Inetetamab combined with tegafur as second-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive gastric cancer: A case report

BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)plays a vital role in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis.However,the prognosis of HER2-positive gastric cancer is poor.Inetetamab,a novel anti-HER2 targeting drug independently developed in China,exhibits more potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity than trastuzumab,which is administered as the first-line treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer in combination with chemotherapy.In this case,the efficacy and safety of inetetamab combined with tegafur was investigated as a second-line treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old male patient with HER2-positive gastric cancer presented with abdominal distension,poor appetite,and fatigue two years after receiving six cycles of oxaliplatin combined with tegafur as first-line treatment after surgery,followed by tegafur monotherapy for six months.The patient was diagnosed with postoperative recurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma.He received 17 cycles of a combination of inetetamab,an innovative domestically developed anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody,and tegafur chemotherapy as the second-line treatment(inetetamab 200 mg on day 1,every 3 wk combined with tegafur twice daily on days 1–14,every 3 wk).Evaluation of the efficacy of the second-line treatment revealed that the patient achieved a stable condition and progression-free survival of 17 months.He tolerated the treatment well without exhibiting any grade 3-4 adverse events.CONCLUSION Inetetamab combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive gastric cancer demonstrates significant survival benefits and acceptable safety.

SIRT1 inhibits apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro and in vivo

AIM:To explore the effect of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1(SIRT1)on modulating apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)and alleviating lens opacification of rats through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.METHODS:HLECs(SRA01/04)were treated with varying concentrations of tunicamycin(TM)for 24h,and the expression of SIRT1 and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)was assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence.Cell morphology and proliferation was evaluated using an inverted microscope and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,respectively.In the SRA01/04 cell apoptosis model,which underwent siRNA transfection for SIRT1 knockdown and SRT1720 treatment for its activation,the expression levels of SIRT1,CHOP,glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78),and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)were examined.The potential reversal of SIRT1 knockdown effects by 4-phenyl butyric acid(4-PBA;an ER stress inhibitor)was investigated.In vivo,age-related cataract(ARC)rat models were induced by sodium selenite injection,and the protective role of SIRT1,activated by SRT1720 intraperitoneal injections,was evaluated through morphology observation,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,Western blotting,and RT-PCR.RESULTS:SIRT1 expression was downregulated in TMinduced SRA01/04 cells.Besides,in SRA01/04 cells,both cell apoptosis and CHOP expression increased with the rising doses of TM.ER stress was stimulated by TM,as evidenced by the increased GRP78 and ATF4 in the SRA01/04 cell apoptosis model.Inhibition of SIRT1 by siRNA knockdown increased ER stress activation,whereas SRT1720 treatment had opposite results.4-PBA partly reverse the adverse effect of SIRT1 knockdown on apoptosis.In vivo,SRT1720 attenuated the lens opacification and weakened the ER stress activation in ARC rat models.CONCLUSION:SIRT1 plays a protective role against TM-induced apoptosis in HLECs and slows the progression of cataract in rats by inhibiting ER stress.These findings suggest a novel strategy for cataract treatment focused on targeting ER stress,highlighting the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 modulation in ARC development.

Effect of miR-27b-3p and Nrf2 in human retinal pigment epithelial cell induced by high-glucose

AIM:To determine whether the microRNA-27b-3p(miR-27b-3p)/NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway plays a role in human retinal pigment epithelial(hRPE)cell response to high glucose,how miR-27b-3p and Nrf2 expression are regulated,and whether this pathway could be specifically targeted.METHODS:hRPE cells were cultured in normal glucose or high glucose for 1,3,or 6d before measuring cellular proliferation rates using cell counting kit-8 and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels using a dihydroethidium kit.miR-27b-3p,Nrf2,NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)mRNA and protein levels were analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and immunocytofluorescence(ICF),respectively.Western blot analyses were performed to determine nuclear and total Nrf2 protein levels.Nrf2,NQO1,and HO-1 expression levels by RT-qPCR,ICF,or Western blot were further tested after miR-27b-3p overexpression or inhibitor lentiviral transfection.Finally,the expression level of those target genes was analyzed after treating hRPE cells with pyridoxamine.RESULTS:Persistent exposure to high glucose gradually suppressed hRPE Nrf2,NQO1,and HO-1 mRNA and protein levels and increased miR-27b-3p mRNA levels.High glucose also promoted ROS release and inhibited cellular proliferation.Nrf2,NQO1,and HO-1 mRNA levels decreased after miR-27b-3p overexpression and,conversely,both mRNA and protein levels increased after expressing a miR-27b-3p inhibitor.After treating hRPE cells exposed to high glucose with pyridoxamine,ROS levels tended to decreased,proliferation rate increased,Nrf2,NQO1,and HO-1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated,and miR-27b-3p mRNA levels were suppressed.CONCLUSION:Nrf2 is a downstream target of miR-27b-3p.Furthermore,the miR-27b-3p inhibitor pyridoxamine can alleviate high glucose injury by regulating the miR-27b-3p/Nrf2 axis.

Role of reactive oxygen species in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells

AIM:To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs).METHODS:Flow cytometry was used to assess ROS production after transforming growth factorβ2(TGF-β2)induction.Apoptosis of HLECs after H_(2)O_(2) and TGF-β2 interference with or without ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine(NAC)were assessed by flow cytometry.The corresponding protein expression levels of the EMT markerα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),the extracellular matrix(ECM),marker fibronectin(Fn),and apoptosis-associated proteins were detected by using Western blotting in the presence of an ROS scavenger(NAC).Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to assess the migration capability of HLECs.RESULTS:TGF-β2 stimulates ROS production within 8h in HLECs.Additionally,TGF-β2 induced HLECs cell apoptosis,EMT/ECM synthesis protein markers expression,and pro-apoptotic proteins production;nonetheless,NAC treatment prevented these responses.Similarly,TGF-β2 promoted HLECs cell migration,whereas NAC inhibited cell migration.We further determined that although ROS initiated apoptosis,it only induced the accumulation of the EMT markerα-SMA protein,but not COL-1 or Fn.CONCLUSION:ROS contribute to TGF-β2-induced EMT/ECM synthesis and cell apoptosis of HLECs;however,ROS alone are not sufficient for EMT/ECM synthesis.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive breast cancer

The body of evidence investigating human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2)directed therapy in patients with breast cancer(BC)has been growing within the last decade.Recently,the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)has been of particular interest in the treatment of human malignancies.This literature commentary is intended to highlight the most recent findings associated with the widely-studied TKI agents and their clinical significance in improving the outcomes of HER2 positive BC.

Effects of transforming growth factor β2 and connective tissue growth factor on induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix synthesis in human lens epithelial cells

AIM:To Investigate the effects of transforming growth factorβ2(TGF-β2)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)on transdifferentiation of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)cultured in vitro and synthesis of extracellular matrix(ECM).METHODS:HLECs were treated with TGF-β2(0,0.5,1.0,5,10μg/L)and CTGF(0,15,30,60,100μg/L)for different times(0,24,48,72h)in vitro and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),the main component of the extracellular matrix typeⅠcollagen(Col-1)and fibronectin(Fn)were measured by using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western-blot.RESULTS:TGF-β2 and CTGF significantly increased expression ofα-SMA mRNA and protein(P【0.05,P【0.001),Fn mRNA and protein(P【0.001),Col-1 mRNA and protein(P【0.001).TGF-β2 could induce HLECs expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in dosedependent manner(P【0.05,P【0.001).TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs to expressα-SMA,Fn and Col-1 in time-dependent manner.Each time of TGF-β2and CTGF induced HELCs expression ofα-SMA,Fn,Col-1 mRNA and protein was significant increase compared with control(P【0.05,P【0.001).CONCLUSION:TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs epithelial mesenchymal transition and ECM synthesis.

Human amniotic epithelial cells express specific markers of nerve cells and migrate along the nerve fibers in the corpus callosum

Human amniotic epithelial cells were isolated from a piece of fresh amnion. Using immunocytochemical methods, we investigated the expression of neuronal phenotypes （microtubule-associated protein-2, glial fibrillary acidic protein and nestin） in human amniotic epithelial cells. The conditioned medium of human amniotic epithelial cells promoted the growth and proliferation of rat glial cells cultured in vitro, and this effect was dose-dependent. Human amniotic epithelial cells were further transplanted into the corpus striatum of healthy adult rats and the grafted cells could integrate with the host and migrate 1 2 mm along the nerve fibers in corpus callosum. Our experimental findings indicate that human amniotic epithelial cells may be a new kind of seed cells for use in neurograft.

In vitro inhibition of proliferation,migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells by fasudil

AIM： To study the potential role of fasudil as a treatment for posterior capsular opacification（PCO） of the human crystalline lens.METHODS： Human lens epithelial cells（HLECs; line SRA01/04） was exposed to transforming growth factor-β2（TGF-β2） to induce the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）. Fasudil was applied to the cell samples. Its effect on overall HLECs proliferation and migration was studied, as was its influence on EMT induction by TGF-β2 using cell migration assay, MTT colorimetric assay and Western blot assay.RESULTS： Fasudil inhibited the proliferation of SRA01/04. Its effect was time-and concentration-dependent. The migration of SRA01/04 cells was significantly reduced 24-72 h after fasudil treatment, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration（IC50） was 22.37 μmol/mL at 72 h. Reversal of the elongated, fibroblast-like shape changes induced by TGF-β2 in SRA01/04 cells was observed. Fasudil up-regulated the expression of Connexin43 protein and down-regulated the expression of α-SMA protein compared with the cells treated with TGF-β2. Furthermore, when exposed to fasudil, the phosphorylation of Rhoassociated protein kinase（Rock） and myosin light chain（MLC） could not be activated in the cell preparations.CONCLUSION： Fasudil suppresses the proliferation and migration of SRA01/04 cells, and inhibits the process of EMT induced by TGF-β2. These results suggest that fasudil may serve as a therapeutic agent for PCO.

4-HNE Induces Apoptosis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Modifying HSP70

The role of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) induced by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) was explored. Different concentrations of 4-HNE were used to stimulate ARPE-19 cells, and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptotic-related proteins, HSP70, X-linked inhibitorof- apoptosis (XIAP), Bcl-2, and Bax were quantified by Western blotting. HSP70 and XIAP overexpression plasmids, or their corresponding siRNAs were transfected into ARPE-19 cells using Lipofectamine. 2000. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting were used to detect the effect of 4-HNE on the expression of HSP70 and the binding level between 4-HNE and HSP70. The results showed that 4-HNE induced late apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells, accompanied by elevated levels of 4-HNE-modified IISP70, but it did not affect HSP70 protein expression. 4-HNE-modified HSP70 down-regulated the expression of the apoptosis inhibitory protein XIAP. Overexpression of HSP70 or XIAP inhibited 4-HNE-induced apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells. It was suggested that 4-HNE could promote XIAP degradation by modification of HSP70 to induce late apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

NE激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路调节人子宫内膜上皮细胞的氧化应激

目的明确去甲肾上腺素(NE)是否能通过核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)和血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)调控培养的人子宫内膜上皮细胞(hEECs)的氧化应激状态。方法培养hEECs,通过逆转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测α和β肾上腺素能受体在hEECs的表达;细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)实验确定NE处理对细胞活性的影响,根据结果将细胞分为处理组和对照组,选择合适浓度进行处理;通过Western blot实验,检测闭锁蛋白(Occludin),闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1),凋亡相关蛋白B细胞淋巴瘤-2蛋白(Bcl-2),Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax),抗氧化应激蛋白Nrf2、HO-1的表达,流式细胞术检测NE处理后细胞凋亡的情况;酶联免疫吸附试验试剂盒(ELISA)检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平。结果在hEECs上检测到α1 a、α1 b、α2 a、α2 b、α2 c、β1、β3肾上腺素能受体的表达。NE处理后,在低浓度(5、10μmol/L)不明显影响细胞活力,而15、20μmol/L NE处理细胞6 h或24 h均明显增加细胞活性。紧密连接蛋白ZO-1和Occludin在15μmol/L 24 h处理组显著升高。ZO-1在6 h处理组下降,15μmol/L处理显著下降,同时Occludin在6 h处理组升高。NE处理后与对照相比,细胞凋亡率升高,15μmol/L NE处理细胞6 h凋亡率显著升高,处理24 h后细胞凋亡率有所下降,凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2/Bax>1。NE处理后,上调Nrf2及HO-1,细胞培养基上清液中的MDA水平没有明显升高,同时SOD水平明显上调。结论NE处理细胞后可通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号,上调SOD,发挥抗氧化应激、抗凋亡的作用。

Cross-talk between microRNA-let7c and transforming growth factor-β2 during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells

AIM: To explore the roles of microRNA-let7 c(miR-let7 c) and transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2) and cellular signaling during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS: Retinal pigment epithelial(ARPE-19) cells were cultured with no serum for 12 h, and then with recombinant human TGF-β2 for different lengths of time. ARPE-19 cells were transfected with 1×106 TU/mL miR-let7 c mimcs(miR-let7 cM), miR-let7 c mimcs negative control(miR-let7cMNC) and miR-let7 c inhibitor(miR-let7 cI) using the transfection reagent. The expression of keratin-18, vimentin, N-cadherin, IKB alpha, p65 were detected by Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The expression of miR-let7c was dramatically reduced and the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathway was activated after induction by TGF-β2(P<0.05). In turn, overexpressed miR-let7 c significantly inhibited TGF-β2-induced EMT(P<0.05). However, miR-let7 c was unable to inhibit TGF-β2-induced EMT when the NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited by BAY11-7082(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The miR-let7 c regulates TGF-β2-induced EMT through the NF-κB signaling pathway in ARPE-19 cells.

槐杞黄通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路减轻高糖诱导的HK-2细胞氧化应激

目的:探讨槐杞黄(HQH)是否通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路减轻高糖诱导的HK-2细胞氧化应激。方法:将HK-2细胞随机分为:正常组、渗透压对照组、高糖组、槐杞黄组和卡托普利组。采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力;荧光探针检测ROS水平;试剂盒检测SOD活性、MDA和GSH含量;免疫荧光法检测Nrf2的表达;qRT-PCR法检测IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α以及Nrf2/HO-1 mRNA表达水平;Western blot法检测Nrf2/HO-1通路的表达。结果:与正常组比较,高糖组细胞存活率明显降低(P<0.0001);细胞中ROS、MDA含量升高(P<0.0001),SOD和GSH活性降低(P<0.0001);Nrf2的表达降低;IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-αmRNA表达量均明显升高(P<0.001);Nrf2/HO-1蛋白和mRNA表达量明显减少(P<0.001);与高糖组相比,槐杞黄组细胞存活率明显升高(P<0.05);细胞中ROS、MDA含量明显降低(P<0.0001),SOD和GSH活性升高(P<0.01);Nrf2的表达增加;IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-αmRNA表达量明显降低(P<0.01);Nrf2/HO-1蛋白和mRNA表达量均明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:槐杞黄可能通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路,提高机体抗氧化水平,改善高糖诱导的HK-2细胞氧化损伤。

LncRNA FEZF1-AS1通过调控EZH2对肺间质细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的作用

目的研究长链非编码RNA FEZ家族锌指1-反义RNA 1(lncRNA FEZF1-AS1)调控zeste同源物增强子2(EZH2)对肺间质细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力及上皮细胞-间质转化(EMT)的影响及其作用机制。方法将人肺腺癌细胞系A549分为对照组(control)和模型组[model,用转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)20 ng/mL作用48 h,诱导成为肺间质细胞]。用Western blot检测细胞中E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)及波形蛋白(vimentin)的蛋白表达。RT-qPCR检测细胞中lncRNA FEZF1-AS1和EZH2基因表达。转染组细胞分为转染si NC组、si lncRNA FEZF1-AS1+OE vector组和si lncRNA FEZF1-AS1+OE EZH2组。CCK-8法检测细胞增殖、细胞划痕检测细胞迁移、Transwell小室法检测细胞侵袭;用Western blot检测细胞中E-cadherin、N-cadherin、vimentin及EZH2的蛋白表达,用RNA免疫沉淀(RIP)测定FEZF1-AS1与EZH2的直接结合作用。结果与对照组比较,模型组E-cadherin的蛋白表达水平减少(P<0.05);N-cadherin及vimentin的蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组lncRNA FEZF1-AS1与EZH2基因的表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与si NC组相比,si lncRNA FEZF1-AS1+OE vector组细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力降低,E-cadherin蛋白表达升高,N-cadherin、vimentin、EZH2蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与si lncRNA FEZF1-AS1+OE vector组比较,si lncRNA FEZF1-AS1+OE EZHZ组细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力升高,E-cadherin蛋白表达降低,N-cadherin、vimentin、EZH2蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);RIP实验进一步证实了lncRNA FEZF1-AS1与EZH2具有结合作用。结论LncRNA FEZF1-AS1通过调控EZH2促进肺间质细胞增殖、侵袭、转移和EMT过程。

Loss of human epidermal receptor-2 in human epidermal receptor-2+breast cancer after neoadjuvant treatment:A case report

BACKGROUND Human epidermal receptor-2(HER-2)expression has been reported to be discordant between primary tumor and metastatic tissue.CASE SUMMARY We presented a case diagnosed with the HER-2+breast cancer patient who exhibited changes in the expression of HER-2 receptors on tumour samples from surgical specimens obtained after neoadjuvant treatment(NAT)compared with initial biopsy.The patient underwent a HER-2-targeted therapy consequently,in spite of HER+gene loss.After the surgery,the patient subsequently underwent endocrine therapy and radiotherapy.CONCLUSION Changes in HER-2 expression after NAT should be retested by physicians and pathologists before systemic treatment instead of avoiding further HER-2-targeted therapy,and we will perform immunohistochemical multiple-spot biopsy analyses of other important clinical issues to better define prognosis and tailor subsequent adjuvant therapy.

人表皮生长因子受体-2及表皮生长因子受体在人乳头瘤病毒相关型宫颈腺癌中的表达变化及与临床病理特征的关系

目的探究人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER2)及表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)相关型宫颈腺癌中的表达变化及与临床病理特征的关系。方法选取2016年1月至2023年6月赣州市妇幼保健院的120例HPV相关型宫颈腺癌患者为观察组,同期的40例慢性宫颈炎患者为对照组。比较两组患者的组织HER2及EGFR表达情况,并比较观察组中不同年龄、silva分型、FIGO分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移情况、脉管累及情况及阴道壁累及情况者的检测结果,采用Spearman相关性分析明确组织HER2及EGFR表达与HPV相关型宫颈腺癌临床病理特征的关系。结果观察组的HER2及EGFR阳性表达率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组中不同silva分型、FIGO分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移、脉管及阴道壁累及情况者的HER2阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组中silva分型C型与其他分型、不同FIGO分期、淋巴结转移、脉管及阴道壁累及情况者的EGFR阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,HPV相关型宫颈腺癌HER2表达与silva分型、FIGO分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移、脉管及阴道壁累及情况相关(P<0.05)。EGFR表达与silva分型、FIGO分期、淋巴结转移、脉管及阴道壁累及情况相关(P<0.05)。结论HER2及EGFR在HPV相关型宫颈腺癌中呈现高表达状态,且HER2表达与silva分型、FIGO分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移、脉管及阴道壁累及情况有关,EGFR表达与silva分型、FIGO分期、淋巴结转移、脉管及阴道壁累及情况有关,在本病患者中的检测价值较高。

乳腺癌超声征象与雌激素受体、孕激素受体、人类上皮生长因子受体-2表达的相关性研究

目的:探讨乳腺癌超声特征与雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类上皮生长因子受体-2(CerB-2)表达及预后的相关性。方法:选取2019年8月—2020年8月贵州航天医院收治的63例乳腺癌患者为研究对象,所有患者行常规超声检查与分子生物学相关指标检查。结果:63例乳腺癌患者中,ER阳性表达41例(65.08%),PR阳性表达30例(47.62%),CerB-2阳性表达27例(42.86%);ER、PR和CerB-2表达阳性的肿块中,肿块>20 mm与≤20 mm比较,不规则与规则肿块间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ER、PR和CerB-2表达阳性的肿块边缘有毛刺征和后方回声衰减发生率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ER、PR表达阳性的肿块中,血供、微钙化、腋窝淋巴情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CerB-2表达阳性的肿块更易出现微钙化,血流信号更丰富,也更易发生淋巴结转移,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺癌超声特征与ER、PR、CerB-2的表达存在一定相关性,超声检查可为乳腺癌的术前诊断、治疗及评估预后提供重要依据。

HER-2对胃癌细胞生物学行为及EMT、Wnt通路的影响

目的探讨人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)的表达对胃癌细胞粘附、迁移等生物学行为的影响,并探讨其表达与上皮间质转化(EMT)及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的关系。方法利用小干扰RNA技术,在SGC-7901胃癌细胞中沉默HER-2表达;采用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)及Western blotting法验证HER-2的沉默效果,并将实验分为空白组、空载体组和HER-2沉默组;采用MTT比色法检测细胞粘附能力,Transwell小室法检测细胞迁移及侵袭能力;qPCR和Western blotting法检测EMT相关蛋白E-cadherin、Vimentin、Snail及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路GSK-3β、β-catenin、c-Myc的mRNA和蛋白表达情况。结果HER-2沉默组中HER-2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平低于空白组和空载体组(P<0.001),而空白组和空载体组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与空白组和空载体组比较,HER-2沉默组胃癌细胞的粘附能力、迁移能力和侵袭能力均显著下降(P<0.001)。HER-2沉默组胃癌细胞Vimentin和Snail的mRNA和蛋白表达均降低,E-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白表达升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与空白组和空载体组比较,HER-2沉默组胃癌细胞β-catenin和c-Myc的mRNA和蛋白表达均降低,GSK-3β的mRNA和蛋白表达升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论HER-2表达影响胃癌细胞的生物学行为,其可能通过促进EMT及影响Wnt/β-catenin信号通路,从而增强胃癌细胞的粘附、迁移及侵袭能力。

GLS1通过激活Nrf2/HO-1轴抑制过氧化氢诱导的ARPE-19细胞氧化应激、自噬与凋亡

目的探究GLS1对过氧化氢诱导的ARPE-19细胞氧化应激、自噬与凋亡的影响及机制。方法ARPE-19细胞分为对照组、H_(2)O_(2)组、H_(2)O_(2)+Vector组、H_(2)O_(2)+GLS1组,对照组细胞不做任何处理,H_(2)O_(2)组细胞用200μmol/L H_(2)O_(2)诱导48h,H_(2)O_(2)+Vector组和H_(2)O_(2)+GLS1组细胞转染Vector和GLS1质粒后用200μmol/L H_(2)O_(2)诱导48 h,比色法测定各组细胞SOD、GSH和MDA浓度,透射电镜观察各组细胞自噬小体,流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡水平,Western blot检测各组细胞Nrf2、HO-1、LC3-Ⅱ、p62的表达。结果与对照组比较,H_(2)O_(2)组ARPE-19细胞SOD、GSH表达显著下降,MDA显著增加,自噬小体数目显著增加,细胞凋亡显著增加,LC3-Ⅱ表达显著上调,P62、抗核因子红系2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)、血红素氧合酶1(heme Oxygenase-1,HO-1)表达显著下调。与H_(2)O_(2)+Vector组比较,H_(2)O_(2)+GLS1组细胞SOD、GSH表达显著增加,MDA显著降低,自噬小体数目显著减少,细胞凋亡显著减少,LC3-Ⅱ表达显著下调,P62、Nrf2、HO-1表达显著上调。结论GLS1可抑制H_(2)O_(2)诱导的ARPE-19细胞氧化应激、自噬与凋亡,其机制为激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路。

小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂A2B通过调控PI3K/Akt通路诱导胃癌细胞凋亡

目的:探讨小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂A2B诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡的分子机制。方法:体外培养人胃癌SGC-7901细胞并加入2.5~160μmol/L梯度浓度的A2B分别干预24、48和72 h,利用CCK-8法检测细胞活力的半数抑制浓度(IC50),筛选出药物最适浓度。后续实验将SGC-7901细胞随机分为对照组(正常培养组)、溶剂组(含0.08%DMSO培养液处理)、A2B 10μmol/L实验组和A2B 20μmol/L实验组,每组每项实验均重复3次。利用EdU细胞染色实验和平板集落形成实验检测各组细胞增殖能力;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测各组细胞凋亡率;线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒(JC-1染色法)检测各组细胞线粒体膜电位变化;Western blot检测各组细胞中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)、细胞间充质-表皮转化因子(c-Met)、B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、caspase-3、cleaved caspase-3、蛋白激酶B(PKB/Akt)和磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)蛋白的表达情况。结果:(1)A2B作用于人胃癌SGC-7901细胞24、48和72 h的IC50值分别为26.85、19.58和12.24μmol/L;(2)20μmol/L A2B能够同时下调EGFR、HER2和c-Met蛋白水平(P<0.01);(3)10和20μmol/L A2B作用于SGC-7901细胞后,EdU+细胞数和集落数均显著减少(P<0.01);(4)经A2B处理后SGC-7901细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.05),JC-1绿色荧光比例增加(P<0.01),同时Bax/Bcl-2比值和cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达水平上调(P<0.05),caspase-3蛋白表达水平下调(P<0.05);(5)A2B还下调了SGC-7901细胞中p-Akt/Akt比值(P<0.05)。结论:A2B能够靶向作用于EGFR、HER2和c-Met,并通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路激活,诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞发生凋亡。

Blockade of cholecystokinin-2 receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 synergistically induces cell apoptosis, and inhibits the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells in vitro

Gastrin and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) playimportant roles in the carcinogenesis and progression ofgastric cancer.However,it remains unknown whether the combination of cholecystokinin-2(CCK-2) receptor antagonist plus COX-2 inhibitor exerts synergistic anti-tumor effects on human gastric cancer.Here,we demonstrated that the combination of AG-041R(a CCK-2 receptor antagonist) plus NS-398(a selective COX-2 inhibitor) treatment had synergistic effects on proliferation inhibition,apoptosis induction,down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax expression in MKN-45 cells.These results indicate that simultaneous targeting of CCK-2 receptor and COX-2 may inhibit gastric cancer development more effectively than targeting either molecule alone.(C)2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.All rights reserved.