THE DISTRIBUTION OF ATRIONATRIURETIC POLYPEPTIDE (ANP)-LIKE SUBSTANCE IN THE HEART OF THE HUMAN FETUS AND RAT-AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

human fetuses and 15 SD rats were used in this study. The distribution of theANPlike substance in the hearts of human fetuses and rats was studied. The results were as follows:①In human fetus ANP-like substance was found throughout in the atrial wall, but more intensely in the inner layer. It lacked in the ventricular wall. ②In young rat atrum, ANP-like substance wasdistributed over the whole wall, but richer in the cells beneath the endocardium and epicardium. In adult rat atrium, distribution of ANP-like substance was more intensely beneath the epicardium than that near the lumen. In the ventricle, ANP-like substance was found only in the young rat, especially on the left side of interventricular septum (IVS). So the distribution of ANP in rat hearts changes with age. ③In the sinus node (SAN) and atrioventricular node (AVN) of both human fetuses and rats showed a small amount of ANP-like substance, and more in peripheral part of the nodes, but thereactive intensity was weaker than that of the atrial wall. The presence of ANP in conduction system may have some functional significance to influence the pulse conduction.

A NEW STRUCTURE OF SMALL INTENSELY FLUORESCENT CELLS IN SUPERIOR MESENTERIC GANGLION OF HUMAN FETUS

Superior mesenteric ganglia of six fetuses (35-40 weeks old) were investigated by histochemical fluorescent method. In addition to solitary SIF cells and clusters of SIF cells reported previously, a new structure of SIF cells was found and named ''SIF-cell nodule''. The SIF-cell nodule was composed of a large number of SIF cells and was encapsulated by dense connective tissue. Some blood vessels and nerve fibers entered the nodule. Based on the morphology, we speculated that SIF-cell nodule might be an endocrine gland.

孕妇HPV感染分型及与新生儿感染关系

目的:探究孕妇人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染分型及与新生儿感染关系。方法:选取本院2020年1月-2023年10月产前检查诊断为HPV感染的孕妇100例临床资料,统计孕妇HPV感染分型构成比,检测新生儿HPV感染率及不同分型构成比,根据HPV分型分为高危组、低危组,对比两组孕产妇免疫功能指标及新生儿结局差异。结果:100例HPV感染孕妇,高危型HPV(75.0%)、低危型HPV(25.0%);新生儿HPV感染率为40.0%,高危型HPV(77.5%)、低危型(22.5%);高危组孕妇免疫功能CD3^(+)(44.21±3.45)%、CD4^(+)(30.44±3.14)%水平均低于低危组(56.44±4.12、42.84±3.45)%,早产(28.0%)、胎膜早破(21.3%)、胎儿生长受限(30.7%)及新生儿HPV感染率(46.7%)均高于低危组(8.0%、4.0%、8.0%、20.0%)(均P<0.05)。结论:HPV16、HPV18、HPV52是孕妇的主要HPV感染高危型,其新生儿HPV感染且感染分型与孕母一致性较高,高危型HPV感染孕妇可能通过免疫失衡增加新生儿不良结局风险。

TORCH联合血清β-hCG、AFP、uE3检测诊断超声软指标异常胎儿价值

目的:探究TORCH联合血清人绒膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)和游离雌三醇(uE3)检测对超声软指标异常胎儿产前诊断价值。方法:选取2021年7月-2023年12月于本院产前检查胎儿超声软指标异常的孕妇324例(300例单项软指标异常、24例≥2项软指标异常)纳入异常组,产前检查健康产妇300例纳入对照组。均行TORCH血清学检测,测定血清AFP、freeβ-hCG及uE3水平。对比两组血清TORCH、β-hCG、AFP和uE3检测结果;对比不同软指标异常组血清TORCH、β-hCG、AFP和uE3检测结果;ROC分析TORCH联合血清β-hCG、AFP和uE3对超声软指标异常胎儿产前诊断价值。结果:与对照组相比,异常组血清TORCH阳性率、β-hCG、AFP水平更高,血清uE3水平更低(均P<0.05);与单项软指标异常组相比,多项软指标异常组血清TORCH阳性率、β-hCG、AFP更高,血清uE3水平更低(均P<0.05);ROC工作曲线结果显示,血清TORCH、β-hCG、AFP和uE3联合检测诊断超声软指标异常孕妇的AUC分别为0.927,显著高于指标单独检测,且敏感度和特异度均较高,分别为90.00%和92.59%。结论:对产前检查孕妇行血清TORCH联合β-hCG、AFP和uE3检测,有助于提升超声软指标异常胎儿的产前诊断率,可为临床提供一种准确有效的诊断方法。

Circadian Rhythms of Physiological Functions of the Pregnant Woman and the Fetus and the Biological Solemnity Thereof

The basic rhythms of nature that left their imprint on the existence of all living organism on the Earth, arose under the influence of the Earth’s rotation relative to the Sun, the Moon and other planets and stars of the Universe. This periodicity gave rise to the rhythm that has become essential for their life. Life is a continual chemical process of building up and breaking down of organic substances, which results from the substance exchange between an organism and the environment. This makes it impossible for a living organism to exist without the external environment. Since 1978-1979 we have been carrying out a task-oriented research with the aim to approximate the moment when we are able to answer all these questions. Daily fluctuations of cardiac and motor activity of the fetus have been studied (uninterrupted daily recording of fetal ECG);polysomnography of nocturnal sleep was recorded;daily fluctuations of endocrine system activity in the pregnant were studied. A correlation was made between the functional state of maternal sleep-wakefulness biological rhythm, biological clock of the human fetus and the “light-darkness” cycle of a 24-hour solar day. In the process of the study we have developed an original method of day-to-day analysis of maternal and fetal ECGs. It has been established that a healthy fetus has distinct, diurnal variations of physiological functions. The fetal biorhythms coordinate with the status of the maternal organism being, however, in an opposite phase. The curve of the dynamics of fetal physiological system functioning shows a biphasic nature (one-phase in adults). “Active” and “quiet” (sleep-like) periods have been singled out in the human fetus. No reaction is observed in “quiet” periods. However, the “zero”-type fetal reaction recorded by us within the period from 2 p.m. to 9 p.m. does not indicate unsatisfactory condition of the fetus but rather is suggestive of a definite reduction of functional levels of the fetal physiological systems, which is necessary for vital activity. Although conventionally recognized as an indicator of poor state of the fetus, this type only calls for precise attention when recorded in fetal “active” hours. The present study has been the first in the world’s medicine and biorhythmology to detect and establish the daily rhythms of cardiac and motor activity in the human fetus.

血清孕酮、β-HCG、INF-γ及IL-10检测预测黄体功能不足性流产患者保胎结局的价值

目的探讨血清孕酮、β-绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)、γ干扰素(INF-γ)及白介素-10(IL-10)检测预测黄体功能不足性流产患者保胎结局的价值。方法回顾性选取2021年1月至2022年12月在西北妇女儿童医院治疗的96例黄体功能不足先兆性流产患者纳入观察组,选择同期产检的103例健康孕妇纳入对照组,比较两组孕妇孕6周、8周及10周的血清孕酮、β-HCG、INF-γ及IL-10水平;按观察组孕妇的保胎结局分为保胎成功组74例和妊娠失败组22例,采用Pearson法分析血清孕酮、β-HCG、INF-γ及IL-10水平与保胎结局的相关性,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得到曲线下面积(AUC),以AUC评价孕酮、β-HCG、INF-γ及IL-10对黄体功能不足性先兆流产患者保胎结局的预测效能。结果观察组孕妇孕6周、8周和10周的孕酮、β-HCG和IL-10水平明显低于对照组,但INF-γ水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);保胎成功组孕妇孕10周孕酮、β-HCG]及IL-10水平明显高于妊娠失败组,但INF-γ明显低于妊娠失败组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关性分析结果显示,孕10周孕酮、β-HCG及IL-10与保胎结局呈正相关(P<0.05),INF-γ与保胎结局呈负相关(P<0.05);经ROC分析结果显示,孕10周的孕酮、β-HCG、INF-γ及IL-10预测黄体功能不足先兆性流产患者保胎结局的AUC分别为0.953、0.853、0.897、0.875,均具有较好预测价值(P<0.05)。结论孕酮、β-HCG、IL-10及INF-γ与黄体功能不足先兆性流产患者保胎结局密切相关,可作为其保胎结局的预测指标。

Changes of peroxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde level in the smooth muscle cells of human fetal aorta cultured in vitro by low density lipoprotein conditional medium

Here are reported the changes of superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity andmalondialdehyde(MDA)in the smooth muscle cells of human fetal aorta cultured in vitro with lowdensity lipoprotein(LDL)conditional medium.The results showed that a single concentration of hu-man LDL(50μg/ml)stimulated proliferation of smooth muscle cells,and the SOD activityof the cells in the experimental group was higher,from the first to the fifth cultured day whenthe cells had a active proliferation,than that of the control cells.This suggests that LDL might in-duce the increase of SOD activity.At the seventh day,as the cells were in inactive proliferation,SOD activity was low and the difference was significant as compared with that at the fifth day ofthe same group.This also indicates that the SOD activity may be related to the cell proliferation.MDA level within the cells of the esperimental group was lowered with the cell active proliferationand the increase of SOD activity,but when the cells were in inactive proliferation and the SOD ac-tivity decreased,it will remained low.

Regulation Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Human Fetal Choroid Vascularization

Purpose:To investigate the spatial and temporal regulation effect of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)on human fetal choroid vascularization.Methods:The eyeballs of 54human fetuses from the 9th week to the40th week due to accidental abortion were studied by immunohistochemically staining for the expression of VEGF and proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA).Results:(1)The distribution of VEGF expression in the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)decreased with the increase of age,the peak of which was between the 9th and 14th week,(2)PCNAimmunoreactivity was localized within choriocapillaris endothe-lium,THe expression level decreased alone with fetus age,In this period the chori-ocapillaris endothelium kept proliferation,differentiation.canalization and remodelled to form the choroid vessels.(3)Statistically significant correlations were shown between the expression of VEGF in the PRE and that of PCNAin choriocapillaris endothelium(r=0.933,P<0.01).Conclusion:VEGF expression in PRE was positively involved in modulating human fetal choroid vascularization.Eye Science2000;16:11-14.

Regulation effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on vascularization and angiogenesis in developmental human fetal retinas

目的 :研究血管内皮生长因子 ( Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF)对人胚胎视网膜血管发生的调节作用。方法 :收集 54例 9～ 4 0周龄胎儿眼球后壁标本 ,免疫组织化学染色 ,光镜观察。结果 :1VEGF在视网膜的表达呈波峰式分布 ,高峰在 9～ 13周及 2 6周左右。 2节细胞层的梭形细胞(血管内皮细胞前体细胞 )、血管内皮细胞呈增殖细胞核抗原 ( Proliferation cell nucelear antigen,PCNA)免疫反应阳性 ,水平波动 ,高峰在 9～ 13周及 2 1周前后 ,此期间梭形细胞不断增殖、分化形成内皮细胞索 ,经改建形成视网膜内层血管 ,2 6、34周起见内核层内、外缘血管内皮细胞呈 PCNA免疫反应阳性 ,并保持至足月。 3视网膜 VEGF表达量与梭形细胞、血管内皮细胞 PCNA表达量呈显著正相关( r=0 .736,P<0 .0 1)。结论

足月人胎胸腺实质的肥大细胞

用阿尔新蓝-番红花红(AB-S)、长时间甲苯胺蓝(LTB)、氯醋酸酯酶3种组织化学方法和电镜观察证实,人胎胸腺实质中存在肥大细胞,并分别作了计数。结果表明,皮质中肥大细胞数目较髓质多。用AB-S染色,胞质内含阿尔新蓝阳性(蓝染)颗粒的肥大细胞数较含番红花红阳性(红染)颗粒的数目多。结合超微结构观察表明,胸腺实质中的肥大细胞颗粒特点符合胰蛋白酶阳性肥大细胞(TMC)类型。本文就其存在、数目和染色特性进行了讨论。

人胚胎海马发育的形态学研究──Ⅰ．一般结构观察

利用Ｎｉｓｓｌ染色及体视学方法，对６０例６周至足月人胚胎海马进行了研究。根据海马形态变化及锥体细胞分化特征，将海马发育分为三个阶段．第一期以海马外形及内部结构建立为主；第二期以锥体细胞的形成和海马外形、内部结构进一步完善为特征；第三期锥体细胞日趋成熟．在胚胎早期，锥体层和颗粒层由大量未分化细胞构成，细胞为球状，体积小，胞质少，染色深，以后逐步分化为锥体细胞及颗粒细胞．体视学资料表明，颗粒细胞、锥体细胞的数密度及细胞核体密度随胎龄增长而降低，而细胞算术平均体积则逐步增加。上述参数变化因其部位不同而有所差异，说明锥体细胞分化、发育是不均匀的。ＣＡ２区分化快，发育好，颗粒细胞分化最迟缓。

人胚胎肾小体和肾小管的发育

对３２例（８～２８周）人胚胎肾进行光镜、透射电镜和扫描电镜观察。结果表明：胚胎肾小体的发育可分为原始期（ⅠＳ）、发育期（ⅡＳ）和成熟期（ⅢＳ）３个阶段。８周胚肾有少量ⅡＳ肾小体，并形成滤过膜的３层结构。２０周胎儿肾内约３０％肾小体达ⅢＳ。２８周胎儿肾内约５０％肾小体达ⅢＳ。肾小管的发育与所属肾小体的发育程度相应，可分为分化早期、发育期和成熟期３个阶段。８周胚肾可见少量发育期的近端小管和远端小管。１２周胎儿肾内可见发育期髓袢细段。２０周胎儿肾内成熟期肾小管数量增多。

突触素在人胎儿海马的表达与发育的研究

目的探讨突触素在不同周龄阶段人胎儿海马中的表达与胎儿海马发育的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法(S-P法),观察突触素在不同周龄的人胎儿海马中的表达水平,利用计算机图像分析技术测量不同周龄阶段海马突触素表达的平均光密度。结果光镜下突触素免疫反应产物主要以颗粒状、点状形式存在于海马各层,在各层中分布不均匀;16-20W胎儿海马中已出现了阳性产物,21-25W阳性产物表达增多明显(P<0.05),25-29W阳性产物表达有下降趋势(P<0.05),30-39W阳性产物表达又显著升高(P<0.05)。结论突触素的数量可以反映突触发育的程度,在人胎儿海马中突触素的数量随神经细胞的发育成熟而增加,其间突触素表达的波动可能与突触形成需经历的过度生长及重塑有关。

人胚胎海马发育的形态学研究 Ⅴ.室管膜的发生

运用HE和Nissl染色、免疫组织化学法、透射电镜及扫描电镜，对60例6周至足月的人胚胎海马室管膜上皮变化进行了观察。发现胚胎发育过程中室管膜发生了剧烈变化。最早室管层神经上皮细胞为假复层柱状，随着未分化细胞向外迁徙，海马室管膜层神经上皮细胞迅速增殖，形成复层上皮。当室管膜层细胞停止迁徙时，室管膜开始向假复层柱状及单层柱状上皮转变。电镜观察，胚胎早期神经上皮细胞由未分化细胞构成；其特点是，细胞质内各种特化细胞器匮乏，但糖原丰富。15周左右未分化细胞开始向长突细胞及室管膜细胞分化。长突细胞电子密度高，底部有细长突起，表面有微绒毛，胞质内微丝丰富；而室管膜细胞电子密度低，底部无突起，但表面有丰富的纤毛。对长突细胞及免疫组化染色的GFAP阳性细胞进行形态和发育特征的比较，提示两者属同一类细胞。扫描电镜下，15周前室管膜表面微绒毛较多，以后纤毛逐步发育，大量密集纤毛布满于室管膜表面。此外，还能见到一类接触脑脊液神经元，这类神经元可为多极或双极，并有突起伸入室管膜上皮内。

胎儿、婴幼儿的功能性多不饱和脂肪酸需要概况

探讨了胎儿、婴幼儿体内 n－ 3、 n－ 6系列多不饱和脂肪酸的水平变化与其正常发育的关联。在此基础上，介绍了包括 DHA、花生四烯酸、γ－亚麻酸在内的强化多不饱和脂肪酸的婴幼儿乳粉配方及其营养模式。

人小龄胚胎神经干细胞的分离培养、扩增及鉴定

目的探索人胚胎神经干细胞的体外分离培养条件,从而在体外大量扩增神经干细胞;并观察神经干细胞增殖、分化的特点。方法从人胚胎脑分离神经干细胞,部分细胞冻存,另一部分细胞进行体外培养。采用无血清培养液,加入表皮生长因子(EGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)刺激细胞增殖,进行体外扩增、传代培养。采用免疫荧光法鉴定神经干细胞和分化的神经元及胶质细胞。结果从人胚胎脑分离的细胞在含有EGF和bFGF的无血清培养液中能形成大量的神经干细胞球,这些神经干细胞球可在体外扩增及传代培养。免疫荧光法鉴定神经干细胞球中大部分为神经上皮干细胞蛋白(nestin)表达阳性细胞。贴壁后可以分化出神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达阳性的细胞。经冻存后的胎脑细胞也能培养出具有同样特征的神经干细胞。结论在含有EGF和bFGF的无血清培养液中,从人胚胎脑能分离培养出神经干细胞,并能在体外大量扩增。这为人类神经干细胞的进一步研究和应用提供了材料。

胎儿肺泡上皮和气血屏障的电镜观察

为阐明不同胎龄肺泡表面上皮和气血屏障的发育状况,对24例受精龄为14～40周的人胎肺脏,进行透射电镜观察。胎龄19周时,即可辨认肺泡Ⅰ型上皮细胞和气血屏障。图像分析表明,气血屏障的厚度,随胎龄的增长而变薄。Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞,在胎龄20周后逐渐分化,22周时胞质内出现板层小体,小体的截面积随胎龄而增大。本文着重对气血屏障及Ⅱ型上皮细胞的形态变化进行了讨论。

脊神经节来源的人胎儿雪旺氏细胞的体外培养研究

实验介绍一种简便快速的从人胎儿脊神经节中获得雪旺氏细胞的方法.取孕15～20周人胎儿腰部脊神经节,将其切成0.5mm^3大小,接种于涂有鼠尾胶的圆盖玻片上,为了消除成纤维细胞,每隔2～3天将组织块移种到新的盖玻片上,共2～3次,最后一次移种后,培养液中加入牛脑垂体浸出液(200μg/ml)培养7～10天以刺激细胞增殖,每个脊神经节可获细胞5×10~6,细胞传代培养生长良好.根据形态学以及抗S—100蛋白免疫细胞化学染色阳性标准计数,雪旺氏细胞的纯度超过96%.扫描电镜和透射电镜显示典型的雪旺氏细胞的形态学特征.

人胎胃壁瘦素及瘦素受体的免疫组织化学

目的 :对不同胎龄胎儿胃壁组织发育和胃壁内瘦素及瘦素受体进行定性和定位观察。方法 :采用HE和免疫组织化学SABC染色方法。结果 :胚胎 1 3w ,可见有胃小凹和胃腺。 1 5w时 ,胃壁具有 4层结构。随胎龄增长 ,胃壁和胃腺逐步发育完善。胚胎 1 3w时 ,胎儿胃粘膜上皮和胃腺内壁细胞呈瘦素及瘦素受体免疫反应中等阳性 ,免疫反应产物分布于胞质 ,而胞核为阴性。随着胃腺的发育 ,呈免疫反应阳性的壁细胞数目增多。在胎儿整个发育过程中 ,各胎龄间胃腺瘦素及瘦素受体的免疫反应强度无明显变化。结论 :人胚胎发育时期 ,在胃上皮和胃腺中有瘦素及瘦素受体的表达 。