Mesenchymal stem cells have been previously shown to exert an immunomodulatory function. The present study sought to investigate the effects of multipotential human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells （hAdM...Mesenchymal stem cells have been previously shown to exert an immunomodulatory function. The present study sought to investigate the effects of multipotential human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells （hAdMSCs） on disease progression and cytokine expression in Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE） induced by myelin basic protein. The duration of EAE paralysis in the group treated on day 7 posfimmunization with 5 × 10^6 hAdMSCs was significantly reduced compared with the vehicle-treated controls and the 1 x 106 hAdMSC- treated group. The duration of EAE paralysis in the groups treated with 5 × 10^6 hAdMSCs on both day 1 and day 7 postimmunization was significantly reduced compared with the vehicle-treated controls and the groups treated with 5 × 10^6 hAdMSCs on both day 7 and day 10 postimmunization. The mRNA expression of interleukin-10 and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase was significantly decreased in the hAdMSC-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. These findings suggest that the ameliorative effects of hAdMSCs on EAE symptoms operate in a dose- and time-dependent manner and can be mediated in part by the ample production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.展开更多
Obesity, which underlies various metabolic and cardio- vascular diseases, is a growing public health challenge for which established therapies are inadequate. Given the current obesity epidemic, there is a pressing ne...Obesity, which underlies various metabolic and cardio- vascular diseases, is a growing public health challenge for which established therapies are inadequate. Given the current obesity epidemic, there is a pressing need for more novel therapeutic strategies that will help adult individuals to manage their weight. One promising therapeutic intervention for reducing obesity is to enhance energy expenditure. Investigations into human brown fat and the recently discovered beige/brite fat have galvanized intense research efforts during the past decade because of their pivotal roles in energy dissi- pation. In this review, we summarize the evolution of human brown adipose tissue （hBAT） research and dis- cuss new in vivo methodologies for evaluating energy expenditure in patients. We highlight the differences between human and mouse BAT by integrating and comparing their cellular morphology, function, and gene expression profiles. Although great advances in hBAT biology have been achieved in the past decade, more cellular models are needed to acquire a better under- standing of adipose-specific processes and molecular mechanisms. Thus, this review also describes the development of a human brown fat cell line, which could provide promising mechanistic insights into hBAT function, signal transduction, and development. Finally, we focus on the therapeutic potential and current limi- tations of hBAT as an anti-glycemic, anti-lipidemic, and weight loss-inducing ＇metabolic panacea＇.展开更多
In the past decade, adipose tissue became a highly interesting source of adult stem cells for plastic surgery andregenerative medicine. The isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell population i...In the past decade, adipose tissue became a highly interesting source of adult stem cells for plastic surgery andregenerative medicine. The isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell population including theadipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), which showed regenerative potential in several clinical studies and trials.SVF should be provided in a safe and reproducible manner in accordance with current good manufacturing practices(cGMP). To ensure highest possible safety for patients, a precisely defined procedure with a high-quality control isrequired. Hence, an increasing number of adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems have been developed.These systems aim for a closed, sterile, and safe isolation process limiting donor variations, risk for contaminations,and unpredictability of the cell material. To isolate SVF from adipose tissue, enzymes such as collagenase are used.Alternatively, in order to avoid enzymes, isolation systems using physical forces are available. Here, we provide anoverview of known existing enzymatic and non-enzymatic adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems, which arepatented, published, or already on the market.展开更多
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells have been previously shown to exert an immunomodulatory function. The present study sought to investigate the effects of multipotential human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells （hAdMSCs） on disease progression and cytokine expression in Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE） induced by myelin basic protein. The duration of EAE paralysis in the group treated on day 7 posfimmunization with 5 × 10^6 hAdMSCs was significantly reduced compared with the vehicle-treated controls and the 1 x 106 hAdMSC- treated group. The duration of EAE paralysis in the groups treated with 5 × 10^6 hAdMSCs on both day 1 and day 7 postimmunization was significantly reduced compared with the vehicle-treated controls and the groups treated with 5 × 10^6 hAdMSCs on both day 7 and day 10 postimmunization. The mRNA expression of interleukin-10 and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase was significantly decreased in the hAdMSC-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. These findings suggest that the ameliorative effects of hAdMSCs on EAE symptoms operate in a dose- and time-dependent manner and can be mediated in part by the ample production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
文摘Obesity, which underlies various metabolic and cardio- vascular diseases, is a growing public health challenge for which established therapies are inadequate. Given the current obesity epidemic, there is a pressing need for more novel therapeutic strategies that will help adult individuals to manage their weight. One promising therapeutic intervention for reducing obesity is to enhance energy expenditure. Investigations into human brown fat and the recently discovered beige/brite fat have galvanized intense research efforts during the past decade because of their pivotal roles in energy dissi- pation. In this review, we summarize the evolution of human brown adipose tissue （hBAT） research and dis- cuss new in vivo methodologies for evaluating energy expenditure in patients. We highlight the differences between human and mouse BAT by integrating and comparing their cellular morphology, function, and gene expression profiles. Although great advances in hBAT biology have been achieved in the past decade, more cellular models are needed to acquire a better under- standing of adipose-specific processes and molecular mechanisms. Thus, this review also describes the development of a human brown fat cell line, which could provide promising mechanistic insights into hBAT function, signal transduction, and development. Finally, we focus on the therapeutic potential and current limi- tations of hBAT as an anti-glycemic, anti-lipidemic, and weight loss-inducing ＇metabolic panacea＇.
基金This work was funded by grant from the Austrian Research Promotion Agency(FFG)(Bridge1 program,grant no.4694564).
文摘In the past decade, adipose tissue became a highly interesting source of adult stem cells for plastic surgery andregenerative medicine. The isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell population including theadipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), which showed regenerative potential in several clinical studies and trials.SVF should be provided in a safe and reproducible manner in accordance with current good manufacturing practices(cGMP). To ensure highest possible safety for patients, a precisely defined procedure with a high-quality control isrequired. Hence, an increasing number of adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems have been developed.These systems aim for a closed, sterile, and safe isolation process limiting donor variations, risk for contaminations,and unpredictability of the cell material. To isolate SVF from adipose tissue, enzymes such as collagenase are used.Alternatively, in order to avoid enzymes, isolation systems using physical forces are available. Here, we provide anoverview of known existing enzymatic and non-enzymatic adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems, which arepatented, published, or already on the market.
