Low-temperature conformal vacuum deposition of OLED devices using close-space sublimation

Close-space sublimation(CSS)has been demonstrated as an alternative vacuum deposition technique for fabricating organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).CSS utilizes a planar donor plate pre-coated with organic thin films as an area source to rapidly transfer the donor film to a device substrate at temperatures below 200℃.CSS is also conformal and capable of depositing on odd-shaped substrates using flexible donor media.The evaporation behaviors of organic donor films under CSS were fully characterized using model OLED materials and CSS-deposited films exhibited comparable device performances in an OLED stack to films deposited by conventional point sources.The low temperature and conformal nature of CSS,along with its high material utilization and short process time,make it a promising method for fabricating flexible OLED displays.

Study on the processing technology of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua decoction pieces based on softening method and drying method

Background:To optimize the steaming processing technology of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua(PC)decoction pieces.Methods:The softening method and drying method of PC decoction pieces were studied with Polygonatum Polysaccharide(PCP),diosgenin combined extract as quantitative indexes.The process parameters such as softening time,drying temperature and drying time were determined,and the best processing technology of PC decoction pieces was optimized.Results:Among the three softening methods of PC,the infiltration method had the highest ranking,with an average comprehensive index of 0.9496,and the softening effect was the best.Among the three drying methods,the drying effect of the hot air drying method was the best,and the average comprehensive index was 0.8233.Conclusion:The infiltration method is the best softening method for PC decoction pieces,and the hot air drying method is the best drying method for PC decoction pieces.

Effects of different processing methods on the quality of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua

Background:In this study,we explored the effects of different processing methods on the quality of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua(PC),and the role of Huangjiu in the processing procedure.Methods:The sensory characteristics of the crude product,steamed product,and wine-processed product of PC were described.The colorimeter was used to analyze the chromatic values of three different processed products on PC.At the same time,the contents of the water extract and alcohol extract were measured separately.The content of three different processing Polygonatum Polysaccharide(PCP)was determined using 0.2%anthrone-sulfuric acid.The correlation difference between the chromatic values and chemical composition of different PC products was analyzed using various analytical methods.Results:The surface colors gradually deepened,the sweetness increased,the viscosity strengthened,and the tongue-numbing sensation disappeared after PC processing.The contents of extract and L^(*) gradually decreased from the crude to the steamed to the wine-processed product,consistent with the pattern of surface color alteration.While,E^(*)ab gradually increased.The content of PCP was crude product>wine-processed product>steamed product.The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that the samples processed for crude,steamed,and wine-processed product were clustered into three classes.The correlation analysis showed that L^(*)and E^(*)ab were highly significant positively correlated with the content of PCP,and a*was significantly negatively correlated with the content of PCP.Conclusion:The results showed that the wine-processed product had the best quality.The internal quality of the PC was correlated with its characteristics and chromatic value.In this study,we investigated the internal and external quality of three different products of PC in order to provide a reference for further research on the impact of different processing methods on PC quality,the standardization of PC processing,and the role of Huangjiu in the processing of PC.

A Preliminary Study of Yeats' Lyrics of Sublimation

Yeats' lyrics of sublimation is one of his major concerns in his later years. Sublimation for Yeats is essentially the transmutation and elevation of bitterness and tragic facts of being into happiness, into tranquility of mind, then into the emotionless emotion, as Yeats names it as "innocence". The process of sublimation enriches the creativity of Yeats as artist when he is confronted with severity of aging spiritually and physically.

Low-Angle Grain Boundaries in Sublimation Grown 6H-SiC Crystals

High-resolution X-ray diffractometry(HRXRD)was used to assess the quality of 6H-SiC crystals grown by sublimation method.The results show the occurrence of low-angle grain boundaries(LB)is close relative to the inclination of the crystal interface.At the central faceted region with 0°inclination the crystal is of high structural perfection.However,at the region close to the facet with less than 5°inclination LB occurs slightly and at the region close to the peripheral polytype ring with more than 5°inclination LB defect occurs heavily.The density of LB can be drastically reduced by decreasing radial temperature gradient that determines the shape of the crystal growth interface.

Physical Properties in Drying of Food Products with Combined Sublimation and Evaporation

Drying is an important unit operation in processing of biological resources. The drying process may influence the product properties and quality, which may shrink, break or undergo rheological, physical and biochemical changes. The important parameters responsible for such changes are drying conditions, type of drying technology and residence drying time. Thermal conductivity, thermal-mass diffusivity, enthalpy, porosity and density are the main material property and heat-mass transfer parameters, which are essential for understanding the changes in product quality and for designing and dimensioning the drying processes. In this paper physical properties of food products undergoing a combined sublimation and evaporation were studied. Pieces of vegetables and potatoes were dried in a heat pump fluidized bed dryer at combined modes with temperatures below the freezing point in the beginning and a final drying step at temperatures above the freezing point. Samples of products were tested at different moisture contents with respect to physical properties. Physical properties of leek and potato samples were measured and mass diffusivities were determined from drying kinetic data. Based on bulk density and rehydration measurements it was clearly observed that drying temperature and modes influenced the final product physical properties. The potato cube run dried with initial atmospheric freeze-drying step had rehydration ability 430%above a run dried only above the freezing point. The average effective mass diffusivity for 5 mm slabs of leek was 0.5 x 10-11m2·s-1 for the sublimation stage and 2.2 x 10-11m2·s-1 for the evaporation stage.

CdTe Films Deposited by Closed-space Sublimation

CdTe films are prepared by closed-space sublimation technology. Dependence of film crystalline on substrate materials and substrate temperature is investigated. It is found that films exhibit higher crystallinity at substrate temperature higher than 400 ℃. And the CdTe films deposited on CdS films with higher crystallinity have bigger crystallite and higher uniformity. Treatment with CdCl 2 methanol solution promotes the crystallite growth of CdTe films during annealing.

Calculated Lattice Energies of Energetic Materials in a Prediction of their Heats of Fusion and Sublimation

The paper specifies an unambiguous basic relationship between the published results of ab initio calculations of lattice energies, E L,and heats of sublimation, ΔH s,of individual energetic materials. In this relationship,the ΔH s value has been replaced by heats of fusion, ΔH m,tr . Thereby its unambiguity has been lost,and the similarity of details of molecular structure begins to be of decisive importance. The resulting partial relationships,together with the basic relationship,have been used for prediction of ΔH s,and ΔH m,tr values of technically attractive polynitro compounds.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FILM COOLING EFFECTIVENESS AND HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT BY NAPHTHALENE SUBLIMATION

Based on the linearity of the heat transfer coefficient and dimensionless temperature ratio, and analogy between heat and mass transfer, an experimental study on film cooling characteristic was carried out with a novel naphthalene sublimation. In general, cooling effectiveness distributions have been obtained on adiabatic surface, but separate testing on a non adiabatic wall is required to determine the heat transfer coefficient distribution. This novel naphthalene sublimation, which is different from previous heat transfer or analogy method, can measure both cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient together with the same test section. The results show well by being compared with other references.

Effective Increase of Crystal Area during Sublimation Growth of 6H-SiC by Using the Cone-shaped Baffle

A novel design of crucible is proposed in this paper for the growth of SiC crystals. The relation between grown crystal shape and temperature distribution in a growth chamber was discussed. It is pointed out that the crystal shape had a close relationship with temperature distribution. The calculations suggested that the radial temperature field of the growing crystal became homogenous by setting up the cone-shaped baffle in the growth chamber. By modifying the crucible design and temperature distribution in the growth chamber, it is possible to enhance the enlargement of crystal, and also possible to keep grown surface flat.

Hero Hua Mulan With a Thousand Faces:Why Chinese Stories Can Move the World?Evidence From a Global Cross-Cultural Interview Survey

While people from Western countries do not always understand of the underlying cultural values of most Chinese stories,the Hua Mulan story has gained significant recognition from Western audiences.Therefore,it would be quite beneficial if we could understand the key elements that have contributed to the success of the Hua Mulan story so that we can employ similar elements in other intercultural communication programs and promote the communication and dissemination of cultures between China and the rest of the world.According to the findings from the interviews of 6,130 respondents from 107 countries,we found that the Hua Mulan story gains global acceptance because it represents a story of“a hero with a thousand faces,”which embodies the integration of Chinese traditions and contemporary spirit through sharing a global meaning while responding to various culturally common challenges.Five key cultural value dimensions are responsible for this Chinese story’s cross-cultural affinity and influence,which helped it win recognition and empathy worldwide.The five key cultural value dimensions are loyalty and patriotism,the courage to take responsibility,compatibility of individualism and collectivism,respondence to the multicultural appeal,and hero growth.These dimensions are then generalized as the value identity orientation grounded in a Global Shared Meaning(GSM)in this study.

Continual Process of Self-Making： Hester Prynne＇s Life Is an Instance of Sublimation

This paper attempts to demonstrate Hester Prynne＇s, in Nathaniel Hawthorne＇s romantic work of fiction The Scarlet Letter （1994）, sublimation of her sexual impulses into identifying with the socially acceptable humanitarian actions, and societal demands in order to avoid the confrontation with the scorn of the people of Boston, her sexual urge, and with her weakness. Hester＇s libidinal energy was channeled into socially approved activities in her self-devoted years that made up her identity and reality. The scarlet letter ceased to be a stigma which once attracted the world＇s scorn and bitterness, later looked upon with reverence, and transformed into a thing to be sorrowed over. She had not ignored a large part of reality of her life （the past and present）. If she ignored her past she would entirely detach it from the present. She integrated her stigma into her life in the continual process of self-making, and thereby projecting herself into the future

新西兰无居民海岛管理机制及其启示--以Tūhua岛为例

为了解新西兰无居民海岛管理机制,为我国相关工作提供借鉴,本文探讨新西兰Tūhua岛的管理特点,并分析其对我国无居民海岛管理工作的启示。研究结果表明,新西兰政府在开发保护Tūhua岛的过程中,充分考虑该岛无定居居民的特点和对毛利原住民的关切,其管理呈现主体多元有序,保护而不隔绝,尊重并吸收毛利习俗,各界深入参与等特点。结合国情,参照新西兰对Tūhua岛的管理经验,我国应建立完善的海岛政策制度体系,完善多部门协同管理机制,推进登记确权,推动民间力量和专业学会参与,为开发利用行为设定具体限制规范。

花宝金教授调气解毒理论防治放射性肺炎的临证思路

放射性肺炎是由于辐射之火热毒邪袭肺,导致热毒内盛,气阴两虚,瘀血阻络,气机失调。其中热毒内盛,气机失调是核心病机。花宝金教授基于调气解毒理论,灵活运用清热解毒,益气养阴,活血化瘀,调畅气机等治法,同时注重局部与整体相结合,辨证辨病相结合,在放射性肺炎的预防期未病先防,急性期既病防变,恢复期瘥后防复,为防治放射性肺炎提供了新的临证思路,具有较好的临床价值。

炒僵蚕鉴别方法研究

目的:基于显微鉴别技术、微量升华技术和薄层色谱技术,建立炒僵蚕饮片的鉴别方法。方法:依据显微鉴别法,对炒僵蚕粉末的显微特征进行描述;采用微量升华法,对炒僵蚕升华物结晶状态进行描述;采用薄层色谱法,僵蚕对照药材和伪品为对照,对炒僵蚕进行薄层色谱鉴别。结果:炒僵蚕粉末呈黄褐色,在显微镜下清晰可见菌丝体、体壁碎片、刚毛、未消化的桑叶组织、草酸钙簇晶、草酸钙方晶及导管等结构,与僵蚕对照药材类似;炒僵蚕的升华物呈霜花状、羽状结晶,与僵蚕对照药材类似;TLC图中,斑点清晰、专属性好。结论:该方法快速、易操作、专属性好,可作为炒僵蚕饮片的鉴别方法,并为提高鉴别标准提供参考。

多花黄精种子生理后熟过程的生理变化及基因表达模式分析

【目的】探明多花黄精种子生理后熟过程中生理生化变化规律及差异基因表达情况。【方法】以多花黄精种子生理后熟过程6个阶段的种子为材料,采用化学测定方法,分析每个阶段的超氧化物歧化酶、α淀粉酶、β淀粉酶、可溶性蛋白、粗脂肪、可溶性糖含量。采用高通量转录组测序技术,对6个阶段的差异表达基因进行分析,并用qRT-PCR法对关键差异基因的表达量进行验证。【结果】(1)多花黄精种子生理后熟过程中,可溶性糖含量在前4个时期逐渐增高后,在后两个时期稍有下降;粗脂肪、蛋白质整体呈下降趋势;α-淀粉酶活性及β-淀粉酶活性呈现增强趋势。(2)多花黄精种子生理后熟过程中,蔗糖和淀粉代谢途径、激素信号转导通路等显著富集差异表达基因。【结论】多花黄精种子生理后熟过程中,淀粉等营养物质的代谢、转化与内源激素的协调作用,促进多花黄精种子的生理后熟。

真空冷冻干燥升华温度对玉米种子品质的影响

本文采用真空冷冻干燥机对玉米种子进行冷冻干燥处理,研究不同升华温度(3℃、5℃、7℃、9℃)条件下其物性指标(含水率、容重、出碴率、颗粒度指数、裂纹率、最大力、最大力点变形)和活性指标(发芽率、呼吸强度、相对导电率)的变化规律。研究结果表明:玉米种子的含水率、容重、出碴率、最大力、最大力点变形随升华温度升高先降低后升高,颗粒度指数随升华温度升高先增大后减小,裂纹率、相对电导率随升华温度升高先升高后降低。不同升华温度的玉米种子活性都有所下降,发芽率也都有所下降。在升华温度5℃下玉米种子呼吸强度最小,最适宜储存。

精神审美学论纲——兼论“审美即道德”与“审美即宗教”问题

人类的审美活动可以划分为两种类型,一种是非精神学意义上进行的审美活动,另一种是从人之精神性需要或精神欲求出发的审美活动。就人对于世界之存在以及人自身的精神审美而言,它其实是对于两种“精神质料”的审美:“壮美”与“优美”。人类的道德意识以及道德行为之产生,就来源于对这两种精神质料的精神审美。优美以及壮美的精神审美机制在于反思判断力之运用。这种反思判断力是以精神审美的游戏方式展开的,其中体现了人的精神自由。人类的精神审美是天道原理与天择原理的统一。人通过精神审美知道人成为精神审美的艺术品之后可以实现“永生”。这种精神审美观对于生活于苦难中的人类来说具有宗教性的“救赎”意义。