基于奖惩阶梯型碳价机制的能源枢纽低碳优化策略

为进一步降低碳排放水平以及源-荷不确定性对系统运行的影响,文中提出一种基于奖惩阶梯型碳价机制和分布式模型预测控制(distributed model predictive control,DMPC)的能源枢纽(energy hub,EH)日前-日内-实时多时间尺度低碳优化调度策略。引入奖惩阶梯型碳价计算方法,构建EH日前低碳优化调度模型,并制定基于DMPC的日内滚动和实时调整的反馈闭环优化策略,降低源-荷预测误差,提高传统模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)的求解效率。在日内阶段,构建以阶梯型碳成本、运行成本和储能调整惩罚成本之和最小为目标的日内滚动优化模型;在实时阶段,分解整体优化问题,建立基于DMPC的多智能体实时调整模型。算例结果表明,文中所提策略能够有效提升系统经济效益,降低源-荷不确定性,实现EH的低碳经济、稳定可靠运行。

离岸微型综合能源系统多目标随机规划

离岸微型综合能源系统与海洋工程的生产工艺环节结合紧密,并独立运行。因此,如何在克服生产工艺环节或外界环境不确定性影响的同时,尽可能减少CO_2的排放,并尽量节省成本是其规划的难点。文中从综合能源系统优化规划的角度,根据能源集线器的思想,建立离岸微型综合能源系统的电-热-CO_2耦合模型,构建以总成本最小、CO_2排放量最少为目标,以电、热网络平衡等条件为约束,并考虑生产工艺环节和外界环境不确定性影响的多目标随机规划模型,进而利用多目标进化算法求解该模型,实现兼顾成本与环保的离岸微型综合能源系统多目标优化规划。通过海上油气平台群及全电舰船的微型综合能源系统的优化规划,验证了所提方法的可行性与有效性。

先进绝热压缩空气储能多能流优化调度模型

先进绝热压缩空气储能(AA-CAES)是一种可实现大容量和长时间电能存储的电力储能系统,其储能的过程中会伴随产生额外的多种能流,若将运行中产生的额外能流收集起来,AA-CAES可作为微型综合能源系统进行使用。该文通过基于能源集线器(EH)构建通用能量交换分析模型,针对AA-CAES内部组件压缩机、透平机、换热器等部件进行模块化矩阵建模,分析其热力学特性和能流产生效率,研究AA-CAES的多能流联供调度策略。以最大化经济性运行为目标,提出了一种基于能源集线器矩阵化建模的AA-CAES多能流优化调度模型,并采用典型的压缩空气储能系统设备数据,进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,AA-CAES作为微型综合能源系统具有较好的经济性,并且可以实现日常的热电联供,减少或降低其他供热系统的能耗,提高区域的能量利用效率。

Emission Trading Based Optimal Scheduling Strategy of Energy Hub with Energy Storage and Integrated Electric Vehicles

This paper focuses on the optimal scheduling of the district energy system with multiple energy supply modes and flexible loads.For multi-energy system(MES),the energy hub(EH)model including energy storage system and integrated electric vehicle(EV)is established.Based on the model,the influence of pollutant trading market on total operation cost is analyzed,and the optimal scheduling strategy is further put forward to realize the minimum purchase cost and emission tax cost of the MES.Finally,this paper compares the economic benefit of the fixed mode and the response mode,and discusses the contribution of the energy storage device and the multi-energy complementary mode to energy utilization efficiency.The simulation results indicate that optimal scheduling strategy of the EH can coordinate various energy complementary modes reasonably.Meanwhile,the proposed strategy is able to improve the operation economy of the EH,and ensure the better response effect of the demand side.The sensitivity analysis demonstrates the impact of pollutant emission price change on emission reduction.

耦合能量枢纽多区域电—气互联能源系统分布式协同优化调度

能量枢纽概念已广泛应用于集成电力、天然气及其他多种异质能源的综合能源系统的数学建模和优化。当多区域互联综合能源系统的基本决策主体转变为多个相互连接且自治运行的能量枢纽时,多个决策主体之间的交互将更为频繁和复杂,对整个综合能源系统进行集中式优化将难以为继。为避免集中式优化方法存在的数据采集量大、模型复杂、与实际运行管理模式不匹配等现实问题,针对多区域电—气互联能源系统的多主体分布自治决策特点,构建了以能量枢纽为基本决策主体的电—气能量流解耦机制,提出了与能量枢纽分布式粒度相适应的多主体协同优化调度模型,并给出了基于交替方向乘子法的分布式求解流程。针对两个耦合能量枢纽的电—气互联能源系统开展的算例测试结果验证了所述方法的有效性和准确性。

多能源枢纽联合运行的[火用]损最小化分布式优化调度

能源枢纽是能源转化供应过程中的重要环节,其集成了天然气、热、电等多种能源形式,能够有效提高能源利用效率。文中研究了同一能源配送网络下多能源枢纽的协同优化运行问题。与以往针对运行成本最小化进行优化不同,将热力学参数——[火用],引入多能源枢纽优化调度,以[火用]损最低为优化目标,从而实现能源的高效利用。针对热力传输网络的时间延迟问题和功率损耗问题,引入了热力延迟时间参数和损耗系数,提高了热力网络的建模精度。同时,考虑到不同能源枢纽由不同运营商进行管理,采用基于交替方向乘子法(ADMM)的分布式优化算法进行求解,各个能源枢纽仅需提供"期望交换功率",保护了各能源枢纽的隐私,减少了通信的交流量,保证了调度的相对独立性。最后,以3个能源枢纽的运行调度为算例,验证了所提方法的有效性。

Optimization of Distributed Integrated Multi-energy System Considering Industrial Process Based on Energy Hub

As a typical scenario of distributed integrated multi-energy system(DIMS),industrial park contains complex production constraints and strong associations between industrial productions and energy demands.The industrial production process(IPP)consists of controllable subtasks and strict timing constraints.Taking IPP as a control variable of optimal scheduling,it is an available approach that models the IPP as material flow into an extension energy hub(EH)to achieve the optimization of industrial park.In this paper,considering the coupling between the production process and energy demands,a model of IPP is proposed by dividing the process into different adjustable steps,including continuous subtask,discrete subtask,and storage subtask.Then,a transport model of material flow is used to describe the IPP in an industrial park DIMS.Based on the concept of EH,a universal extension EH model is proposed considering the coupling among electricity,heat,cooling,and material.Furthermore,an optimal scheduling method for industrial park DIMS is proposed to improve the energy efficiency and operation economy.Finally,a case study of a typical battery factory is shown to illustrate the proposed method.The simulation results demonstrate that such a method reduces the operation cost and accurately reflects the operation state of the industrial factory.

Optimal Operation of Energy Hub Based Micro-energy Network with Integration of Renewables and Energy Storages

This study proposes an optimized model of a micro-energy network(MEN)that includes electricity and natural gas with integrated solar,wind,and energy storage systems(ESSs).The proposed model is based on energy hubs(EHs)and it aims to minimize operation costs and greenhouse emissions.The research is motivated by the increasing use of renewable energies and ESSs for secure energy supply while reducing operation costs and environment effects.A general algebraic modeling system(GAMS)is used to solve the optimal operation problem in the MEN.The results demonstrate that an optimal MEN formed by multiple EHs can provide appropriate and flexible responses to fluctuations in electricity prices and adjustments between time periods and seasons.It also yields significant reductions in operation costs and emissions.The proposed model can contribute to future research by providing a more efficient network model(as compared with the traditional electricity supply system)to scale down the environmental and economic impacts of electricity storage and supply systems on MEN operation.

计及短期运行灵活性的城市能源系统扩展规划

城市是能源消费与碳排放的主力.在“双碳”背景下,促进城市能源系统低碳转型已成为当前城市规划的首要任务.然而,在新能源出力占比增加的同时,系统的灵活性需求也随之增加.为此,提出一种考虑长短期不确定性的城市能源系统扩展规划模型,涵盖电、气、热多种能源形态,在规划的层面计及实时运行阶段的不确定性及运行灵活性,并采用随机优化方法进行求解.模型考虑新能源机组和能源枢纽中各类能源转换设备的容量扩建,通过施加碳排放配额约束来确保达成碳减排目标.算例结果表明,该模型能有效提高城市能源系统的经济性和新能源消纳率,并且可以满足不同的碳减排需求.

计及子区域间能量交换的多区域综合能源系统协调经济调度

在传统模式下,多区域综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)由于地理位置分散,往往都是独立运行,彼此间缺乏协调,难免存在资源配置不合理的问题,这不利于各区域的经济调度。文章首先提出一种多区域综合能源系统协调经济调度模型,其不仅能实现各自区域内的电热功率平衡,还能实现不同区域间的电热互补,然后采用分布式优化方法对模型进行求解。通过对比协调模式与传统的非协调模式,仿真结果表明,在该协调模式下,不同区域通过电能和热能交换,能够合理分配能源,实现综合能源系统的经济运行。从能源总需求量、储能设备调度结果和各区域间能源集线器(energy hub,EH)的能量交换情况3个方面验证了所构建模型的有效性。

气电热联供网络规划与运行联合优化

多能源耦合系统是将电力、天然气、热能等通过能源集线器作为能量变换枢纽建立起来的混合能源网络,也是未来能源互联构架的一种发展趋势。该文对多能源耦合系统的结构和运行机制进行了阐述,提出了以能源集线器为调度枢纽的气电热联供网络规划与运行联合优化模型。该模型以规划建设、调度运行、可靠性等方面的总成本最小化为目标函数,同时兼顾了系统满足各能源系统网络约束、能源集线器(energy hub,EH)能量平衡等约束条件,是一个目标函数和约束条件都含有非线性项的混合整数优化问题,采用线性化和大规模优化方法求解,使耦合系统规划和运行共同达到最优。算例仿真将耦合与非耦合规划、耦合系统考虑元件种类不同的情况进行求解和对比,验证了该模型和处理方法的优越性和有效性。

考虑需求响应的电/热/气云储能优化配置策略

面向越来越开放的能源交易市场,为充分调动用户侧资源,提出了一种考虑需求响应(demand response,DR)的电/热/气云储能(cloud energy storage,CES)优化配置策略。建立含电/热/气云储能能源集线器(energy hub,EH)结构,从参与云储能商业模式的用户侧与云储能提供商出发,构建两主体双层优化模型。底层基于长短期记忆和贝叶斯神经网络的概率预测方法,刻画新能源出力的不确定性,建立考虑需求响应的用户侧云储能充放能模型,以用户总成本最小为目标优化决策用户侧充放能行为,并将决策信息传递到云储能提供商。顶层以云储能提供商的总成本最小为目标,集中优化决策实体储能功率和容量的配置问题。通过大M法对目标以及约束中的非线性部分进行松弛线性化,将其转化为混合整数线性规划模型。最后,建立4个典型应用场景,通过Matlab中的YALMIP工具箱调用CPLEX优化求解器对不同场景下的模型进行求解,联合对比在4种不同场景下的整体成本与收益,验证该策略在资源共享、节约系统整体成本等方面的优越性。

Integration of power-to-hydrogen in day-ahead security-constrained unit commitment with high wind penetration

The increasing integration of variable wind generation has aggravated the imbalance between electricity supply and demand. Power-to-hydrogen(P2H) is a promising solution to balance supply and demand in a variable power grid, in which excess wind power is converted into hydrogen via electrolysis and stored for later use. In this study, an energy hub(EH) with both a P2H facility(electrolyzer) and a gas-to-power(G2P) facility(hydrogen gas turbine) is proposed to accommodate a high penetration of wind power. The EH is modeled and integrated into a security-constrained unit commitment(SCUC) problem, and this optimization problem is solved by a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP) method with the Benders decomposition technique. Case studies are presented to validate the proposed model and elaborate on the technological potential of integrating P2H into a power system with a high level of wind penetration(HWP).

考虑能源子系统与储能的综合能源系统优化分析

针对当前综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)研究中未详细考虑含电-热-气-冷-汽子系统(power,heat,gas,cooling and steam subsystems,PHGCSS)协调运行效果的现状,研究计及能源子系统关键特征变量的IES日前稳态优化问题。首先,基于多类型负荷需求设计能源集线器(energy hub,EH)及能量耦合方式。在EH基础上提出耦合PHGCSS的能源站模型构架。然后,分别建立IES中PHGCSS稳态数学模型。在考虑峰谷分时电价机制基础上分析蓄电、蓄热、蓄冷对并网运行的IES日前稳态优化的影响。其次,在不同负荷结构下建立含PHGCSS日前稳态非线性优化模型。最后,通过算例分析验证对IES进行稳态优化计算和稳态运行分析的有效性,结果表明,所提模型与方法适用于含PHGCSS的IES日前稳态优化分析及日前动态经济调度,能够合理反映IES的运行特性。

Transactive Energy Trading in Reconfigurable Multi-carrier Energy Systems

The penetration of multi-carrier energy systems in distribution system gains more and more concerns.In this paper,a bi-level transactive energy trading framework is proposed to improve the energy scheduling and operation efficiency for multi-carrier energy systems which are modeled as energy hubs(EHs).In the upper level,each EH in the distribution system not only makes energy scheduling decisions considering supplies and demands of local energy,but also trades energy with each other to further maximize their social welfare.The associated trading payment among EHs is made in a fair manner by applying Nash bargaining theory.We solve the bargaining problem by decomposing it into two subproblems:operation cost minimization problem and payment bargaining problem.Then,based on the trading decision,the nodal equivalent loads of EHs are sent to the distribution system operator(DSO)without publishing trading details.By applying the second-order cone programming(SOCP),DSO reconfigures the network to reduce the transmission loss of the system in the lower level.The network reconfiguration and the trading behavior of EHs interact and iterate until the convergence.Numerical studies on modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.