Three-dimensional simulation of fabrication process-dependent effects on single event effects of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor

The fabrication process dependent effects on single event effects （SEEs） are investigated in a commercial silicon- germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor （SiGe HBT） using three-dimensional （3D） TCAD simulations. The influences of device structure and doping concentration on SEEs are discussed via analysis of current transient and charge collection induced by ions strike. The results show that the SEEs representation of current transient is different from representation of the charge collection for the same process parameters. To be specific, the area of C/S junction is the key parameter that affects charge collection of SEE. Both current transient and charge collection are dependent on the doping of collector and substrate. The base doping slightly influences transient currents of base, emitter, and collector terminals. However, the SEEs of SiGe HBT are hardly affected by the doping of epitaxial base and the content of Ge.

Design and Lamination Process of Composite Fabric for Automobile

The composite fabric is a new type of automobile fabric in recent years.The three-layer composite fabric was made of different materials that were linen weaving fabric,knitting fabric and warp-knitted spacer fabric.Through testing performances of three different adhesives,the thermoplastic urethanes(TPU)hot melt powder was selected to adhere every fabric.Then,the laminating process was designed and applied.The optimized process conditions were following:the temperature was 150℃,the pressure was 2.0 N·cm-2,the time was 80 s,and the dosage of adhesive was 20 g·m-2.This new laminated fabric has multi-functions,such as comfortability,permeability and physic mechanical properties.This lamination process will be used to be the basis for the study of functional laminated car seat fabric.

Principle and Process Window of Cerium Dioxide Thin Film Fabrication with Dual Plasma Deposition

Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is a potentially superior material in a myriad of areas, and many methods have been proposed to deposit single crystal CeO2 thin films. A novel fabrication technique utilizing dual plasma generated by metal vacuum arc (MEVVA) and radio frequency (RF) is discussed in this paper. We have recently conducted a systematic investigation to determine the optimal process window to deposit CeO2 thin films'on Si(100) substrates. The X-ray diffraction results show the existence of CeO2(100) in the as-deposited sample.

Polyimide Humidity Integrated Sensor Fabricated Using the MEMS Process

This paper reports on the fabrication and sensing characteristics of Polyimide-based humidity sensor,based on that,a new integrated circuit of humidity measurement has been designed.It is a novel capacitive-type systems on a chip structure using the MEMS process.The results show that the new sensor presents sensing characteristics over a humidity range from 10%～70% RH at 20℃,and the sensor is able to fabricated together with ICs technology.The result shows that integration of humidity sensor with integrated circuit of humidity measurement is considerably easier when they are built in sensing groove.The appeal of a new structure like this brings the possibility of applications that would require the flexibility of simple screen printing.

Modeling of photolithography process in semiconductor wafer fabrication systems using extended hybrid Petri nets

To describe a semiconductor wafer fabrication flow availably, a new modeling method of extended hybrid Petri nets (EHPNs) was proposed. To model the discrete part and continuous part of a complex photolithography process, hybrid Petri nets (HPNs) were introduced. To cope with the complexity of a photolithography process, object-oriented methods such as encapsulation and classifications were integrated with HPN models. EHPN definitions were presented on the basis of HPN models and object-oriented methods. Object-oriented hybrid Petri subnet models were developed for each typical physical object and an EHPN modeling procedure steps were structured. To demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed modeling method, a real wafer photolithography case was used to illustrate the modeling procedure. The modeling results indicate that the EHPNs can deal with the dynamic modeling of a complex photolithography process effectively.

Assessing Gray Scale Grades for Color Change of Dyed Fabrics via Image Processing Technology

Gray scale grades for color change of dyed fabrics are assessed via image processing technology.Digital images of groups of specimens are obtained,cropped,and saved as JPEG format.Relationships between gray scale grades for color change and the corresponding color differences calculated via image processing technology are investigated,compared with those obtained from high accurate computer color matching system.Results show that the new method is acceptable with an accuracy of 92.0% when the grading errors are of not more than one grade.

Fabric Wetting and Wicking Measurement Based on Dynamic Image Acquisition and Processing

After a brief review of existing methods for fabric wetting and wicking measurement,a new numerical approach based on dynamic image acquisition and analysis was proposed to study the liquid wetting and wicking properties of woven fabrics.A measuring system was first developed to record on-site the images of liquid ascending in fabrics for a certain period of time.The hardware and software platforms and the experimental methods were described,and the image processing and analysis as well as other related algorithms were discussed in detail.The liquid front curves and rising rates in wetting and wicking were eventually obtained towards different fabrics.From liquid wicking curves,relationship between liquid ascending height and liquid ascending time agrees well with the Washburn theory.The data comparison between the numerical measurement and the traditional test proves the reliability of the numerical results.

Optimization of Finishing Process and Energy Savings in Denim Textile Facility

Denim is widely accepted among exported textile products due to its aesthetics, appearance, and fashion. Practitioners employed several physical or chemical treatments to improve denim qualities in denim finishing operations. So, several treatment processes, including enzymatic, bleaching, singeing, heat set, and ozone finish, are used, which made this processing more energy consumption and time-consuming. Therefore, it is significant to investigate how changing the chemicals and raw ingredients could improve the finishing process, which is environmentally and economically beneficial for sustainable production practices in the denim finishing process. This study’s research design comprises an experimental investigation in a denim plant in Bangladesh. Two different fabrics were chosen to analyze, determining the potential savings of finishing on the denim fabrics’ performance characteristics. By deducting singeing and heat-set processes, the researchers ran an experimental process by maintaining the same length of fabric. Then, the impacts of finishing process optimization on the mechanical, thermal, and comfort parameters of drape, stiffness, and tear strength were examined. The study’s findings demonstrated that this experiment increased productivity and reduced the finishing unit’s energy consumption without compromising the denim fabrics’ quality. This study significantly impacts environmental sustainability by preserving limited energy resources and manufacturing denim finishing processes.

Short wet-steam dyeing process of cotton fabrics with reactive dyes

The effects of Reactive Black 5 utilized to cotton fabrics by short wet-steam process on the dyeing properties were investigated. This study will provide a theoretical reference for short wet-steam process of cotton fabrics with bifunctional reactive dyes. The optimal amount of Selilao agent was 20 g/L, while the soaping and rubbing fastness of the dyed cotton fabrics were both reached to 4-5 rating.

Measuring Structural Parameters of Knitted Fabrics by Digital Image Processing Techniques

In the knitting industry the measurements of the stitch density and the stitch length are usually done manually, which may lead to lower efficiency and less definition and also bring subjective ideas into the test results. In order to improve the effect we can measure with Digital Image Processing Techniques. A piece of sample is scanned into computer and changed into a digital image, which is processed with media filtering. To acquire the power spectrum, the image in the spatial domain is converted into the frequency domain. Picking up the characteristic points describing the stitch density and the stitch length separately in the power spectra and reconstructing them, the values of the stitch density and the stitch length could be calculated. When measuring the stitch length, we should establish a geometric model of the stitch based on the digital image processing, which provides a method to transform the stitch length in the two-dimension space into the three-dimension space and to measure the value of the stitch length more accurately. This method also provides a new way to measure the stitch length without damaging the fabric.

用于三维机织物预成形变形预测的各向异性超弹性本构模型

随着三维机织物逐渐广泛应用在航空发动机叶片、机匣等复杂曲面结构的制造方面,预测三维碳纤维机织物在曲面结构制造的预成形过程中的复杂变形行为对提升纤维结构的成形质量具有重要意义。基于连续介质力学理论,本文提出一种各向异性超弹性本构模型描述三维机织物在成形过程中由于大变形所引起的各向异性力学变形行为。通过三维机织物的变形试验,建立了应变能密度函数,获取了三维机织物材料参数,并通过偏轴拉伸、半球冲压预成形有限元仿真与试验对比,验证了本文提出的超弹性本构模型的有效性。超弹性本构模型的提出可对三维机织物成形的有限元仿真模型与成形工艺优化设计起指导作用。

室内环境下多孔有机织物水汽输运问题的研究

为提高本科生借助仿真软件解决实际问题的能力,本文从一个简单的衣物晾晒的问题出发,采用假设-建模-仿真-分析的顺序介绍了针对室内环境下多孔有机织物水汽输运问题的研究模式,可以视为解决输运问题的典型案例.本文以图像的形式给出室内环境下多孔有机织物温度、相对湿度以及含水量随时间的变化关系,并通过改变初始条件(如通风面积、平均风速和环境温度)进一步探究环境参量对织物水汽输运的影响,对于学习输运过程理论以及提高实际运用能力都有一定的参考价值.

涤纶织物染色/吸湿排汗整理一浴法工艺探讨

通过对涤纶短纤织物吸湿速干整理剂/分散染料一浴法整理工艺的研究,探讨了吸湿快干整理剂用量对织物吸湿快干性及染色性能的影响,优化了一浴法的整理工艺。结果表明,当染浴中加入1.5%~2.0%浓度的HMW8870吸湿快干整理剂时,涤纶织物可以获得较好的吸湿快干性能,并可使织物获得良好的染色深度与耐洗色牢度,最佳整理工艺为:碱减量率为10%左右,HMW8870吸湿排汗整理剂的用量为1.5%~2.0%,染浴pH值为6.0左右,整理保温时间为50~60min。

改性蚕丝织物的胭脂虫红染色工艺探析

为使胭脂虫红上染蚕丝织物效果好,采用壳聚糖季铵盐(HACC)对蚕丝织物改性后,用胭脂虫红色素直接染色,探讨改性工艺。研究表明,最佳改性工艺条件为改性温度70℃,改性时间40 min,pH=5,HACC质量浓度4%。胭脂虫红对改性蚕丝织物进行直接染色,得出优化的染色工艺条件为染色温度80℃,染色时间40min,pH=7,染液质量浓度6%。在最佳的工艺条件下,对未改性及改性蚕丝织物进行直接染色和后媒染,用环保的氯化镧稀土为媒染剂,对染色织物的染色性能、色牢度进行测试。结果表明,HACC改性试样经过后媒染法染色,其染色性能、色牢度最好,对生态染整技术发展提供积极的意义。

高校课程过程化考核实践探索——以东南大学成贤学院《织物陈设设计》课程为例

当下,随着我国各行业发展的转型升级,当代高校教育改革也在持续深化与推进。创新人才培养方式,构建与人才培养目标相匹配的全过程、全方位、多元化模式的课程过程化考核评价体系对于人才培养质量的提升有着至关重要的作用。通过对东南大学成贤学院环境设计专业《织物陈设设计》课程的过程化考核改革的具体实施策略、改革创新、实践效果展开剖析,将不同考核环节与专业核心能力、第一层级延伸能力以及第二层级延伸能力三个层级能力进行关联,予以考核评价,构建出渐进式、循环式、多维度的过程化考核模式,以期对其他高校专业课程的过程化考核的改革践行给予一定的实践思路与方式借鉴。

保健衬衫面料的设计与生产

通过市场调研,在分析各种纺织纤维性能的基础上,选择大豆蛋白与棉纤维混纺经纱、竹纤维纬纱作为原料,设计一款保健、滑爽、透气的衬衫面料;介绍络筒、整经、浆纱、织造等工序的生产工艺参数,在实际生产中取得良好的效果。织机运转效率达到94.4%,下机一等品率达到76.3%,入库一等品率达到99.6%。实践证明:竹纤维良好的抗菌功能和大豆蛋白纤维良好的保健功能是保健衬衫面料设计的关键;合理设计织物紧度和织物组织是保证织物风格的前提;批量生产是新面料市场化的根本保证。

超吸水织物的制备及性能研究

以丙烯酸为单体,过硫酸钾、亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂,与聚乙烯醇共混,采用溶液聚合法制备了丙烯酸高聚物溶液,浸轧丙纶热熔无纺布织物,经烘干得到超吸水织物,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、同步热分析仪对超吸水织物的结构、形貌和热性能进行分析,考察了聚合反应水浴温度、丙烯酸中和度、聚乙烯醇添加量、带液率对吸水倍率的影响,并对吸水机理进行探讨。结果表明:在聚合反应水浴温度为75℃,丙烯酸中和度75%,聚乙烯醇添加量(对单体)为5%(质量分数),带液率为500%,烘干温度为120℃条件下,制备的超吸水织物吸蒸馏水倍率为109.82g/g。

生物基锦纶56织物活性染料“轧烘蒸”染色工艺

生物基锦纶56(PA56)织物活性染料染色已有研究,但染色工艺存在流程长、上染率低的问题。研究生物基PA56织物及其混纺织物的活性染料染色工艺,开发“轧烘蒸”染色新工艺。与常规活性染料染色工艺相比,新工艺缩短了工艺流程,实现了少盐染色;同时生物基PA56的上染率高,色牢度指标优异,提升了产品的一等品率。

基于光谱特征和图像处理的真丝织物光泽研究

在评价织物品质与风格时需要对织物的光泽感进行评价,基于图像处理的织物光泽评价技术较其他评价技术具有诸多优点,但在关键的织物图像光泽特征的构建上,仍需要进行研究。本文选用本白色真丝素绉缎织物作为浅色样本,蓝色和黑色真丝素绉缎织物作为深色样本,粉红色和棕色样本验证分析结论。通过真丝织物的光谱数据分析对光泽度主观评价的影响因素,并建立有效的织物光泽图像特征对织物光泽评价。本文通过对真丝织物的光谱数据分析,发现织物的颜色明度与主观评分相关性很低,颜色的色相显著影响主观评分结果。并且织物的波长反射率在530~560 nm改变时,对织物光泽的主观评分影响最大。以此建立的织物光泽图像特征,表明织物表面亮点与整体表面背景亮度的对比度是基于图像处理评价技术的关键之一。

大口径非球面镜面形加工环带提取

数控小工具是现代大口径非球面镜面研磨抛光加工中常用的一种计算机控制表面成形技术。在数控小工具加工实践中,当非球面面形精修到一定精度时,面形残差常常表现为环带形式,与相邻部分面形相差较大。为提高加工效率,可以针对这些环带使用小口径研抛工具进行单独修正,因此需要提取环带的位置和宽度。文章提出一种适用于大口径非球面镜的加工方法,通过将面形残差的高度信息映射到色彩空间成为图像,然后使用K-Means聚类分割图像,选择目标区间,得到待加工环带,此时可以计算出环带的宽度信息用于确定研抛工具的大小;另一方面,对环带提取骨架得到位置信息,从而生成数控机床可用的加工路径。该方法应用于1.6m望远镜非球面主镜面形的处理,从中提取了待加工环带信息用于指导面形加工,经多次加工与辅助平滑修抛迭代,主镜面形RMS值优于1/40波长。