Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are self-renewing,multipotent cells that could differentiate into multiple tissues.MSC-based therapy has become an attractive and promising strategy for treating human diseases through immu...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are self-renewing,multipotent cells that could differentiate into multiple tissues.MSC-based therapy has become an attractive and promising strategy for treating human diseases through immune regulation and tissue repair.However,accumulating data have indicated that MSC-based therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to the properties of the MSC-sourced secretome,especially small extracellular vesicles(sEVs).sEVs are signaling vehicles in intercellular communication in normal or pathological conditions.sEVs contain natural contents,such as proteins,mRNA,and microRNAs,and transfer these functional contents to adjacent cells or distant cells through the circulatory system.MSC-sEVs have drawn much attention as attractive agents for treating multiple diseases.The properties of MSC-sEVs include stability in circulation,good biocompatibility,and low toxicity and immunogenicity.Moreover,emerging evidence has shown that MSC-sEVs have equal or even better treatment efficacies than MSCs in many kinds of disease.This review summarizes the current research efforts on the use of MSC-sEVs in the treatment of human diseases and the existing challenges in their application from lab to clinical practice that need to be considered.展开更多
Recently, Prieto-Godino et al.[1] found that the olfactory receptor 75a (Ir75a) gene is a functional pseudo-pseudogene in Drosophila sechellia. For a long time, Ir75a has been regarded as an acetic acid receptor tha...Recently, Prieto-Godino et al.[1] found that the olfactory receptor 75a (Ir75a) gene is a functional pseudo-pseudogene in Drosophila sechellia. For a long time, Ir75a has been regarded as an acetic acid receptor that detects acetic acid and induces obvious olfactory responses in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs)f2J. Nonetheless, Prieto-Godino et al. confirmed that Ir75a lost its sensitivity to acetic acid in D. sechellia. Thus, the D. sechelfia Ir75a gene is generally recognized as a pseudogene in OSNs.展开更多
Animal models of human diseases play a critical role in medical research.Pigs are anatomically and physiologically more like humans than are small rodents such as mice,making pigs an attractive option for modeling hum...Animal models of human diseases play a critical role in medical research.Pigs are anatomically and physiologically more like humans than are small rodents such as mice,making pigs an attractive option for modeling human diseases.Advances in recent years in genetic engineering have facilitated the rapid rise of pig models for use in studies of human disease.In the present review,we summarize the current status of pig models for human cardiovascular,metabolic,neurodegenerative,and various genetic diseases.We also discuss areas that need to be improved.Animal models of human diseases play a critical role in medical research.Advances in recent years in genetic engineering have facilitated the rapid rise of pig models for use in studies of human disease.In the present review,we summarize the current status of pig models for human cardiovascular,metabolic,neurodegenerative,various genetic diseases and xenotransplantation.展开更多
Overweight and obesity in people </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are&l...Overweight and obesity in people </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">epidemic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in North America and interna</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tionally. In the United States, the number of overweight children and adolescents has doubled in the last two to three decades, and similar increasing rates are being observed worldwide, including developing countries as Bangladesh </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">where an increase in Westernization of behavioral and dietary lifestyles is evident. Human diseases associated with overweight and obesity are similar in</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> children as in the adult population. The main purpose of this study was to examine the association </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">between</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> overweight and obesity with human disease and other factors in Bangladesh. We have attempted to estimate the relationship between </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">associated</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variables by using the Pearson Chi-Square test. It also showed</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">how</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> important an individual variable is by itself. The study also employed a statistical </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">technique namely, logistic regression analysis which has been used to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">find out the association of overweight and obesity with human disease and other </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">factors. We have seen that 16.96</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> people are overweight </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 4.14</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> people are obese, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 21.1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> people are overweight or obese in Bangladesh. </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">From the logistic regression analysis technique among </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the independent variables type</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">place of residence, Highest educational level, Wealth index, Current marital status, Ever had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vaccination</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, Had fever in last two weeks, Had cough in last two weeks, Short, rapid breaths, Problem in the chest or blocked or running nose have </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">significant</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> effect on dependent variable BMI</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> classification.展开更多
Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent regulated form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation.In the past decade,it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases that together involve almost ever...Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent regulated form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation.In the past decade,it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases that together involve almost every organ of the body,including various cancers,neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascular diseases,lung diseases,liver diseases,kidney diseases,endocrine metabolic diseases,iron-overload-related diseases,orthopedic diseases and autoimmune diseases.Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its regulatory pathways could provide additional strategies for the management of these disease conditions.Indeed,there are an expanding number of studies suggesting that ferroptosis serves as a bona-fide target for the prevention and treatment of these diseases in relevant pre-clinical models.In this review,we summarize the progress in the research into ferroptosis and its regulatory mechanisms in human disease,while providing evidence in support of ferroptosis as a target for the treatment of these diseases.We also discuss our perspectives on the future directions in the targeting of ferroptosis in human disease.展开更多
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules that have attracted tremendous attention from the biological and biomedical research communities over the past decade. With over 1900 miRNAs discovere...MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules that have attracted tremendous attention from the biological and biomedical research communities over the past decade. With over 1900 miRNAs discovered in humans to date, many of them have already been implicated in common human disorders. Facilitated by high-throughput genomics and bioinformatics in conjunction with traditional molecular biology techniques and animal models, miRNA research is now positioned to make the transition from laboratories to clinics to deliver profound benefits to public health. Herein, we overview the progress of miRNA research related to human diseases, as well as the potential for miRNA to becoming the next generation of diagnostics and therapeutics.展开更多
Genetically modified animal models are important for understanding the pathogenesis of human disease and developing therapeutic strategies. Although genetically modified mice have been widely used to model human disea...Genetically modified animal models are important for understanding the pathogenesis of human disease and developing therapeutic strategies. Although genetically modified mice have been widely used to model human diseases, some of these mouse models do not replicate important disease symptoms or pathology. Pigs are more similar to humans than mice in anatomy, physiology, and genome. Thus, pigs are considered to be better animal models to mimic some human diseases. This review describes genetically modified pigs that have been used to model various diseases including neurological, cardiovascular, and diabetic disorders. We also discuss the development in gene modification technology that can facilitate the generation of transgenic pig models for human diseases,展开更多
In recent years,many studies have shown that histone methylation plays an important role in maintaining the active and silent state of gene expression in human diseases.The Jumonji domain-containing protein D3(JMJD3),...In recent years,many studies have shown that histone methylation plays an important role in maintaining the active and silent state of gene expression in human diseases.The Jumonji domain-containing protein D3(JMJD3),specifically demethylate di-and trimethyllysine 27 on histone H3(H3K27me2/3),has been widely studied in immune diseases,infectious diseases,cancer,developmental diseases,and aging related diseases.We will focus on the recent advances of JMJD3 function in human diseases,and looks ahead to the future of JMJD3 gene research in this review.展开更多
Circular RNA(circRNA)is a novel class of single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure.The majority of circRNAs are formed by a back-splicing process in pre-mRNA splicing.Their expression is dynamically regulated ...Circular RNA(circRNA)is a novel class of single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure.The majority of circRNAs are formed by a back-splicing process in pre-mRNA splicing.Their expression is dynamically regulated and shows spatiotemporal patterns among cell types,tissues and developmental stages.CircRNAs have important biological functions in many physiological processes,and their aberrant expression is implicated in many human diseases.Due to their high stability,circRNAs are becoming promising biomarkers in many human diseases,such as cardiovascular diseases,autoimmune diseases and human cancers.In this review,we focus on the translational potential of using human blood circRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for human diseases.We highlight their abundant expression,essential biological functions and significant correlations to human diseases in various components of peripheral blood,including whole blood,blood cells and extracellular vesicles.In addition,we summarize the current knowledge of blood circRNA biomarkers for disease diagnosis or prognosis.展开更多
Even though the importance of epigenetics was first recognized in light of its role in tissue development,an increasing amount of evidence has shown that it also plays an important role in the development and progress...Even though the importance of epigenetics was first recognized in light of its role in tissue development,an increasing amount of evidence has shown that it also plays an important role in the development and progression of many common diseases.We discuss some recent findings on one representative epigenetic modification,DNA methylation,in some common diseases.While many new risk factors have been identified through the population-based epigenetic epidemiologic studies on the role of epigenetics in common diseases,this relatively new field still faces many unique challenges.Here,we describe those promises and unique challenges of epigenetic epidemiological studies and propose some potential solutions.展开更多
In this article, the authors summarized the RT-ABCDE strategy for the management and prevention of human diseases, which includes ReTro-ABCDE (Examination regularity, Disease and risk factor control, Changing lifesty...In this article, the authors summarized the RT-ABCDE strategy for the management and prevention of human diseases, which includes ReTro-ABCDE (Examination regularity, Disease and risk factor control, Changing lifestyle and reducing pathways of infection and spread, Biochemical and Antagonistic index control and therapeutic treatment as well as RT- Routine and Right Treatment). The RT-ABCDE strategy, a novel concept and an essential method, should be a routine strategy for disease control and prevention, It should be proposed and applied in both clinical and preventive medicine.展开更多
CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)technology has emerged as a powerful technology for genome editing and is now widely used in basic biomedical research to explore gene function.More rec...CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)technology has emerged as a powerful technology for genome editing and is now widely used in basic biomedical research to explore gene function.More recently,this technology has been increasingly applied to the study or treatment of human diseases,including Barth syndrome effects on the heart,Duchenne muscular dystrophy,hemophilia,b-Thalassemia,and cystic fibrosis.CRISPR/Cas9(CRISPR-associated protein 9)genome editing has been used to correct diseasecausing DNA mutations ranging from a single base pair to large deletions in model systems ranging from cells in vitro to animals in vivo.In addition to genetic diseases,CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has also been applied in immunology-focused applications such as the targeting of C-C chemokine receptor type 5,the programmed death 1 gene,or the creation of chimeric antigen receptors in T cells for purposes such as the treatment of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)or promoting anti-tumor immunotherapy.Furthermore,this technology has been applied to the genetic manipulation of domesticated animals with the goal of producing biologic medical materials,including molecules,cells or organs,on a large scale.Finally,CRISPR/Cas9 has been teamed with induced pluripotent stem(iPS)cells to perform multiple tissue engineering tasks including the creation of disease models or the preparation of donor-specific tissues for transplantation.This review will explore the ways in which the use of CRISPR/Cas9 is opening new doors to the treatment of human diseases.展开更多
Model organisms have been widely used to dissect important biological phenomena, as well as to explore potential causes and treatments for human disorders. Much of our knowledge on molecular mechanisms underlying the ...Model organisms have been widely used to dissect important biological phenomena, as well as to explore potential causes and treatments for human disorders. Much of our knowledge on molecular mechanisms underlying the heredity, development as well as physiology is largely derived from the researches of model organisms. We have witnessed an explosive increase in the development and application of genetic modified model organisms in the last decade.展开更多
Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)exhibit a length more than 200 nucleotides and they are characterized by non-coding RNAs(ncRNA)not encoded into proteins.Over the past few years,the role and development of lncRNAs have ar...Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)exhibit a length more than 200 nucleotides and they are characterized by non-coding RNAs(ncRNA)not encoded into proteins.Over the past few years,the role and development of lncRNAs have aroused the rising attention of researchers.To be specific,KCNQ1OT1,the KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1,is clearly classified as a regulatory ncRNA.KCNQ1OT1 is capable of interacting with miRNAs,RNAs and proteins,thereby affecting gene expression and various cell functions(e.g.,cell proliferation,migration,epithelialemesenchymal transition(EMT),apoptosis,viability,autophagy and inflammation).KCNQ1OT1 is dysregulated in a wide range of human diseases(e.g.,cardiovascular disease,cancer,diabetes,osteoarthritis,osteoporosis and cataract),and it is speculated to act as a therapeutic target for treating various human diseases.On the whole,this review aims to explore the biological functions,underlying mechanisms and pathogenic roles of KCNQ1OT1 in human diseases.展开更多
Caveolin-1(Cav-1)isoforms,including Cav-1αand Cav-1β,were identified as integral membrane proteins and the major components of caveolae.Cav-1 proteins are highly conserved during evolution from Caenorhabditis elegan...Caveolin-1(Cav-1)isoforms,including Cav-1αand Cav-1β,were identified as integral membrane proteins and the major components of caveolae.Cav-1 proteins are highly conserved during evolution from Caenorhabditis elegans to human and are capable of interacting with many signaling molecules through their caveolin scaffolding domains to regulate the activities of multiple signaling pathways.Thus,Cav-1 plays crucial roles in the regulation of cellular proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis in a cell-specific and contextual manner.In addition,Cav-1 is essential for embryonic development of vertebrates owing to its regulation of BMP,Wnt,TGF-βand other key signaling molecules.Moreover,Cav-1 is mainly expressed in terminally differentiated cells and its abnormal expression is often associated with human diseases,such as tumor progression,cardiovascular diseases,fibrosis,lung regeneration,and diseases related to virus.In this review,we will further discuss the potential of Cav-1 as a target for disease therapy and multiple drug resistance.展开更多
The journal Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics (GPB) is now inviting submissions for a special issue (to be published in the fall of 2016) on the topic of "Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medi...The journal Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics (GPB) is now inviting submissions for a special issue (to be published in the fall of 2016) on the topic of "Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medicine". In the personalized medicine era, disease biomarkers have potential application in diagnosis, prognosis, and guidance for treatment, and are important tools in translational medicine. Diagnosis upon biomarkers would aid in early and more efficient intervention, while prognostic biomarkers could lead to right decision of medical treatment.展开更多
The journal Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics (GPB) is now inviting submissions for a special issue (to be published in the fall of 2016) on the topic of "Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medi...The journal Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics (GPB) is now inviting submissions for a special issue (to be published in the fall of 2016) on the topic of "Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medicine". In the personalized medicine era, disease biomarkers have potential application in diagnosis, prognosis, and guidance for treatment, and are important tools in translational medicine. Diagnosis upon biomarkers would aid in early and more efficient intervention, while prognostic biomarkers could lead to right decision of medical treatment.展开更多
The journal Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics (GPB) is now inviting submissions for a special issue (to be published in the fall of 2016) on the topic of "Biomarkers for Hunlan Diseases and Translational Med...The journal Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics (GPB) is now inviting submissions for a special issue (to be published in the fall of 2016) on the topic of "Biomarkers for Hunlan Diseases and Translational Medicine".展开更多
The Sino-UK Symposium on Developmental Biology and Human Diseases opened in Tsinghua May 6, 2006. TheSymposium, which ran through May 8, 2006, was hosted by the Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsi...The Sino-UK Symposium on Developmental Biology and Human Diseases opened in Tsinghua May 6, 2006. TheSymposium, which ran through May 8, 2006, was hosted by the Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81971878Opening Project of Military Logistics,No.BLB19J006and Tianjin University Independent Innovation Fund,No.2020XRG-0027,No.2020XYF-0041,and No.2020XZY-0086.
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are self-renewing,multipotent cells that could differentiate into multiple tissues.MSC-based therapy has become an attractive and promising strategy for treating human diseases through immune regulation and tissue repair.However,accumulating data have indicated that MSC-based therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to the properties of the MSC-sourced secretome,especially small extracellular vesicles(sEVs).sEVs are signaling vehicles in intercellular communication in normal or pathological conditions.sEVs contain natural contents,such as proteins,mRNA,and microRNAs,and transfer these functional contents to adjacent cells or distant cells through the circulatory system.MSC-sEVs have drawn much attention as attractive agents for treating multiple diseases.The properties of MSC-sEVs include stability in circulation,good biocompatibility,and low toxicity and immunogenicity.Moreover,emerging evidence has shown that MSC-sEVs have equal or even better treatment efficacies than MSCs in many kinds of disease.This review summarizes the current research efforts on the use of MSC-sEVs in the treatment of human diseases and the existing challenges in their application from lab to clinical practice that need to be considered.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[81470434,81503074,81670265]Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study(Hunan Provincial Education Department document)[Approval number:2014-405]
文摘Recently, Prieto-Godino et al.[1] found that the olfactory receptor 75a (Ir75a) gene is a functional pseudo-pseudogene in Drosophila sechellia. For a long time, Ir75a has been regarded as an acetic acid receptor that detects acetic acid and induces obvious olfactory responses in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs)f2J. Nonetheless, Prieto-Godino et al. confirmed that Ir75a lost its sensitivity to acetic acid in D. sechellia. Thus, the D. sechelfia Ir75a gene is generally recognized as a pseudogene in OSNs.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0805900)the 2020 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(Grant No.202002011)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32002180)the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.ZDYF2021SHFZ230)。
文摘Animal models of human diseases play a critical role in medical research.Pigs are anatomically and physiologically more like humans than are small rodents such as mice,making pigs an attractive option for modeling human diseases.Advances in recent years in genetic engineering have facilitated the rapid rise of pig models for use in studies of human disease.In the present review,we summarize the current status of pig models for human cardiovascular,metabolic,neurodegenerative,and various genetic diseases.We also discuss areas that need to be improved.Animal models of human diseases play a critical role in medical research.Advances in recent years in genetic engineering have facilitated the rapid rise of pig models for use in studies of human disease.In the present review,we summarize the current status of pig models for human cardiovascular,metabolic,neurodegenerative,various genetic diseases and xenotransplantation.
文摘Overweight and obesity in people </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">epidemic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in North America and interna</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tionally. In the United States, the number of overweight children and adolescents has doubled in the last two to three decades, and similar increasing rates are being observed worldwide, including developing countries as Bangladesh </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">where an increase in Westernization of behavioral and dietary lifestyles is evident. Human diseases associated with overweight and obesity are similar in</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> children as in the adult population. The main purpose of this study was to examine the association </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">between</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> overweight and obesity with human disease and other factors in Bangladesh. We have attempted to estimate the relationship between </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">associated</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> variables by using the Pearson Chi-Square test. It also showed</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">how</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> important an individual variable is by itself. The study also employed a statistical </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">technique namely, logistic regression analysis which has been used to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">find out the association of overweight and obesity with human disease and other </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">factors. We have seen that 16.96</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> people are overweight </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 4.14</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> people are obese, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 21.1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> people are overweight or obese in Bangladesh. </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">From the logistic regression analysis technique among </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the independent variables type</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">place of residence, Highest educational level, Wealth index, Current marital status, Ever had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vaccination</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, Had fever in last two weeks, Had cough in last two weeks, Short, rapid breaths, Problem in the chest or blocked or running nose have </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">significant</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> effect on dependent variable BMI</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> classification.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31930057 to Fudi Wang and No.31970689 to Junxia Min)the National Key R&D Program(No.2018YFA0507801 to Junxia Min and No.2018YFA0507802 to Fudi Wang)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712733 to Xue Wang).
文摘Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent regulated form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation.In the past decade,it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases that together involve almost every organ of the body,including various cancers,neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascular diseases,lung diseases,liver diseases,kidney diseases,endocrine metabolic diseases,iron-overload-related diseases,orthopedic diseases and autoimmune diseases.Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its regulatory pathways could provide additional strategies for the management of these disease conditions.Indeed,there are an expanding number of studies suggesting that ferroptosis serves as a bona-fide target for the prevention and treatment of these diseases in relevant pre-clinical models.In this review,we summarize the progress in the research into ferroptosis and its regulatory mechanisms in human disease,while providing evidence in support of ferroptosis as a target for the treatment of these diseases.We also discuss our perspectives on the future directions in the targeting of ferroptosis in human disease.
基金supported by the grants from NIDDK (Grant No.3R01DK056924-08S1 and 5K24DK002957)NHLBI(Grant No. 1R21HL112678)
文摘MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules that have attracted tremendous attention from the biological and biomedical research communities over the past decade. With over 1900 miRNAs discovered in humans to date, many of them have already been implicated in common human disorders. Facilitated by high-throughput genomics and bioinformatics in conjunction with traditional molecular biology techniques and animal models, miRNA research is now positioned to make the transition from laboratories to clinics to deliver profound benefits to public health. Herein, we overview the progress of miRNA research related to human diseases, as well as the potential for miRNA to becoming the next generation of diagnostics and therapeutics.
基金supported by the grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program) awarded to N.L.(No.2011CBA01000) and L.L.(No. 2011CB944203)
文摘Genetically modified animal models are important for understanding the pathogenesis of human disease and developing therapeutic strategies. Although genetically modified mice have been widely used to model human diseases, some of these mouse models do not replicate important disease symptoms or pathology. Pigs are more similar to humans than mice in anatomy, physiology, and genome. Thus, pigs are considered to be better animal models to mimic some human diseases. This review describes genetically modified pigs that have been used to model various diseases including neurological, cardiovascular, and diabetic disorders. We also discuss the development in gene modification technology that can facilitate the generation of transgenic pig models for human diseases,
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81602492)the National Key Research,Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0201402)the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for“Significant New Drugs Development”(No.2018ZX09733001).
文摘In recent years,many studies have shown that histone methylation plays an important role in maintaining the active and silent state of gene expression in human diseases.The Jumonji domain-containing protein D3(JMJD3),specifically demethylate di-and trimethyllysine 27 on histone H3(H3K27me2/3),has been widely studied in immune diseases,infectious diseases,cancer,developmental diseases,and aging related diseases.We will focus on the recent advances of JMJD3 function in human diseases,and looks ahead to the future of JMJD3 gene research in this review.
基金This work was funded by Grants from National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1314900,2018YFC1314902)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61571109)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242017K3DN04).
文摘Circular RNA(circRNA)is a novel class of single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure.The majority of circRNAs are formed by a back-splicing process in pre-mRNA splicing.Their expression is dynamically regulated and shows spatiotemporal patterns among cell types,tissues and developmental stages.CircRNAs have important biological functions in many physiological processes,and their aberrant expression is implicated in many human diseases.Due to their high stability,circRNAs are becoming promising biomarkers in many human diseases,such as cardiovascular diseases,autoimmune diseases and human cancers.In this review,we focus on the translational potential of using human blood circRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for human diseases.We highlight their abundant expression,essential biological functions and significant correlations to human diseases in various components of peripheral blood,including whole blood,blood cells and extracellular vesicles.In addition,we summarize the current knowledge of blood circRNA biomarkers for disease diagnosis or prognosis.
基金This work was supported by from National Basic Research Program of China(973 program)(No.2015CB910401 to Yun Liu)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31471212 and No.31771451 to Yun Liu).
文摘Even though the importance of epigenetics was first recognized in light of its role in tissue development,an increasing amount of evidence has shown that it also plays an important role in the development and progression of many common diseases.We discuss some recent findings on one representative epigenetic modification,DNA methylation,in some common diseases.While many new risk factors have been identified through the population-based epigenetic epidemiologic studies on the role of epigenetics in common diseases,this relatively new field still faces many unique challenges.Here,we describe those promises and unique challenges of epigenetic epidemiological studies and propose some potential solutions.
文摘In this article, the authors summarized the RT-ABCDE strategy for the management and prevention of human diseases, which includes ReTro-ABCDE (Examination regularity, Disease and risk factor control, Changing lifestyle and reducing pathways of infection and spread, Biochemical and Antagonistic index control and therapeutic treatment as well as RT- Routine and Right Treatment). The RT-ABCDE strategy, a novel concept and an essential method, should be a routine strategy for disease control and prevention, It should be proposed and applied in both clinical and preventive medicine.
基金The authors apologize for the omission of additional applications of CRISPR/Cas9 or citations due to space limitations.This work was supported by Grant R01 AI087645(to H.H.)from the National Institutes of Health(NIH)/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID)Grants ES017761,AG044768,AG013319,and AG044271(to A.L.F.)from the NIH as well as funds from the South Texas VA Healthcare System(ALF).
文摘CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)technology has emerged as a powerful technology for genome editing and is now widely used in basic biomedical research to explore gene function.More recently,this technology has been increasingly applied to the study or treatment of human diseases,including Barth syndrome effects on the heart,Duchenne muscular dystrophy,hemophilia,b-Thalassemia,and cystic fibrosis.CRISPR/Cas9(CRISPR-associated protein 9)genome editing has been used to correct diseasecausing DNA mutations ranging from a single base pair to large deletions in model systems ranging from cells in vitro to animals in vivo.In addition to genetic diseases,CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has also been applied in immunology-focused applications such as the targeting of C-C chemokine receptor type 5,the programmed death 1 gene,or the creation of chimeric antigen receptors in T cells for purposes such as the treatment of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)or promoting anti-tumor immunotherapy.Furthermore,this technology has been applied to the genetic manipulation of domesticated animals with the goal of producing biologic medical materials,including molecules,cells or organs,on a large scale.Finally,CRISPR/Cas9 has been teamed with induced pluripotent stem(iPS)cells to perform multiple tissue engineering tasks including the creation of disease models or the preparation of donor-specific tissues for transplantation.This review will explore the ways in which the use of CRISPR/Cas9 is opening new doors to the treatment of human diseases.
文摘Model organisms have been widely used to dissect important biological phenomena, as well as to explore potential causes and treatments for human disorders. Much of our knowledge on molecular mechanisms underlying the heredity, development as well as physiology is largely derived from the researches of model organisms. We have witnessed an explosive increase in the development and application of genetic modified model organisms in the last decade.
基金The work was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773959 to C.F.Yuan and 81974528 to C.F.Yuan)the central government guides the special funds for the development of local science and technology(No.2020ZYYD016 to C.F.Yuan)Health commission of Hubei Province scientific research project in PR China(No.WJ2019H527 to C.F.Yuan).
文摘Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)exhibit a length more than 200 nucleotides and they are characterized by non-coding RNAs(ncRNA)not encoded into proteins.Over the past few years,the role and development of lncRNAs have aroused the rising attention of researchers.To be specific,KCNQ1OT1,the KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1,is clearly classified as a regulatory ncRNA.KCNQ1OT1 is capable of interacting with miRNAs,RNAs and proteins,thereby affecting gene expression and various cell functions(e.g.,cell proliferation,migration,epithelialemesenchymal transition(EMT),apoptosis,viability,autophagy and inflammation).KCNQ1OT1 is dysregulated in a wide range of human diseases(e.g.,cardiovascular disease,cancer,diabetes,osteoarthritis,osteoporosis and cataract),and it is speculated to act as a therapeutic target for treating various human diseases.On the whole,this review aims to explore the biological functions,underlying mechanisms and pathogenic roles of KCNQ1OT1 in human diseases.
文摘Caveolin-1(Cav-1)isoforms,including Cav-1αand Cav-1β,were identified as integral membrane proteins and the major components of caveolae.Cav-1 proteins are highly conserved during evolution from Caenorhabditis elegans to human and are capable of interacting with many signaling molecules through their caveolin scaffolding domains to regulate the activities of multiple signaling pathways.Thus,Cav-1 plays crucial roles in the regulation of cellular proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis in a cell-specific and contextual manner.In addition,Cav-1 is essential for embryonic development of vertebrates owing to its regulation of BMP,Wnt,TGF-βand other key signaling molecules.Moreover,Cav-1 is mainly expressed in terminally differentiated cells and its abnormal expression is often associated with human diseases,such as tumor progression,cardiovascular diseases,fibrosis,lung regeneration,and diseases related to virus.In this review,we will further discuss the potential of Cav-1 as a target for disease therapy and multiple drug resistance.
文摘The journal Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics (GPB) is now inviting submissions for a special issue (to be published in the fall of 2016) on the topic of "Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medicine". In the personalized medicine era, disease biomarkers have potential application in diagnosis, prognosis, and guidance for treatment, and are important tools in translational medicine. Diagnosis upon biomarkers would aid in early and more efficient intervention, while prognostic biomarkers could lead to right decision of medical treatment.
文摘The journal Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics (GPB) is now inviting submissions for a special issue (to be published in the fall of 2016) on the topic of "Biomarkers for Human Diseases and Translational Medicine". In the personalized medicine era, disease biomarkers have potential application in diagnosis, prognosis, and guidance for treatment, and are important tools in translational medicine. Diagnosis upon biomarkers would aid in early and more efficient intervention, while prognostic biomarkers could lead to right decision of medical treatment.
文摘The journal Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics (GPB) is now inviting submissions for a special issue (to be published in the fall of 2016) on the topic of "Biomarkers for Hunlan Diseases and Translational Medicine".
文摘The Sino-UK Symposium on Developmental Biology and Human Diseases opened in Tsinghua May 6, 2006. TheSymposium, which ran through May 8, 2006, was hosted by the Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University.