The inhibition effect of chitooligosaccharides from housefly larvae on pathogens ofcrops seeds, fruits or vegetables was studied and the main factors influencing theantimicrobial activity of chitooligosaccharides were...The inhibition effect of chitooligosaccharides from housefly larvae on pathogens ofcrops seeds, fruits or vegetables was studied and the main factors influencing theantimicrobial activity of chitooligosaccharides were also investigated. It was foundthat chitooligosaccharides from housefly larvae had wide spectrum fungistasis. It canstrongly inhibit the development of 31 kinds of plant pathogenic fungi such as corticiumrolfsii Saccardo. The results indicated that the degree of deacelylation (DD) or theaverage molecular weight(MW)of chitooligosaccharides were related to the antimicrobialactivity. The antimicrobial activity increased with the rising of DD or the declining ofMW. Pot culture results showed that chitooligosaccharide could enhance the rate ofgermination and emergence of the seeds of maize, wheat and cotton. Chitooligosaccharidehad certain effect on corn southern leaf blight caused by Helminthosporium maydis.展开更多
Amaranth is one of the most consumed vegetables in Niger Republic because of its nutritional values. However, the production of this plant requires nutrient-rich soils that are becoming scarce in most agricultural soi...Amaranth is one of the most consumed vegetables in Niger Republic because of its nutritional values. However, the production of this plant requires nutrient-rich soils that are becoming scarce in most agricultural soils in Niger. This study aims to evaluate the fertilizing potential of the maggot production residue of Musca domestica L. 1758 and bovine excrement on the agronomic parameters of Amaranthus cruentus L., 1759. To do this, four densities (50, 100, 150, 200 g) of maggot production residue and bovine excrement were tested. Stem length, neck diameter and leaf number were strongly influenced by the interaction of the type of treatment (maggot production residue and bovine excrement) and dose. Dose 50 and dose 150 gave the best performance in length and diameter respectively for residue (length = 42.24 ± 8.98 cm;diameter = 0.88 ± 0.17 cm) and bovine droppings (length = 39.29 ± 8.10;diameter = 0.98 ± 0.77). On the leaf number side, no significant differences were observed between the doses for the residue. For bovine excrement, this number was higher at the 150 g dose (28.12 ± 4.98). The effect of the residue and bovine excrement on each corresponding dose shows that, for the stem length, only the 50 g dose was statistically influenced by the latter (P < 0.001). On the neck diameter side, only the 50 g and 100 g doses were statistically influenced by bovine residue and excrement (dose 50 g: P < 0.001;dose 100 g: P < 0.001). For each of these doses, the residue recorded the best performance both for the length of the rod and for the diameter at the collar. On the leaf number side, only the dose 50 g and 150 g varied statistically according to the type of fertilizer. At the 50 g dose, the residue recorded the largest number of leaves (27.10 ± 11.15), but the residue recorded the lowest number of leaves at the 100 g dose (21.01 ± 5.99). Foliar and root biomass varied statistically according to the dose within each fertilizer (foliar biomass: residue: P = 0.040;bovine excrement: P < 0.001;root biomass: residue: P < 0.001;bovine excrement: P < 0.001). The highest leaf biomass was obtained with doses 50 and 150 respectively for residue (155.00 ± 33.91 g) and bovine excrement (123.20 ± 20.57 g). The 150 g dose gave the best root biomass performance for the residue. For bovine excrement, the dose of 150 g and 200 g gave (without any significant difference between them) the best performance in root biomass with 21.80 ± 5.48 g and 21.50 ± 4.74 g respectively. The effect of residue and bovine excrement on each corresponding dose shows that, for foliar biomass, dose 50 and 100 g were statistically influenced by the latter (dose 50: P < 0.001;dose 100: P < 0.001). At each of these doses, the residue recorded the highest leaf biomass. For root biomass, each dose was statistically influenced by the type of fertilizer except dose 200 (P = 0.616). For each of these doses, maggot production residue gave better root biomass performance than bovine excrement except for dose 200 where no difference between the two fertilizers was observed (residue = 20.50 ± 3.97 g and dung = 21.50 ± 4.74 g). It appeared from this that the 50 g dose was to be the optimal dose of maggot production residue to bring for a better growth of amaranth plants. Whereas, this optimal dose is 150 g for the bovine droppings used in the present study.展开更多
The significant increase in the demand for biomass waste treatment after garbage classification has led to housefly larvae treatment becoming an attractive treatment option.It can provide a source of protein while tre...The significant increase in the demand for biomass waste treatment after garbage classification has led to housefly larvae treatment becoming an attractive treatment option.It can provide a source of protein while treating biomass waste,which means that nutrients can be returned to the natural food chain.However,the performance of this technology in terms of its environmental impacts is still unclear,particularly with regards to global warming potential(GWP).This study used a life cycle assessment(LCA)approach to assess a housefly larvae treatment plant with a treatment capacity of 50 tons of biomass waste per day.The LCA results showed that the 95% confidence intervals for the GWP in summer and winter were determined to be 24.46-32.81 kg CO_(2) equivalent(CO_(2)-eq)/ton biomass waste and5.37-10.08 kg CO_(2)-eq/ton biomass waste,respectively.The greater GWP value in summer is due to the longer ventilation time and higher ventilation intensity in summer,which consumes more power.The main GWP contributions are from(1)electricity needs(accounting for 78.6% of emissions in summer and 70.2%in winter)and(2)product substitution by mature housefly larvae and compost(both summer and winter accounting for 96.8% of carbon reduction).展开更多
Defensin is a kind of cationic, inducible antimicrobial peptide found in a large range of living organisms that contributes to host defense by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of microorganisms. With their broad an...Defensin is a kind of cationic, inducible antimicrobial peptide found in a large range of living organisms that contributes to host defense by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of microorganisms. With their broad antimicrobial spectrum and strong pharmaceutical effects, antimicrobial peptides, including defensins, represent a source of novel antibiotic agents. A novel full-length 430 base pairs cDNA of an insect defensin was cloned using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the cDNA library of houseflies (Musca domestica) that had been challenged by E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Sequence analysis revealed that the open reading frame of the cDNA encoded a 92-amino acid peptide, which contained an NH 2-terminal signal sequence (1-22) followed by a propeptide and the mature peptide (53-92). The sequence identity with other insect defensin is between 51% and 73%. The mature peptide, with a predicted molecular weight of 4\^0 kDa, and pI of 8\^69, has 1 negative charged amino acid and 4 positice ones. The putative housefly defensin is characterized by 6 invariant cysteine residues forming 3 disulfide bonds, Cys1-Cys4, Cys2-Cys5 and Cys3-Cys6. These results suggest that the novel full-length cDNA of the defensin gene, denominated Mdde, has been successfully cloned from houseflies.展开更多
文摘The inhibition effect of chitooligosaccharides from housefly larvae on pathogens ofcrops seeds, fruits or vegetables was studied and the main factors influencing theantimicrobial activity of chitooligosaccharides were also investigated. It was foundthat chitooligosaccharides from housefly larvae had wide spectrum fungistasis. It canstrongly inhibit the development of 31 kinds of plant pathogenic fungi such as corticiumrolfsii Saccardo. The results indicated that the degree of deacelylation (DD) or theaverage molecular weight(MW)of chitooligosaccharides were related to the antimicrobialactivity. The antimicrobial activity increased with the rising of DD or the declining ofMW. Pot culture results showed that chitooligosaccharide could enhance the rate ofgermination and emergence of the seeds of maize, wheat and cotton. Chitooligosaccharidehad certain effect on corn southern leaf blight caused by Helminthosporium maydis.
文摘Amaranth is one of the most consumed vegetables in Niger Republic because of its nutritional values. However, the production of this plant requires nutrient-rich soils that are becoming scarce in most agricultural soils in Niger. This study aims to evaluate the fertilizing potential of the maggot production residue of Musca domestica L. 1758 and bovine excrement on the agronomic parameters of Amaranthus cruentus L., 1759. To do this, four densities (50, 100, 150, 200 g) of maggot production residue and bovine excrement were tested. Stem length, neck diameter and leaf number were strongly influenced by the interaction of the type of treatment (maggot production residue and bovine excrement) and dose. Dose 50 and dose 150 gave the best performance in length and diameter respectively for residue (length = 42.24 ± 8.98 cm;diameter = 0.88 ± 0.17 cm) and bovine droppings (length = 39.29 ± 8.10;diameter = 0.98 ± 0.77). On the leaf number side, no significant differences were observed between the doses for the residue. For bovine excrement, this number was higher at the 150 g dose (28.12 ± 4.98). The effect of the residue and bovine excrement on each corresponding dose shows that, for the stem length, only the 50 g dose was statistically influenced by the latter (P < 0.001). On the neck diameter side, only the 50 g and 100 g doses were statistically influenced by bovine residue and excrement (dose 50 g: P < 0.001;dose 100 g: P < 0.001). For each of these doses, the residue recorded the best performance both for the length of the rod and for the diameter at the collar. On the leaf number side, only the dose 50 g and 150 g varied statistically according to the type of fertilizer. At the 50 g dose, the residue recorded the largest number of leaves (27.10 ± 11.15), but the residue recorded the lowest number of leaves at the 100 g dose (21.01 ± 5.99). Foliar and root biomass varied statistically according to the dose within each fertilizer (foliar biomass: residue: P = 0.040;bovine excrement: P < 0.001;root biomass: residue: P < 0.001;bovine excrement: P < 0.001). The highest leaf biomass was obtained with doses 50 and 150 respectively for residue (155.00 ± 33.91 g) and bovine excrement (123.20 ± 20.57 g). The 150 g dose gave the best root biomass performance for the residue. For bovine excrement, the dose of 150 g and 200 g gave (without any significant difference between them) the best performance in root biomass with 21.80 ± 5.48 g and 21.50 ± 4.74 g respectively. The effect of residue and bovine excrement on each corresponding dose shows that, for foliar biomass, dose 50 and 100 g were statistically influenced by the latter (dose 50: P < 0.001;dose 100: P < 0.001). At each of these doses, the residue recorded the highest leaf biomass. For root biomass, each dose was statistically influenced by the type of fertilizer except dose 200 (P = 0.616). For each of these doses, maggot production residue gave better root biomass performance than bovine excrement except for dose 200 where no difference between the two fertilizers was observed (residue = 20.50 ± 3.97 g and dung = 21.50 ± 4.74 g). It appeared from this that the 50 g dose was to be the optimal dose of maggot production residue to bring for a better growth of amaranth plants. Whereas, this optimal dose is 150 g for the bovine droppings used in the present study.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD1100600)Shanghai Municipal Government State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission(No.2022028)。
文摘The significant increase in the demand for biomass waste treatment after garbage classification has led to housefly larvae treatment becoming an attractive treatment option.It can provide a source of protein while treating biomass waste,which means that nutrients can be returned to the natural food chain.However,the performance of this technology in terms of its environmental impacts is still unclear,particularly with regards to global warming potential(GWP).This study used a life cycle assessment(LCA)approach to assess a housefly larvae treatment plant with a treatment capacity of 50 tons of biomass waste per day.The LCA results showed that the 95% confidence intervals for the GWP in summer and winter were determined to be 24.46-32.81 kg CO_(2) equivalent(CO_(2)-eq)/ton biomass waste and5.37-10.08 kg CO_(2)-eq/ton biomass waste,respectively.The greater GWP value in summer is due to the longer ventilation time and higher ventilation intensity in summer,which consumes more power.The main GWP contributions are from(1)electricity needs(accounting for 78.6% of emissions in summer and 70.2%in winter)and(2)product substitution by mature housefly larvae and compost(both summer and winter accounting for 96.8% of carbon reduction).
文摘Defensin is a kind of cationic, inducible antimicrobial peptide found in a large range of living organisms that contributes to host defense by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of microorganisms. With their broad antimicrobial spectrum and strong pharmaceutical effects, antimicrobial peptides, including defensins, represent a source of novel antibiotic agents. A novel full-length 430 base pairs cDNA of an insect defensin was cloned using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the cDNA library of houseflies (Musca domestica) that had been challenged by E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Sequence analysis revealed that the open reading frame of the cDNA encoded a 92-amino acid peptide, which contained an NH 2-terminal signal sequence (1-22) followed by a propeptide and the mature peptide (53-92). The sequence identity with other insect defensin is between 51% and 73%. The mature peptide, with a predicted molecular weight of 4\^0 kDa, and pI of 8\^69, has 1 negative charged amino acid and 4 positice ones. The putative housefly defensin is characterized by 6 invariant cysteine residues forming 3 disulfide bonds, Cys1-Cys4, Cys2-Cys5 and Cys3-Cys6. These results suggest that the novel full-length cDNA of the defensin gene, denominated Mdde, has been successfully cloned from houseflies.
