Changing Characteristics of Comfort Index of Human Body in Bengbu City in the Past 40 Years under the Background of Climate Change

Based on the daily meteorological data of Bengbu City during 1981-2020,the changing characteristics of three elements needed for the calculation of the comfort index of human body(CIHB)were discussed,and daily CIHB was classified and discussed.The results show that from 1981 to 2020,annual average temperature tended to increase significantly.Annual average wind speed and relative humidity showed a decreasing trend before 2011 but an increasing trend after 2011.The duration of the four seasons in Bengbu City mainly rose in spring,reduced in winter,declined first and then increased in summer,and rose first and then decreased in autumn.As CIHB was at grades 1 and 9(the most uncomfortable),the three factors had different effects on them.For cold weather,the influence of relative humidity and wind speed on CIHB can not be ignored besides temperature.In hot weather,the influence of temperature was dominant,and the change of annual average temperature could well correspond to the change in the number of very hot days.In the context of climate warming,the number of cold days tended to decline generally,but it was larger in the years with fewer very cold days.Under the background of climate warming,there was no obvious change in the number of days of the overall comfort of human body.The number of hot days was closely related to the duration of summer,and the number of days of grade 8 rose significantly in the years with an increase in the duration of summer.

Mass Stopping Power and Range of Protons in Biological Human Body Tissues (Ovary, Lung and Breast)

In this work, the mass stopping power and range of protons in biological human body tissues (ovary, lung and breast) were calculated at the energy ranging from 0.04 MeV to 200 MeV using the MATLAB Program. The data relating to the densities, average atomic number to mass number and excitation energy for the present tissues were collected from ICRU Report 46. The mass stopping power was calculated by the Bethe formula. Moreover, the simple integration (continuous slowing down approximation) method was employed for calculating protons range at the tissues. The results of the mass stopping power versus energy and the range versus energy were presented graphically and the empirical formulae for calculating the mass stopping power and the ranges were obtained. The present results for mass stopping powers and ranges were compared with the results obtained by others. Good agreements were found between them, especially at the energy ranging from 3 to 200 MeV.

Rapid 3D human body modeling based on Kinect technology

The 3D shape of the human body is useful for applications in fitness, games and apparel. Accurate body scanners, howev- er, are expensive, limiting the availability of 3D body models. In this paper, we focus on the human body 3D modeling using one Kinect sensor modeling method. To get the human body model fast, three steps in rapid modeling of the human body are carried out. Firstly, according to anthropometric parameters, the standard model is parameterized; Secondly, the Kinect depth image of the human body model is gotten through, then, by using the PCL library the point cloud data is processed and matched, and the human body model is optimized; Finally, the realistic human body model is obtained with the rapid integration of the standard model and PCL library.

Effect of Mechanical Vibrations on Human Body

Mechanical vibrations cause forces that affect human bodies. One of the most common positions for human bodies is the seated position. In this work, mathematical models of the seated human body are investigated and simulated in a Simulink/ MATLAB environment. In addition, segments of the human body are studied and models are developed and built by using Simulink/MATLAB. As part of this work, model analysis and state-space methods are used in order to check and validate the results obtained from the simulations. Two types of forces are used to test the whole seated human body under low frequency citation. The first is a sinusoidal wave signal based on literature, and the second is an impulse function. The effects of mechanical vibration on the head and lumbar are studied as these parts of the human body are usually the most effected areas. Kinematic states of the head segment and lumbar are considered. The characteristics of the vibration response on the two segments are also obtained. In addition to the me-chanical vibrations study, this paper is a resource for the development and implementation of models in the Simulink/MATLAB environment.

A 2Mbps Human Body Communication Transceiver Based on Body Antenna Effect

This paper presents a human body communication(HBC)transceiver for wireless body network applications.The transceiver employs on frequency shift keying(FSK)modulation and op-erates in 40 MHz-60 MHz which is the resonant frequency of the human body as an antenna.It achieves high performance and stability through establish passive microstrip line and via models and active device-models.The proposed transceiver is designed and fabricated by FR4 printed cir-cuit board(PCB)process,the transceiver has the ability of configurable data rate up to 2 Mbps and it achieves-86 dBm receiving sensitivity at 2 Mbps data rate.Meanwhile,the transceiver out-put power dynamics range is 34 dB.Furthermore,with a visual interaction interface,the transceiv-er can be agility use in a variety of scenarios.Its measurements are verified on human body.The result shows that the transceiver has ability to send data from person to person by relying on hu-man body antenna radiation.The transceiver shows great prospect in wireless body area networks(WBAN)for telemedicine and emergency communication.

Research on Dynamic Model of the Human Body

After summarizing the current situation of the research on human body modeling, a new dynamic model containing 5 equivalent masses has been proposed and the corresponding dynamic equations has been deduced too. By using this new model, more detailed information about the situation of the human body under impact and vibration can be obtained. The new model solves the problem that transmission functions of forces inside the human body can't be deduced by using 3-equivalent-mass model. It will find its usage in many applications.

Study on Prediction and Application of Human Body Feeling Temperature

[ Objective] The study aimed to forecast human body feeling temperature. [ Method] Using air temperature data outside shutter boxes of cement and asphalt underlying surface at 1.5 m and conventional observation data from 2008 to 2010 as well as T639 and Japan numerical forecast product, the characteristics of the minimum temperature in winter half year and the maximum temperature in summer half year in Changzhou were analyzed, and the prediction equation of the maximum temperature from May to September as well as year-round comfort prediction index were es- tablished. Moreover, the announcement platform of human body feeling temperature was developed to forecast it. [ Result] There remained a tiny discrepancy in the winter minimum temperature between inside and outside shutter box, and clays with the minimum temperature difference lower than 2 ℃ accounted for 94.3% of total days. However, the summer maximum temperature difference between inside and outside shutter box was larger, and days with the maximum temperature difference higher than 2 ℃ accounted for 82.0%, while the maximum difference was 5.5 ℃. The prediction accuracy of the inside maximum temperature was 78%. Wind was considered as the primary factor based on the effective temperature, and comfort index forecast and service were determined based on human feelings, dress, meteorological care and so forth. Both human body feel- ing temperature and comfort index forecast were released in the temperature forecast service. [ Condusion] The prediction of human body feeling temperature could provide scientific references for people＇s dress and traveling in daily life.

Sensitivity Numerical Analysis of Human Body Exergy Balance under an Unsteady-State Thermal Environment —Behavioral Adaptation Induced by Undesirable Cold Storage by Building Envelope in Winter

We analyzed the relationships between the human body exergy balance and behavioral adaptations induced by undesirable cold storage by a building envelope under an unsteady-state thermal environment in winter. The complex interaction of the warm exergy production by shivering, lifting of the shell ratio, and reduction of the blood flow rate was considered to constitute the physiological adaptation necessary for maintaining the constant core temperature, which was an important aspect in living organisms. In the case of intermittent use room, it was suggested that better thermal comfort and desirable behavioral adaptations, which decreased the consumption of fossil fuels, could be achieved if interior wooden cladding was used in constructions with building envelopes that had a comparatively large heat capacity, or in cases of wooden constructions in which the building envelope heat capacity was comparatively small.

Research on Modeling of Human Body in Three-Dimensional Computer Animation

Modeling of the human body is a basic problem in computer animation of the humanbody. This paper presents a method in which the combination of polyhedra is used to establish aninitial rough design of the human body and subdivision of polyhedra to approximate the curvesurface of the real human body. In addition, the dynamic characteristics are taken intoconsideration of the human body, thus providing a fine basis for the establishment of the bumanbody animation.

Research on intelligent search-and-secure technology in accelerator hazardous areas based on machine vision

Prompt radiation emitted during accelerator operation poses a significant health risk,necessitating a thorough search and securing of hazardous areas prior to initiation.Currently,manual sweep methods are employed.However,the limitations of manual sweeps have become increasingly evident with the implementation of large-scale accelerators.By leveraging advancements in machine vision technology,the automatic identification of stranded personnel in controlled areas through camera imagery presents a viable solution for efficient search and security.Given the criticality of personal safety for stranded individuals,search and security processes must be sufficiently reliable.To ensure comprehensive coverage,180°camera groups were strategically positioned on both sides of the accelerator tunnel to eliminate blind spots within the monitoring range.The YOLOV8 network model was modified to enable the detection of small targets,such as hands and feet,as well as larger targets formed by individuals near the cameras.Furthermore,the system incorporates a pedestrian recognition model that detects human body parts,and an information fusion strategy is used to integrate the detected head,hands,and feet with the identified pedestrians as a cohesive unit.This strategy enhanced the capability of the model to identify pedestrians obstructed by equipment,resulting in a notable improvement in the recall rate.Specifically,recall rates of 0.915 and 0.82were obtained for Datasets 1 and 2,respectively.Although there was a slight decrease in accuracy,it aligned with the intended purpose of the search-and-secure software design.Experimental tests conducted within an accelerator tunnel demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach in achieving reliable recognition outcomes.

Evolution and Development of the Information Concept in Biological Systems: From Empirical Description to Informational Modeling of the Living Structures

With the purpose to smooth the way of a correct understanding of information concepts and their evolution,in this paper,is discussed the evolution and development of the concept of information in biological systems,showing that this concept was intuitively perceived even since ancient times by our predecessors,and described according to their language level of that times,but the crystallization of the real meaning of information is an achievement of our nowadays,by successive contribution of various scientific branches and personalities of the scientific community of the world,leading to a modern description/modeling of reality,in which information plays a fundamental role.It is shown that our reality can be understood as a contribution of matter/energy/information and represented/discussed as the model of the Universal Triangle of Reality(UTR),where various previous models can be suggestively inserted,as a function of their basic concern.The modern concepts on information starting from a theoretic experiment which would infringe the thermodynamics laws and reaching the theory of information and modern philosophic concepts on the world structuration allow us to show that information is a fundamental component of the material world and of the biological structures,in correlation with the structuration/destructuration processes of matter,involving absorption/release of information.Based on these concepts,is discussed the functionality of the biologic structures and is presented the informational model of the human body and living structures,as a general model of info-organization on the entire biological scale,showing that a rudimentary proto-consciousness should be operative even at the low-scale biological systems,because they work on the same principles,like the most developed bio-systems.The operability of biologic structures as informational devices is also pointed out.

A Novel Flexible Antenna at Very High Frequency Band for On-Body Applications

This paper proposes a novel flexible antenna design operating at very high frequency(VHF)band for on-body applications such as human body communication(HBC).The antenna consists of back-to-back E-shaped fractal and complimentary structures designed over a thin flex-ible substrate.The overall design working on the principle of fractal geometries and capacitive coupling is highly beneficial to achieve better antenna characteristics even at low frequencies around 35 MHz-45 MHz that are being used for HBC application.The proposed antenna obtained a large bandwidth of around 10.0 MHz in air and a bandwidth of around 8.0 MHz during on-body opera-tion.The antenna has been tested in three different scenarios viz.air,on-body single antenna and on-body communication using two antennas.The insertion loss is reduced to a minimum in all three scenarios,which is quite beneficial for better signal transmission.The size miniaturization with high flexibility in such low frequencies has also been achieved in the paper that makes the proposed design suitable for human body communication applications.

MATHEMATICAL STUDY OF DIFFUSIVE FLUID TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION IN HUMAN DERMAL REGIONS

This paper deals with mathematical study of diffusive fluid transport and distri- bution in human dermal parts. It accounts the intracellular fluid which continuously flows through the skin shells in order to maintain fluid balance within the body. A mathematical model is envisaged for this process and the finite element method （FEM） is employed to calculate the concentration of the fluid at different skin layers. This estimation is analyzed in relation with other parameters of the tissue medium and the atmosphere.

Application of Optical Motion Capture Technology in Power Safety Entitative Simulation Training System

The safety production is critical to stable development of Chinese electric power industry. With the development of electric power enterprises, the requirements of its employees are also becoming higher and higher. In this paper, an optical motion capture system based on the virtual reality technology is proposed to meet the requirements of the power enterprise for the qualified business ability. Electric power equipment, power equipment model entitative operating environment and the human model are established by electric power simulation unit, ZigBee technology and OpenGL graphics library. The problem of missing feature points is solved by applying the human model driven algorithm and the Kalman filtering algorithm. The experimental results show that it is more accurate to use Kalman filtering algorithm to extract the feature point in tracking process of actual motion capture and real-time animation display. The average absolute error of 3D coordinates is 1.61 mm and the average relative error is 2.23%. The system can improve trainees’ sense of experience and immersion.

Experimental Method of Cosmetics Human Efficacy Evaluation-Whitening

This paper briefly introduces the human body evaluation test method of cosmetics whitening efficacy test,the measurement method of skin melanin content,skin chromaticity and the instruments used,so as to provide ideas for scientific and rigorous test scheme design and scientific basis for whitening efficacy claim.

Experimental Method of Cosmetics Human Efficacy Evaluation——Moisturizing

This paper briefly introduces the human body evaluation test method of cosmetics moisturizing efficacy test,according to stratum corneum moisture content test,skin moisturizing capacity test and other test methods and the instruments used are briefly introduced,so as to provide ideas for scientific and rigorous experimental scheme design and scientific basis for the claim of moisturizing effect.

The Right to Work of Chinese Ethnic Minorities:Replies to Concerns and Suggestions of the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies

The UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies have repeatedly raised concerns about the Chinese government’s fulfillment of its obligations to safeguard the right to work of ethnic minorities, including the insufficiency of materials, the asymmetry of employment conditions between migrating Han and other ethnic groups, as well as so-called pervasive discrimination against non-Han ethnic workers. The UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies raised these concerns based on various facts and the rationality of their suggestions differ. China has replied accordingly. China should continue to reply based on the facts, and it should accept those suggestions that are reasonable and on facts.When addressing suggestions that are not based on facts, we should identify the nature of the problems and eliminate misunderstanding by clarifying the facts and encouraging friendly dialogue.

Recent progress in human body energy harvesting for smart bioelectronic system

From every heartbeat to every footstep, human beings dissipate energy all the time. Researchers are trying to harvest energy from the human body and convert it into electricity, which can be supplied to electronic medical devices closely related to human health. Such an energy recycling form is currently a research hotspot in the fields of energy harvesting and bioelectronics. This review firstly summarizes the distribution and characteristics of three primary energy sources contained in the human body, including thermal energy, chemical energy, and mechanical energy. Afterwards, the applicable energy harvesting technologies and corresponding working mechanisms for different energy sources are introduced. Some typical demos and practical applications of each type of human body energy harvesting technology are also presented. Specifically, the advantages and critical issues of different energy harvesting technologies are summarized, and corresponding promising solutions are also provided. Besides, the interaction strategies between various energy harvesting devices and the human body are summarized from the aspects of wearable and implantable applications. Finally, the concept of a self-powered closed-loop bioelectronic system (SCBS) is put forward for the first time, which organically combines portable electronic devices, implantable electronic medical devices, energy harvesting devices, and the human body. The prospect of symbiosis between the SCBS and the human body is provided. The demands and future development trends of the SCBS are also discussed.

Realistic Modeling and Animation of Human Body Based on Scanned Data

In this paper we propose a novel method for building animation model of realhuman body from surface scanned data. The human model is represented by a triangular mesh anddescribed as a layered geometric model. The model consists of two layers: the control skeletongenerating body animation from motion capture data, and the simplified surface model providing anefficient representation of the skin surface shape. The skeleton is generated automatically fromsurface scanned data using the feature extraction, and then a point-to-line mapping is used to mapthe surface model onto the underlying skeleton. The resulting model enables real-time and smoothanimation by manipulation of the skeleton while maintaining the surface detail. Compared withearlier approach, the principal advantages of our approach are the automated generation of bodycontrol skeletons from the scanned data for real-time animation, and the automatic mapping andanimation of the captured human surface shape. The human model constructed in this work can be usedfor applications of ergonomic design, garment CAD, real-time simulating humans in virtual realityenvironment and so on.