Performance on Power,Hot and Cold Water Generation of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Module

This paper proposed a new function of photovoltaic thermal(PVT)module to produce nocturnal cool water not just only generating electrical power and hot water during daytime.Experimental tests were carried out under Chiang Mai tropical climate with a 200 Wp monocrystalline PVT module having dimensions of 1.601 m×0.828 m connected with two water tanks each of 60 L taken for hot and cool water storages.The module was facing south with 18o inclination.The electrical load was a 200 W halogen lamp.From experiments,by taking the module as a nocturnal radiative cooling surface,the cool water temperature in the cool storage tank could be reduced 2℃–3℃each night and the temperature could be reduced from 31.5℃to 22.1℃within 4 consecutive days.The cool water at approximately 23℃was also used to cool down the PVT module from noon when the PVT module temperature was rather high,and then the module temperature immediately dropped around 5℃and approximately 10%increase of electrical power could be achieved.A set of mathematical models was also developed to predict the PVT module temperature and the hot water temperature including the cool water temperature in the storage tanks during daytime and nighttime.The simulated results agreed well with the experimental data.

Study of Flow and Heat Transfer in an Ejector-Driven Swirl Anti-Icing Chamber

The formation of ice on the leading edge of aircraft engines is a serious issue,as it can have catastrophic consequences.The Swirl Anti-Icing(SAI)system,driven by ejection,circulates hot fluid within a 360°annular chamber to heat the engine inlet lip surface and prevent icing.This study employs a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)approach to study the impact of key geometric parameters of this system on flow and heat transfer characteristics within the anti-icing chamber.Additionally,the entropy generation rate and exergy efficiency are analyzed to assess the energy utilization in the system.The research findings indicate that,within the considered flow range,reducing the nozzle specific areaφfrom 0.03061 to 0.01083 can enhance the ejection coefficient by over 60.7%.This enhancement increases the air circulating rate,thereby intensifying convective heat transfer within the SAI chamber.However,the reduction inφalso leads to a significant increase in the required bleed air pressure and a higher entropy generation rate,indicating lower exergy efficiency.The nozzle angleθnotably affects the distribution of hot and cold spots on the lip surface of the SAI chamber.Increasingθfrom 0°to 20°reduces the maximum temperature difference on the anti-icing chamber surface by 60 K.

Blowing Hot and Cold

The seesawing of economic and political relations between China and Japan seems likely for the long haul International relations experts have made no secret of the fact that frosty political relations between China and Japan have begun to have an effect on their economic ties. Many even declare that economic cooperation has already started to

Research on Passive Design Optimization about an Experimental Rural Residence in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Region of China

In China, rural residential environment under the poor construction measures has not been satisfactory due to the backward infrastructure of countryside and the lacking of professional planning, which will result in considerable amount of energy consumption in the future. The economy of rural residences in the hot summer and cold winter region of China is relative developed, but the indoor thermal environmental quality is not so good. In this paper, the design strategies directed by passive design ideas for a small experimental rural residential building located in Hangzhou city was introduced and researched in response to hot summer and cold winter climate. Through modeling solution undertaken by Ecotect software, the building performance was simulated and analyzed for the optimization of design factors, such as shape, roof angle, insulation system, shading devices, as well as day-lighting system. Based on the above study, a set of appropriate energy-saving technologies were provided for improving the new rural residences construction in Hangzhou, which should also be recommended to other projects constructed in the same climate region.

Research on the Development of Green Building Technology in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Area under the Background of Carbon Neutrality:A Case Study of Zhuzhou City

Carbon sequestration and emission reduction in the construction industry plays an important role in China’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality.Research in Zhuzhou city scored 42 since the assessment of the green building project situation as the research object,in hot summer and cold winter areas of analysis and evaluation on the development of green building technology,and then sums up the carbon neutral background the priority areas and tasks for the development of green building techniques,optimization of the construction industry into a new era under the background of green development to provide the reference.

Development of window opening models for residential building in hot summer and cold winter climate zone of China

This study monitors the open/closed states of the windows in 16 residential apartments in representative cities of the hot summer and cold winter zone of China,along with outdoor air temperature,outdoor relative humidity and outdoor PM2.5 concentration in 2017,to investigate the window opening/closing behavior.Three window opening models are developed.All the models are validated by modeling a typical residential apartment to compare the predicted indoor CO_(2)concentration with monitored data.It is found that the window opening probability is negatively correlated to both outdoor PM2.5 concentration and outdoor relative humidity,and the probability of window opening reaches the peak value when the outdoor air temperature is 23.7℃.In terms of season,the shortest window opening duration occurs in winter due to the cold outdoor air temperature and high outdoor PM2.5 concentration.Finally,by comparing the correlation between the measured date and simulation results of indoor CO_(2)concentration,this study provides an appropriate window opening model for reference.

EFFECT OF PREDEFORMATION MANNER ON SEMI-SOLID STRUCTURE OF AZ61 MAGNESIUM ALLOY IN SIMA PROCESS

The effect of predeformation manner, predeformation ratio and isothermal heat-treat parameter on the non-dendrite structure of AZ61 magnesium alloy in SIMA process was studied. Under coequal heat-treat condition, the impact of the hot upsetting pre- deformation on semi-solid microstructure in SIMA process was compared with that of the cold compressive predeformation. The results indicate that non-dendrite microstructure in AZ61 magnesium alloy billets can be obtained by hot or cold upsetting predeformation in SIMA process, although their mechanisms of evolution are different. Increasing hot or cold upsetting predeformation ratio can enhance the effect and quality of the non-dendrite microstructure formed before storage energy up to saturation, but the proper isothermal temperature and holding time should be selected.

Molecular vulnerabilities and therapeutic resistance in hormone receptor positive and HER2 dependent breast cancer tumours

Over the past two decades,high sensitivity to HER2-amplified primary breast cancers has been achieved with HER2-targeted therapies.CDK4/6 inhibitors have long been identified as a potential treatment option for advanced breast cancer patients.However,acquired HER2 heterogeneity leading to resistance during the treatment has been identified as a bottleneck.This review focuses on the recent resistance mechanisms identified and potential therapeutic targets for conventional and combination endocrine therapies with CDK4/6 inhibitors by various breast cancer clinical trials and research groups in HER amplified and/or mutated breast cancer tumour.Activating HER2 alterations,JNK pathway,hyperactivated TORC1,co-mutations in HER2 and HER3,phenotypic changes of HER2,and few other advanced findings are identified as potential therapeutic targets in treating current HER2 endocrine therapy-resistant tumour.Along with the HER2-focused resistance mechanisms,we also describe how the microbiome may play a role in breast cancer therapy and its potential for new therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in breast cancers.

Climate chamber investigation of the effect of indoor thermal histories on thermal adaptation in different seasons

The indoor thermal history of residents in the hot summer and cold winter climate zone in China have undergone a significant change in recent years,which also changes their seasonal thermal adaptations and this has formed feed-back effects to the increasing usage of air conditioning units in this area.To study the seasonal variations of thermal adaptation,the thermal comfort experiments were conducted on two groups of participants.Each groups included 20 participants who had indoor history mainly with natural ventilation(NV group)and air-conditioning(AC group),respectively.The results demonstrated that the thermal sensation vote(TSV)in warm environments did not differ between AC and NV subjects in summer.However,the TSV of AC subjects were much lower than that of NV subjects in the same standard effective temperature and skin temperature in a cold environment in winter.Overall,the participants who spent most of their time in AC space in winter showed a low level of thermal adaptation with a narrower acceptable skin temperature range of 32.6-33.5℃.Thus,this study presents the basic information regarding the seasonal effects on human thermal adaptation due to different long-term indoor thermal histories.

Energy consumption pattern and indoor thermal environment of residential building in rural China

With the continuous deepening of China’s rural construction and development,people’s living conditions are improved day by day,while accompanied by energy and environment crisis issues.This paper mainly analyzes the energy consumption pattern and the indoor environment of rural households in China and discusses the energy-saving optimization strategies for improving the thermal environment of buildings.Questionnaire surveys and field surveys were conducted in three villages in Guanghan,China.The measurement results show that the annual indoor temperature range of the region in the summer is 15-31℃and the relative humidity range is 34%-96%.The average indoor temperatures in summer and winter are 28℃and 16℃respectively.The indoor thermal environment of rural buildings is usually poor and cannot meet the requirements of Chinese standards.At the same time,the architectural design and energy consumption pattern of rural households are different from those in urban areas as countryside has unique characteristics.Finally,we put forward certain energy-saving improvement measures at the end of the article.