

The reasons of introducing cold air into pulverizer are analyzed for boilers with large capacity and high parameters. The temperature rises of the exhaust gas are calculated when varying the amount of the cold air. The hot primary air heater, a new technology, is developed to eliminate the cold air from the pulverized coal system. The applications, advantages and disadvantages are introduced in detail for the new device and system. It is concluded that introducing cold air into pulverizer is one of the major factors that causes the exhaust gas temperature of boilers with large capacity to be high. The amount of the cold air could be reduced signif icantly, even to zero in some cases by adopting the hot primary air heater, which drops the exhaust gas temperature of the boiler effectively. The hot primary air heater, which could play part roles of the steam-air heater or the hot air recirculation system, could also be used to adjust the exhaust gas temperature within the range of 20 ℃ by controlling the flow rate of the cooling medium. Moreover, the startup period of the steam-air heater or the hot air recirculation system will be shortened, which is a unique advantage of the hot primary air heater among the measures to drop the exhaust gas temperature.

从hot air谈起

What he said was just a lot of hot air. 若将这句话中的hot air理解成“热空气”就错了,因为它的意思是“大话,吹牛皮”。hot在和其他一些词连用时,也容易引起误解,须根据上下文来认真判断。如:The problem is a hot potato.(这是个棘手的问题。)

太阳能-空气源热泵热水系统新型组合优化设计

太阳能-空气源热泵热水系统(solar-air source heat pump hot water system, SAHWS)常用于宿舍楼宇供暖,通过对系统参数的优化设计可显著提高系统能效性能与环境友好性。为得到一种综合考虑SAHWS经济、能源、环保与节能的优化方法,提出了一种新型组合优化设计策略,并利用TRNSYS软件搭建系统仿真模型,以西安、西宁、拉萨这3座不同太阳能资源等级城市为例,对SAHWS运行工况对比分析。结果表明:与常用生命周期成本设计相比,所提出的组合优化设计不仅降低了系统成本,还有着较低的系统能耗;组合优化设计的热泵能耗与工作小时数最短,且有最低的热损,在投资成本、系统季节性能因子、太阳能保证率以及碳粉尘、二氧化碳排放量均有较好表现。

24h全日集中空气源热泵热水系统贮热水箱容积的分析探讨

在空气源热泵热水系统设计中,贮热水箱容积的计算至关重要。介绍并分析了现行标准规程贮热水箱容积的计算公式,指出了公式运用时可能存在的问题。针对空气源热泵定时运行、24 h全日集中热水供应系统,根据热泵运行时间与用水高峰持续时段的覆盖关系,分情况分析并推导了贮热水箱容积的计算公式。在设计取值范围内,对上述推导公式计算的贮热水箱容积进行了分析。提出了贮热水箱容积在方案阶段的估算建议值。

Influence of oxygen-rich hot air composite gas medium on sintering performance and function mechanism

Hot air sintering technology is used to improve the quality and production efficiency of sintered ore.However,the current thick layer condition highlights the disadvantage of the low oxygen potential of the hot air sintering layer.Therefore,it is considered to use oxygen enrichment sintering to improve the environment of hot air sintering.Traditional sintering,hot air sintering,and oxygen-rich hot air sintering were compared through sintering cup experiments,and the influence of hot air and oxygen-rich hot air on sintering indexes was clarified.Hot air reduced the vertical sintering velocity,while improved the yield and tumbler index.Oxygen-rich hot air sintering contributed to improving the vertical sintering velocity while ensuring the quality of sintered ore,thus comprehensively improving production efficiency.Under the action of hot air,the highest temperature of the sintering layer increased and the high-temperature holding time was prolonged.After oxygen enrichment,the combustion efficiency of fuels in the upper layer of materials was promoted,which optimized heat distribution in the middle and lower layers of materials and increased the content of calcium ferrite in the sintered ore,thus strengthening the sintering process.

云景1^(#)纸机热风系统节能改造实践

纸机热风系统是燃料动力蒸汽消耗的主要环节,随着热风系统新工艺不断发展运用,早期设计使用的热风系统蒸汽消耗高导致生产成本增加。通过对云景1^(#)DTC100型纸机热风系统进行改造,实现节能降本,提高经济效益。

“空气源热泵-太阳能”热水系统在高校学生公寓的应用

学生公寓热水需求量大且用水时间较为分散,选择少污染且高效的热源形式,对高校的节能减排有重要的意义。空气源热泵辅助太阳能热水系统水温恒定,可全天候供应热水,满足阴雨天及冬季使用热水需求,智能化程度高,节能效果明显且项目回收周期短,可以在高校中推广使用。介绍山东某高校公寓实际运行的空气源热泵辅助太阳能热水系统及其控制原理;并通过对电热水器和单独采用空气源热泵制取热水方式的年耗电量计算,与实际运行项目的年耗电量比较,对其节能性进行分析。由于对系统各设备的启停采用了智能控制系统,能够对系统运行模式进行灵活调控,使得该系统比电热水器节电75%,比独立空气源热泵系统节电30%。根据2021年项目实际年收入,预计该系统回收周期为4.2年。

中学宿舍热水系统设计及其技术要点

对成都七中新校区学生宿舍热水系统设计进行介绍和分析,根据中学宿舍建筑的热水使用特点和后期项目反馈情况,提出采用空气源热泵系统时需注意的问题;选用冷水供水泵流量时,完全按规范要求计算,结果出现了设计秒流量小于设计小时水量的情况,介绍了项目冷水供水泵流量的复核修正方法;分析了项目保证热水系统循环效果的措施以及给水管道布置方法。

基于太阳能和热回收预热的空气源热水系统逻辑控制监理要点

由于涉及系统效率的问题,多种热源的热水系统在不同情况下,采用一种或几种热源要有严格的逻辑控制。文章通过对系统原理图进行剖析,从单个热源如太阳能集热、空调热回收等的逻辑控制,到预热、加热和保温等各层逻辑控制,再到热水回水循环加热等系统运作逻辑控制,都进行了详细的分析和说明。此外,对关键部件如紫外线光催化二氧化钛(AOT)消毒器、膨胀罐和循环水泵的安装和运作也进行了分析,以保证各部件的有效运行。

夏热冬冷地区办公建筑空调系统需求响应潜力的影响因素量化分析

近年来建筑空调系统的用电负荷在电网总负荷中的占比不断增大,如何高效推动建筑空调系统积极参与电力需求响应,对实现“削峰填谷”、提高电力系统灵活性、保障电网安全稳定运行具有重要意义。建筑空调系统需求响应潜力的科学评估是实现空调负荷柔性调控的基础,难点在于多因素耦合影响,量化评估难。以夏热冬冷地区某办公建筑为例,基于EnergyPlus软件模拟,通过控制变量法对影响建筑空调系统需求响应潜力的4种因素(室外天气、建筑围护结构性能、空调系统性能、需求响应策略)进行敏感性分析。结果表明,建筑围护结构性能变化对空调系统需求响应潜力影响较小,而其他3种因素影响较大。其中,当夏季室外空气焓值由70~75 kJ/kg上升至85~90 kJ/kg时,空调系统参与需求响应的峰值负荷削减量(即需求响应潜力)由13.01 W/m^(2)提升至17.54 W/m^(2)(增大35%);当多联机系统COP由4.0降低至2.5时,需求响应潜力由19.51 W/m^(2)提升至31.21 W/m^(2)(增大60%);当水冷式空调系统COP由6.0降低至3.0时,需求响应潜力由11.60 W/m^(2)提升至23.20 W/m^(2)(增大100%);当需求响应策略由室温设定值上升2℃变为上升4℃时,需求响应潜力由10.74 W/m^(2)提升至17.28 W/m^(2)(增大61%)。

煤矿工业热风炉智能供电系统功率因数复合调制的研究

由于在实际应用中,煤矿工业热风炉智能供电系统存在着功率因数低、谐波扰动大等问题。为此,提出高频率启停煤矿工业热风炉智能供电系统功率因数复合调制方法。利用整流器数学模型计算直流侧稳态电压,并建立功率因数调制信号质量函数,计算高频启停状态下的有功功率和无功功率。获取功率因数复合调制反馈量,对比该反馈量与供电系统稳定状态下的功率,将差值输入至PI调节器内,控制高频率启停设备电流,实现煤矿工业热风炉智能供电系统功率因数复合调制。实验结果表明:计算煤矿工业热风炉智能供电系统稳态电压数值较为准确,有效实现高频率启停煤矿工业热风炉智能供电系统功率因数复合调制,应用效果较为显著,为电力系统工程中功率因数补偿和电压稳定等问题提供有力支撑。

300MW锅炉贫改烟改造技术优化及应用

近年来,新能源发电发展迅速,但其发电负荷随机性大,严重影响了电网的安全运行。为适应节能减排及消纳新能源的要求,对锅炉进行调峰调频及灵活性改造已成为必然趋势。贫煤锅炉大比例掺烧烟煤可大幅提高锅炉的稳燃性,降低锅炉原烟气中NOx及SOx的含量,减小空预器、吸收塔除雾器堵塞的风险,但采用中储式热风送粉系统的贫煤锅炉大比例掺烧烟煤存在制粉系统爆炸、一次风送粉管道烧损和炉膛结焦的风险。为此,某电厂提出并实施一种冷热炉烟联合防爆、冷热一次风混合降温、低省回收排烟余热的综合性改造方案,取得了良好效果。

太阳能建筑的研究进展综述

对被动式太阳能建筑和主动式太阳能建筑的应用现状和研究进展进行阐述,并对主动式太阳能建筑中可与建筑相结合的太阳能热利用技术和可与建筑相结合的光伏发电技术进行分析。结果表明:1)被动式太阳能建筑技术研究方法逐渐由定性分析为主转向定性、定量和综合分析,并以节能低碳、室内热舒适度、设计优化及相变材料的应用作为研究重点。2)系统的性能系数和太阳能保证率是建筑太阳能热利用技术的研究重点,设备选型、系统设计、运行策略是主要研究内容;阴、雨、雪天等太阳能无法利用的工况多采用太阳能辅助热泵供暖系统。3)增强光伏组件通风性可使光伏组件降温,提升光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)建筑的光伏发电量;回收利用光伏发电伴生热量有助于提升能源综合利用率。