Experimental Evidence of Interface-Trap-Related SILC in Ultrathin (4nm- and 2.5nm-Thick) n-MOSFET and p-MOSFET Under Hot-Carrier Stress

Stress-induced leakage current (SILC) of ultrathin gate oxide is investigated by observing the generation of interface traps for n-MOSFET and p-MOSFET under hot-carrier stress.It is found experimentally that there is linear correlation between the generation of interface traps and SILC for both types of MOSFET with different channel lengths (including 1,0.5,0.275,and 0.135μm) and different gate oxide thickness (4nm and 2.5nm).These experimental evidences show that the SILC has a strong dependence on interface traps.

An Improved Method to Extract Generation of Interface Trap in Hot-Carrier-Stressed LDD n-MOSFET

A new improved technique,based on the direct current current voltage and charge pumping methods,is proposed for measurements of interface traps density in the channel and the drain region for LDD n MOSFET.This technique can be applied to virgin samples and those subjected to hot carrier stress,and the latter are known to cause the interface damage in the drain region and the channel region.The generation of interface traps density in the channel region and in the drain region can be clearly distinguished by using this technique.

Flow stress equation for multipass hot-rolling of aluminum alloys

A series of simple axisymmetric compression tests were carried out on the computer servo controlled Gleeble 1 500 machine when strain rates ranged between 0.05 25 s -1 and deformation temperature 300 500 ℃. The results show that flow stress is related to the Zener Hollonom parameter Z and strain, as well as the static recrystallization fraction between passes during multipass hot deformation of 5182 aluminum alloy. Hence, a modified exponential flow stress equation was presented by considering the values of ln A and β as functions of strain, and by using the uniform softening method and incorporating the static recrystallization fraction between passes to consider the effects of residual strain during multipass hot rolling of 5182 aluminum alloy. The validity of the equation was examined by a typical non isothermal multipass deformation test.

Research on flow stress of spray formed 70Si30Al alloy under hot compression deformation

The flow stress of spray formed 70Si30Al alloy was studied by hot compression on a Gleeble- 1500 test machine. The experimental results indicated that the flow stress depends on the strain rate and the deformation temperature. The flow stress increases with an increase in strain rate at a given deformation temperature. The flow stress decreases with the deformation temperature increasing at a given strain rate. The relational expression among the flow stress, the swain rate, and the deformation temperature satisfies the Arrhenius equation. The deformation activation energy of 70Si30Al alloy during hot deformation is 866.27 kJ/mol from the Arrhenius equation.

Effects of hot deformation parameters on flow stress and establishment of constitutive relationship system of BT20 titanium alloy

The hot compression experiments were performed to investigate the effects of hot deformation parameters on the flow stress of BT20(Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V) titanium alloy. The results show that the flow stress decreases with the increment of deformation temperature and increases with the growth of strain rate. The peak stress moves toward the direction of strain reducing and the strain rate sensitivity increases with the rising deformation temperature. There is obvious deformation heating created during hot deformation under relatively higher strain rate and lower deformation temperature. The improved back propagation(BP) neural network with 3-20-16-1 architecture has been employed to establish the prediction model of flow stress using deformation degree, deformation temperature and strain rate as input variables. The predicted values obtained by BP network agree well with the measured values, the relative error is within 6.5% for the sample data and not bigger than 9% for the non-sample data, which indicates that the ANNs adopted can predict the flow stress of BT20 alloy effectively and can be used as constitutive relationship system applied to FEM simulation of plastic deformation.

STRESS ANALYSIS OF CANNED HOT FORGING SPECIMEN OF TiAl INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND

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Controlling of weld hot cracks of aluminum alloy sheets by transverse pre-stressing

A new ideological and theoretical model—a technology to control weld hot cracks by transverse compressive pre-stress in the welding of aluminum alloy was put forward,which was further proved by the subsequent self-designed test setup.Experiments are conducted on the fishbone shaped specimen under conventional welding and welding with various pre-stress values.The experimental results turn out that,the initiation rate of the weld hot cracks decreases with increasing values of the compressive pre-stress.When the pre-stress reaches 0.3-0.4 of the yield stress,the cracks even disappear.In mechanical viewpoint,the researches here develop a new way to control weld cracks.

Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field and Thermal Stress Field of Work Roll During Hot Strip Rolling

Based on the thermal conduction equations, the three-dimensional （3D） temperature field of a work roll was investigated using finite element method （FEM）. The variations in the surface temperature of the work roll during hot strip rolling were described, and the thermal stress field of the work roll was also analyzed. The results showed that the highest roll surface temperature is 593 ℃, and the difference between the minimum and maximum values of thermal stress of the work roll surface is 145.7 MPa. Furthermore, the results of this analysis indicate that temperature and thermal stress are useful parameters for the investigation of roll thermal fatigue and also for improving the quality of strip during rolling.

Effective Channel Length Degradation under Hot-Carrier Stressing

This article describes the effective channel length degradation under hot carrier stressing. The extraction is based on the IDs-Vcs characteristics by maximum transconductance （maximum slope of IDs ＆ VGS） in the linear region. The transconductance characteristics are determine for the several devices of difference drawn channel length. The effective channel length of submicron LDD （Lightly Doped Drain） NMOSFETs （Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor） under hot carrier stressing was measured at the stress time varying from zero to 10,000 seconds. It is shown that the effective channel length was increased with time. This is caused by charges trapping in the oxide during stress. The increased of effective channel length （△Leff） is seem to be increased sharply as the gate channel length is decrease.

An improved wall shear stress measurement technique using sandwiched hot-film sensors

In this letter we present a novel wall shear stress measurement technique for a turbulent boundary layer using sandwiched hot-film sensors. Under certain conditions, satisfactory results can be obtained using only the heat generated by one of the hot-film and a calibration of the sensors is not required. Two thin Nickel films with the same size were used in this study, separated by an electrical insulating layer. The upper film served as a sensor and the bottom one served as a guard heater. The two Nickel films were operated at a same temperature, so that the Joule heat flux generated by the sensor film transferred to the air with a minimum loss or gain depending on the uncertainties in the film temperature measurements. Analytical solution of the shear stress based on the aforementioned heat flux was obtained. The preliminary results were promising and the estimated wall shear stresses agreed reasonablywell with the directly measured values （with errors less than 20%） in a fully developed turbulent pipe flow. The proposed technique can be improved to further increase precisions.

Hot carrier injection degradation under dynamic stress

In this paper, we have studied hot carrier injection （HCI） different degradations are obtained from the experiment results. under alternant stress. Under different stress modes, The different alternate stresses can reduce or enhance the HC effect, which mainly depends on the latter condition of the stress cycle. In the stress mode A （DC stress with electron injection）, the degradation keeps increasing. In the stress modes B （DC stress and then stress with the smMlest gate injection） and C （DC stress and then stress with hole injection under Vg = 0 V and Vd = 1.8 V）, recovery appears in the second stress period. And in the stress mode D （DC stress and then stress with hole injection under Vg = -1.8 V and Vd = 1.8 V）, as the traps filled in by holes can be smaller or greater than the generated interface states, the continued degradation or recovery in different stress periods can be obtained.

Flow stress of 2197 Al-Li alloy during hot compression deformation

The flow stress behavior of 2197 Al-Li alloy during hot compression deformation was studied in the strain rate range from 0.01 to 10 s-1 and the temperature range from 360 to 510 ℃ by isothermal compression test on a Gleeble-1500 thermal-mechanical simulator. The results show that the flow stress of 2197 Al-Li alloy decreases with the increase of deformation temperature and increases with the increase of strain rate. The peak flow stress during high temperature deformation can be represented by Z parameter in a hyperbolic sine function. The analytical expression of peak flow stress was fitted with the hot deformation activation energy of 260.6 kJ/mol.

Mechanism of biaxial pre-stress method on welding residual stress and hot cracks controlling

Based on the conventional uniaxial pre-tensile stress method during welding, this study presents a new method of welding with biaxial pre-stress. With the help of numerical simulation, experiments were carried out on the self-designed device. Except for the control on residual stress and distortion us-welded, the experimental results also show its effect on the prevention of hot cracks, thus this method can make up for the disadvantage of the conventional pre-stress method. Hot cracks disappear when the value of pre-stress surpasses 0. 2 σs（yield limit）. Welded thin plates with low-level residual stress, little distortion and no hot cracks are obtained with longitudinal pre-tensile stress level between 0. 6σsand 0. 7σs and precompressive stress between 0. 2 σs and 0. 3 σs in transverse direction.

Influence of Hartmann Number on Convective Flow of Maxwell Fluid between Two Hot Parallel Plates through Porous Medium Subject to Arbitrary Shear Stress at the Boundary

Natural convection flow of unsteady Maxwell fluid with the effects of constant magnetic force in the course of a porous media is investigated in this research work. Fluid motion between a channel of parallel plates is tempted by time dependent shear stress applied on one plate. The governing partial differential equations of a model under consideration are transformed into ordinary differential equations by Laplace transform method and then solved for temperature and velocity fields. The obtained results for temperature fields are expressed in terms of complementary error function. The influences of involved parameters likes Hartmann number, Grashf number, Prandlt number and porosity parameter, on temperature and velocity profiles are shown graphically. There is no such result regarding Maxwell fluid in the existing literature.

Thermal Stress in HFEF Hot Cell Windows Due to an In-Cell Metal Fire

This work investigates an accident during the pyrochemical extraction of Uranium and Plutonium from PWR spent fuel in an argon atmosphere hot cell. In the accident, the heavy metals (U and Pu) being extracted are accidently exposed to air from a leaky instrument penetration which goes through the cell walls. The extracted pin size pieces of U and Pu metal readily burn when exposed to air. Technicians perform the electrochemical extraction using manipulators through a 4 foot thick hot cell concrete wall which protects them from the radioactivity of the spent fuel. Four foot thick windows placed in the wall allow the technicians to visually control the manipulators. These windows would be exposed to the heat of the metal fire. This analysis determines if the thermal stress caused by the fire would crack the windows and if the heat would degrade the window seals allowing radioactivity to escape from the cell.

Micro-Raman Spectroscopy for Stress Evaluation of 3C-SiC Epitaxially Grown on Si Substrate by Hot Wall CVD

A series of cubic SiC single crystals were heteroepitaxially grown by the hot-wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a HMDS-C3H8-H2 system on 2 inch silicon substrates with the orientations of (100), (111), (110) and (211), respectively. Even though an initial carbonization was carried out to reduce the large lattice mismatch, residual stress could not be completely relieved, partly also due to the difference of their thermal expansion coefficients. Raman scattering studies for the specimens were performed to estimate the internal stress in the SiC epilayer and the substrate. Raman spectra were mapped out on the sample surface as well as on the cross section using an automated x-y stage with a spatial resolution capable of 100 nm. For all the samples, two Raman peaks corresponding to the transverse optical (TO) and longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes were observed, even though the intensity varied with the polarization configurations. In the SiC epilayers, tensile stresses decrease away from the interface, while compressive stresses exist in the substrate, with the magnitudes dependent on the growth orientation. The lattice strains were discussed in terms of the elastic deformation theory for the comparison.

某660MW机组汽轮机热态启动最佳温升率的确定

为进一步缩短火电机组热态启动时间,满足机组快速启动参与电网调峰的要求,以某660MW汽轮机组热态启动为例,编制程序确定不同启动阶段转子表面的蒸汽参数及换热系数,之后采用ANSYS软件对汽轮机热态启动下的转子温度场及应力场进行了数值模拟计算,分析了汽轮机转子重点监测部位热应力随温升率变化规律。并从不同温升率启动对汽轮机转子低周疲劳寿命的损耗进行分析,得到了机组热态启动的最佳温升率。研究结果可使汽轮机组热态启动下相比设计条件下缩短启动时间18%。所做工作对大型火电机组深度调峰具有一定参考价值。

钢-PPUC组合正交异性钢桥面板疲劳性能

为有效解决传统钢桥面病害,提出了钢-聚酯型聚氨酯(钢-PPUC)混凝土组合桥面板结构,开展了正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳性能研究。以马鞍山公铁两用大桥为工程背景,建立局部有限元模型,采用热点应力法获得车轮荷载作用下钢桥面易疲劳开裂部位的应力响应,基于疲劳应力幅进行疲劳强度评估。考虑不同温度、不同铺装层厚度和不同结构形式条件下PPUC铺装层对正交异性钢桥面板疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:高弹性模量的PPUC铺装层对正交异性钢桥面板典型疲劳细节处的应力具有明显的改善作用;顶板与纵肋连接部位疲劳细节应力幅降幅最大,顶板与纵肋连接处桥面板细节、纵肋与横隔板连接处纵肋细节和纵肋对接焊缝细节均满足抗疲劳开裂要求;不同温度作用下的弹性模量变化对典型疲劳细节等效应力幅的影响是非线性的,铺装层厚度变化对典型疲劳细节等效应力幅的影响是近似线性的;为兼顾正交异性钢桥面板受力性能和行车舒适性两方面要求,提出了单层和双层复合型PPUC结构形式,计算得到2种结构形式对各疲劳细节应力幅最大降幅为21%~56%,最小降幅为8%~36%,为钢-PPUC组合桥面板抗疲劳设计提供理论依据。

平面内弯矩作用下T形圆管相贯节点热点应力分布

本文针对平面内弯矩作用下的T形圆管相贯节点焊缝处热点应力分布开展研究.利用径向拉伸法建立了T形圆管相贯节点的有限元网格模型,对热点应力分析结果的可靠性进行了网格密度分析和试验对比分析,提出了满足计算精度要求的基本密度网格.通过无量纲几何参数分析归纳了热点应力沿相贯线的环向分布规律及几何参数影响规律,发现了冠点波峰分裂现象及分裂过程中波峰曲线的三种变化形态,在此基础上提出了采用以π为周期的系数来修正冠点曲线形状的波形修正方法及分布曲线参数公式.与伦敦大学学院(University College London,UCL)两位学者的公式和试验数据进行对比分析,结果表明本文公式具有更简洁的表达形式和更高的精度.

铸态30CrMnSiNi2A钢的热变形行为与热加工图

目的研究铸态30CrMnSiNi2A钢的热变形行为,并建立热加工图评估出合适的热变形参数。方法在变形温度900~1200℃和应变速率0.01~10 s^(−1)条件下开展热压缩实验,分别构建应变0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8下的热加工图,结合扫描电镜对变形后的微观组织进行分析。结果30CrMnSiNi2A钢在压缩过程中真应力的变化是加工硬化和动态软化协同作用的结果;在低应变速率时(0.01、0.1 s^(−1)),流动曲线在应力值达到峰值应力(σp)后都表现出流动软化现象,而在高应变速率下流动曲线则表现出连续的加工硬化现象。结论根据变形试样的微观组织和塑性流动是否稳定,可将热加工图分为3个区:流动失稳区、不完全动态再结晶区、完全动态再结晶区,在完全动态再结晶区内的晶粒细小均匀,所以将变形温度1100~1180℃、应变速率0.01~0.5 s^(−1)确定为适合于30CrMnSiNi2A钢的加工窗口。