Among the various techniques for enhancing the storage and consumption of energy in a thermal energy storage system,the establishment of thermal stratification in a hot-water container is an effective technology.The c...Among the various techniques for enhancing the storage and consumption of energy in a thermal energy storage system,the establishment of thermal stratification in a hot-water container is an effective technology.The current study aims to assess the performance of the thermal stratification for hot-water containers using(ANSYS Fluent)R.1.0,2022,through the study of the impact of different numbers of paraffin-filled containers,namely 3,5,and 7,that are equivalent to 5,7,and 9 kg of paraffin,respectively.To validate the present numerical model,a comparison between the current study results and the experimental findings from the literature was conducted,and the results demonstrated that there was a good approval between these results.The results of this study depict that the profile temperature at the outlet of the container indicates an enhancement in the Richardson number and stratification number by 37.9%and 45.8%,respectively,when the charging process is finished.Furthermore,increasing the number of paraffin-filled containers from 5 to 9 results in a 29.9%improvement in charging efficiency,resulting in an improvement in storage efficiency.Finally,the results have proven that the 3D CFD approach is a highly beneficial tool to assess the effect of PCM mass on stratification performance in a hot-water container.展开更多
The study was conducted in Zhifanggou Watershed,Shaanxi Province,China,to evaluate the effect of different vegetation types on hot-water extractable C,N and P fractions,with the aim to determine whether hot-water extr...The study was conducted in Zhifanggou Watershed,Shaanxi Province,China,to evaluate the effect of different vegetation types on hot-water extractable C,N and P fractions,with the aim to determine whether hot-water extractable fractions could be used as indicators of soil quality change in Loess Plateau.The six vegetation types established in 1975 were（i） Robinia pseudoacacia L.,（ii） Caragana korshinkii Kom.,（iii） Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.,（iv） P.tabulaeformis-Amorpha fruticosa L.,（v） R.pseudoacacia-A.fruticosa,and（vi） grassland.A cropped hillslope plot and a Platycladus orientalis L.native forest plot were used as references.The results indicated that the conversion of native forest to cropland resulted in a significant decline in the hot-water extractable C,N and P fractions.Hot-water extractable C,N,and P increased when cultivated land was revegetated,but after 30 years the amount of hot-water extractable C,N,and P in revegetated fields was still much lower compared to native forest.Hot-water extractable fractions increased more under mixed-forest than under pure-forest stands.Furthermore,there was a significant correlation between the hot-water extractable fractions and soil chemical and microbiological properties.The results showed that hot-water extractable fractions could be used as indicators of soil quality change on the Loess Plateau.展开更多
The concept of integrated forest biorefineries(IFBRs) has gained significant interest.The prehydrolysis kraft(PHK) dissolving pulp production process is a suitable example of IFBR concept for the production of dissolv...The concept of integrated forest biorefineries(IFBRs) has gained significant interest.The prehydrolysis kraft(PHK) dissolving pulp production process is a suitable example of IFBR concept for the production of dissolving pulp and utilization of dissolved hemicelluloses,acetic acid,and lignin in the prehydrolysis liquor(PHL).This review paper highlights recent progress related to the recovery and utilization of dissolved organics(e.g.,hemicelluloses,acetic acid,and lignin) in the PHL of the PHK dissolving pulp production process.Integrated multi-step recovery and separation processes have been developed for this purpose to accommodate the complex nature of the PHL.Potential products,including xylan-based compounds,acetic acid,and lignin,are also discussed in detail.展开更多
Bamboo was used as raw material for unbleached pulp production.An acetic acid prehydrolysis process was employed before the pulping process.The effect of acetic acid prehydrolysis on pulp properties was investigated.T...Bamboo was used as raw material for unbleached pulp production.An acetic acid prehydrolysis process was employed before the pulping process.The effect of acetic acid prehydrolysis on pulp properties was investigated.The results showed that some components,such as hemicellulose and extractives,were degraded or dissolved in the prehydrolysis process prior to kraft pulping.SEM images of the substrate after treatment indicated that the parenchyma cell wall was thinner,and the size of pores between fiber bundle cell walls was larger.The pulping results showed that acetic acid prehydrolysis could improve the pulp quality and make the pulp easier to bleach.The brightness of the pulp reached 59.6%ISO with a single oxygen delignification step.The acetic acid prehydrolysis decreased pulp viscosity and fiber length,but not significantly.The amount of parenchyma cells in the pulp was reduced,which was beneficial for papermaking and improving mechanical strength of paper.This procedure has good potential for unbleached pulp production.展开更多
In this study, effects of hot water extract of Paecilomyces hepiali mycelia on hypertension parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. The tested parameters included blood pressure, blood a...In this study, effects of hot water extract of Paecilomyces hepiali mycelia on hypertension parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. The tested parameters included blood pressure, blood and urine biochemical composition, renin and angiotensin II levels in the blood. Prior to these tests, the extract was examined for toxicity. The fungus was cultivated in a solid medium composed of 40 g brown rice, 0.32 g glucose, 0.65 g sucrose, 2 g peptone and 65 ml corn steep liquor. No abnormality or harmful effects were observed in the toxicity test. Administration of a continuous-dose, once daily, to SHR for 27 weeks (from 13 weeks of age) decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly. Levels of blood urea nitrogen, β-lipoprotein lipid peroxides and low density lipoprotein were significantly lower in the treated groups when compared to the control group. Urinary protein was significantly reduced in the middle and high dose groups. In comparison with the control group (0 mg/kg/10ml/day), significantly higher values were obtained for total cholesterol in groups that were given middle (170 mg/kg/10ml/day) and high (250 mg/kg/10ml/day) dosages. In all dosages (low, middle and high) the values for triglyceride were significantly higher than value found in the control group. In terms of angiotensin II levels, the value in the control group was markedly higher than values in the other groups. The results suggest that oral administration of hot water extract of P. hepiali mycelia has ability to control hypertension in rats.展开更多
文摘Among the various techniques for enhancing the storage and consumption of energy in a thermal energy storage system,the establishment of thermal stratification in a hot-water container is an effective technology.The current study aims to assess the performance of the thermal stratification for hot-water containers using(ANSYS Fluent)R.1.0,2022,through the study of the impact of different numbers of paraffin-filled containers,namely 3,5,and 7,that are equivalent to 5,7,and 9 kg of paraffin,respectively.To validate the present numerical model,a comparison between the current study results and the experimental findings from the literature was conducted,and the results demonstrated that there was a good approval between these results.The results of this study depict that the profile temperature at the outlet of the container indicates an enhancement in the Richardson number and stratification number by 37.9%and 45.8%,respectively,when the charging process is finished.Furthermore,increasing the number of paraffin-filled containers from 5 to 9 results in a 29.9%improvement in charging efficiency,resulting in an improvement in storage efficiency.Finally,the results have proven that the 3D CFD approach is a highly beneficial tool to assess the effect of PCM mass on stratification performance in a hot-water container.
基金financially supported by the Strategic Technology Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(XDA05060300)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2011KJXX63)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(ZD2013021)
文摘The study was conducted in Zhifanggou Watershed,Shaanxi Province,China,to evaluate the effect of different vegetation types on hot-water extractable C,N and P fractions,with the aim to determine whether hot-water extractable fractions could be used as indicators of soil quality change in Loess Plateau.The six vegetation types established in 1975 were（i） Robinia pseudoacacia L.,（ii） Caragana korshinkii Kom.,（iii） Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.,（iv） P.tabulaeformis-Amorpha fruticosa L.,（v） R.pseudoacacia-A.fruticosa,and（vi） grassland.A cropped hillslope plot and a Platycladus orientalis L.native forest plot were used as references.The results indicated that the conversion of native forest to cropland resulted in a significant decline in the hot-water extractable C,N and P fractions.Hot-water extractable C,N,and P increased when cultivated land was revegetated,but after 30 years the amount of hot-water extractable C,N,and P in revegetated fields was still much lower compared to native forest.Hot-water extractable fractions increased more under mixed-forest than under pure-forest stands.Furthermore,there was a significant correlation between the hot-water extractable fractions and soil chemical and microbiological properties.The results showed that hot-water extractable fractions could be used as indicators of soil quality change on the Loess Plateau.
文摘The concept of integrated forest biorefineries(IFBRs) has gained significant interest.The prehydrolysis kraft(PHK) dissolving pulp production process is a suitable example of IFBR concept for the production of dissolving pulp and utilization of dissolved hemicelluloses,acetic acid,and lignin in the prehydrolysis liquor(PHL).This review paper highlights recent progress related to the recovery and utilization of dissolved organics(e.g.,hemicelluloses,acetic acid,and lignin) in the PHL of the PHK dissolving pulp production process.Integrated multi-step recovery and separation processes have been developed for this purpose to accommodate the complex nature of the PHL.Potential products,including xylan-based compounds,acetic acid,and lignin,are also discussed in detail.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570569)
文摘Bamboo was used as raw material for unbleached pulp production.An acetic acid prehydrolysis process was employed before the pulping process.The effect of acetic acid prehydrolysis on pulp properties was investigated.The results showed that some components,such as hemicellulose and extractives,were degraded or dissolved in the prehydrolysis process prior to kraft pulping.SEM images of the substrate after treatment indicated that the parenchyma cell wall was thinner,and the size of pores between fiber bundle cell walls was larger.The pulping results showed that acetic acid prehydrolysis could improve the pulp quality and make the pulp easier to bleach.The brightness of the pulp reached 59.6%ISO with a single oxygen delignification step.The acetic acid prehydrolysis decreased pulp viscosity and fiber length,but not significantly.The amount of parenchyma cells in the pulp was reduced,which was beneficial for papermaking and improving mechanical strength of paper.This procedure has good potential for unbleached pulp production.
文摘In this study, effects of hot water extract of Paecilomyces hepiali mycelia on hypertension parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. The tested parameters included blood pressure, blood and urine biochemical composition, renin and angiotensin II levels in the blood. Prior to these tests, the extract was examined for toxicity. The fungus was cultivated in a solid medium composed of 40 g brown rice, 0.32 g glucose, 0.65 g sucrose, 2 g peptone and 65 ml corn steep liquor. No abnormality or harmful effects were observed in the toxicity test. Administration of a continuous-dose, once daily, to SHR for 27 weeks (from 13 weeks of age) decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly. Levels of blood urea nitrogen, β-lipoprotein lipid peroxides and low density lipoprotein were significantly lower in the treated groups when compared to the control group. Urinary protein was significantly reduced in the middle and high dose groups. In comparison with the control group (0 mg/kg/10ml/day), significantly higher values were obtained for total cholesterol in groups that were given middle (170 mg/kg/10ml/day) and high (250 mg/kg/10ml/day) dosages. In all dosages (low, middle and high) the values for triglyceride were significantly higher than value found in the control group. In terms of angiotensin II levels, the value in the control group was markedly higher than values in the other groups. The results suggest that oral administration of hot water extract of P. hepiali mycelia has ability to control hypertension in rats.
