Heavy metals are widely concerning because of their toxicity,persistence,non-degradation and bioaccumulation ability.Iluman health ambient water quality criteria(AWQC)are specific levels of chemicals that can occur in...Heavy metals are widely concerning because of their toxicity,persistence,non-degradation and bioaccumulation ability.Iluman health ambient water quality criteria(AWQC)are specific levels of chemicals that can occur in water without harming human health.At present,most countries do not consider the effects of aquatic vegetables in deriving human health AWQC.Therefore,the intake of aquatic vegetables(Brasenia schreberi)was added to the derivation of human health AWQC and a health risk assessment for 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake.The human health AWQC(consumption of water,fish and aquatic vegetables)values of 13 heavy metals ranged from 0.04(Cd)to 710.87μg/L(Sn),and the intake of B.schreberi had a very significant effect on the human health AWQC for Cu,with a more than 62-fold difference.The hazard quotients of As(2.8),Cd(1.6),Cr(1.4)and Cu(4.86)were higher than the safe level(HQ=1),indicating that As,Cd,Cr and Cu in Taihu Lake posed a significant health risk.Sensitivity analysis showed that the contribution rate of B.schreberi intake to the human health risk from Cu was 91.6%,and all results indicated that the risk of Cu in B.schreberi to human health should be of particular concern.This study adds the consideration of aquatic vegetable consumption to the traditional method of human health AWQC derivation and risk assessments for the first time,and this approach can promote the development of risk assessments and water quality criteria.展开更多
The Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou City Group is a heavy industrial district and accepted as the serious pollution area in the Xiangjiang River basin.In this study,7 metals(Pb,Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cu and Se)and the river water qual...The Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou City Group is a heavy industrial district and accepted as the serious pollution area in the Xiangjiang River basin.In this study,7 metals(Pb,Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cu and Se)and the river water quality parameters including pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),Escherichia coli(E.coli),potassium permanganate index(CODMn),dichromate oxidizability(CODCr),five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5),ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and fluoride(F)in 18 sampling sites of the Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou section are monthly monitored in 2016,which is the year to step into the second stage of the“Xiangjiang River Heavy Metal Pollution Control Implementation Plan”.It is found that E.coli,TN and TP are the main pollutants in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan section,and the pollution of heavy metal is not serious but As with potential risk to local people especially children should be concerned.In addition,Xiangtan city is mainly featured with heavy metal pollution,while Zhuzhou and Changsha city are both featured with other pollutants from municipal domestic sewage.展开更多
Clean drinking water is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.Despite significant progress in the water purification technology,many regions still lack access to clean water.This paper provides a rev...Clean drinking water is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.Despite significant progress in the water purification technology,many regions still lack access to clean water.This paper provides a review of selected water contaminants and their impacts on human health.The World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines and regional standards for key contaminants were used to characterise water quality in the European Union and UK.The concept of safe drinking water was explained based on the non-observed adverse effect level,threshold concentrations for toxic chemicals,and their total daily intake.Various techniques for monitoring water contaminants and the drinking water standards from five different countries,including the UK,USA,Canada,Pakistan and India,were compared to WHO recommended guidelines.The literature on actual water quality in these regions and its potential health impacts was also discussed.Finally,the role of public water suppliers in identifying and monitoring drinking water contaminants in selected developed countries was presented as a potential guideline for developing countries.This review emphasised the need for a comprehensive understanding of water quality and its impacts on human health to ensure access to clean drinking water worldwide.展开更多
The purpose of this research was to better understand the water quality status of the Xiangjiang River, China, and to evaluate the risks posed by the river water. Precisely, ten water quality parameters including p H,...The purpose of this research was to better understand the water quality status of the Xiangjiang River, China, and to evaluate the risks posed by the river water. Precisely, ten water quality parameters including p H, dissolved oxygen(DO), Escherichia coli(E. coli), potassium permanganate index(CODMn), dichromate oxidizability(CODCr), five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5), ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), total phosphorus(TP) and fluoride(F-) as well as metal(loid)s(Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Zn, Cu and Se) were monitored monthly in 2016 at 12 sampling sites throughout the Hengyang section of the Xiangjiang River. Concentrations of all parameters were presented according to rainy and dry seasons. They were compared with Chinese surface water standards and WHO drinking water limits to assess the sustainability of the river water status. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed different pollution sources in different seasons. Dual hierarchical cluster analysis(DHCA) was applied to further classify the water quality variables and sampling sites. Besides, a risk assessment was introduced to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic concerns of heavy metal(loid)s to human health. This research will help to optimize water monitoring locations and establish pollution reduction strategies on the preservation of public safety.展开更多
Incident of water-borne diseases is becoming more rampant in developing countries in the 21st century. This paper examines the contamination levels of some selected wells in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area (LGA),...Incident of water-borne diseases is becoming more rampant in developing countries in the 21st century. This paper examines the contamination levels of some selected wells in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area (LGA), Oyo State, Nigeria. Methodology includes administering of structured questionnaire, field survey/sampling and laboratory analysis. The first set of questionnaires sought information on water sources, quality, supply and treatment. These were administered in 10 selected major locations which included: Ajegunle, Arinkinkin, Arowomole, Caretaker, Esanu-Aje, Ita-Olola, Malete, Oke-Alapata, Ora-Gada and Sunsun. The other set which was administered in 6 randomly selected Health Institutions viz: Oyo State General Hospital, Alaafia Tayo, Oore-Ofe, Bethel, Favour, and Grace Hospitals had questions on health-related issues. Ten (10) wells were randomly selected for sampling, one in each location. Results were compared with WHO’s Drinking Water Standards. Questionnaires revealed that residents depended mostly on wells for water supply;the water quality was low;supply was irregular;quantity was inadequate and boiling was the commonest treatment method. Health Officials established that some residents consumed improperly treated well water and there were some incidences of water-related diseases. Laboratory analyses showed that samples from Ajegumle and Esanu-Aje had colour values above the standard. Also, the pH was observed to vary from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline with values ranging between 6.0 and 8.1. Only Arinkinkin and Ita-Olola areas had permissible values of total alkalinity and Oke-Alapata had the highest chloride value of 400 mg/l while the highest nitrate concentration was at Esanu-Aje (127.58 mg/l). Study concludes that water supply in the area is not fully supportive to health. To abate the problem, it is recommended that aside boiling, each household should endeavour to coagulate, filter, soften and disinfect well water before consumption. Also, personal hygiene within each household must always be emphasized and improved upon.展开更多
Excessive heavy metal concentrations in water can pose a threat to human health.The research analyzed 160 groundwater samples used for hygiene and sanitation,of which 62 were used for consumption,and 98 other types of...Excessive heavy metal concentrations in water can pose a threat to human health.The research analyzed 160 groundwater samples used for hygiene and sanitation,of which 62 were used for consumption,and 98 other types of drinking water were analyzed.The research findings indicate that 6%of groundwater for hygiene and sanitation and 13%of drinking water(7.8%groundwater,5.2%refill water)were deemed unfit for use due to elevated concentrations of certain heavy metals surpassing the maximum limits.As,Cd,Co,Hg,Mn,and Pb were detected in several drinking water samples deemed unsuitable for consumption.Several heavy metals suspected to originate from natural sources are Co,Fe,Mn,As,and Zn,while Pb,Cd,Hg,and Co are suspected to have anthropogenic sources.Only arsenic exposure through the ingestion pathway posed a non-carcinogenic health risk to the local population.Children were found to be more susceptible than adult males and females.The estimated average non-carcinogenic risk levels based on the water sources were refill water>well water>rainwater>spring water.Therefore,it is essential to monitor raw water sources at refill water depots in the study area and implement policies related to the quality of raw water sources,technology maintenance processes,and the quality of processed water from refill water depots.Additionally,the community should be educated about householdscale water treatment to minimize health risks and consider using untreated well water and rainwater for consumption.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Project of Water Pollution Control and Abatement of China(Grant No.2017ZX07301002-02)the Project of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(Grant No.2020YSKY-007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41521003).
文摘Heavy metals are widely concerning because of their toxicity,persistence,non-degradation and bioaccumulation ability.Iluman health ambient water quality criteria(AWQC)are specific levels of chemicals that can occur in water without harming human health.At present,most countries do not consider the effects of aquatic vegetables in deriving human health AWQC.Therefore,the intake of aquatic vegetables(Brasenia schreberi)was added to the derivation of human health AWQC and a health risk assessment for 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake.The human health AWQC(consumption of water,fish and aquatic vegetables)values of 13 heavy metals ranged from 0.04(Cd)to 710.87μg/L(Sn),and the intake of B.schreberi had a very significant effect on the human health AWQC for Cu,with a more than 62-fold difference.The hazard quotients of As(2.8),Cd(1.6),Cr(1.4)and Cu(4.86)were higher than the safe level(HQ=1),indicating that As,Cd,Cr and Cu in Taihu Lake posed a significant health risk.Sensitivity analysis showed that the contribution rate of B.schreberi intake to the human health risk from Cu was 91.6%,and all results indicated that the risk of Cu in B.schreberi to human health should be of particular concern.This study adds the consideration of aquatic vegetable consumption to the traditional method of human health AWQC derivation and risk assessments for the first time,and this approach can promote the development of risk assessments and water quality criteria.
基金Projects(2018YFC1903301,2018YFC1801805)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China
文摘The Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou City Group is a heavy industrial district and accepted as the serious pollution area in the Xiangjiang River basin.In this study,7 metals(Pb,Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cu and Se)and the river water quality parameters including pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),Escherichia coli(E.coli),potassium permanganate index(CODMn),dichromate oxidizability(CODCr),five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5),ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and fluoride(F)in 18 sampling sites of the Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou section are monthly monitored in 2016,which is the year to step into the second stage of the“Xiangjiang River Heavy Metal Pollution Control Implementation Plan”.It is found that E.coli,TN and TP are the main pollutants in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan section,and the pollution of heavy metal is not serious but As with potential risk to local people especially children should be concerned.In addition,Xiangtan city is mainly featured with heavy metal pollution,while Zhuzhou and Changsha city are both featured with other pollutants from municipal domestic sewage.
文摘Clean drinking water is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.Despite significant progress in the water purification technology,many regions still lack access to clean water.This paper provides a review of selected water contaminants and their impacts on human health.The World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines and regional standards for key contaminants were used to characterise water quality in the European Union and UK.The concept of safe drinking water was explained based on the non-observed adverse effect level,threshold concentrations for toxic chemicals,and their total daily intake.Various techniques for monitoring water contaminants and the drinking water standards from five different countries,including the UK,USA,Canada,Pakistan and India,were compared to WHO recommended guidelines.The literature on actual water quality in these regions and its potential health impacts was also discussed.Finally,the role of public water suppliers in identifying and monitoring drinking water contaminants in selected developed countries was presented as a potential guideline for developing countries.This review emphasised the need for a comprehensive understanding of water quality and its impacts on human health to ensure access to clean drinking water worldwide.
基金Projects(2018YFC1801805,2018YFC1903301)supported by National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(51825403)supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,ChinaProject(2019SK2281)supported by Key R&D Program of Hunan Province,China。
文摘The purpose of this research was to better understand the water quality status of the Xiangjiang River, China, and to evaluate the risks posed by the river water. Precisely, ten water quality parameters including p H, dissolved oxygen(DO), Escherichia coli(E. coli), potassium permanganate index(CODMn), dichromate oxidizability(CODCr), five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5), ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), total phosphorus(TP) and fluoride(F-) as well as metal(loid)s(Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Zn, Cu and Se) were monitored monthly in 2016 at 12 sampling sites throughout the Hengyang section of the Xiangjiang River. Concentrations of all parameters were presented according to rainy and dry seasons. They were compared with Chinese surface water standards and WHO drinking water limits to assess the sustainability of the river water status. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed different pollution sources in different seasons. Dual hierarchical cluster analysis(DHCA) was applied to further classify the water quality variables and sampling sites. Besides, a risk assessment was introduced to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic concerns of heavy metal(loid)s to human health. This research will help to optimize water monitoring locations and establish pollution reduction strategies on the preservation of public safety.
文摘Incident of water-borne diseases is becoming more rampant in developing countries in the 21st century. This paper examines the contamination levels of some selected wells in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area (LGA), Oyo State, Nigeria. Methodology includes administering of structured questionnaire, field survey/sampling and laboratory analysis. The first set of questionnaires sought information on water sources, quality, supply and treatment. These were administered in 10 selected major locations which included: Ajegunle, Arinkinkin, Arowomole, Caretaker, Esanu-Aje, Ita-Olola, Malete, Oke-Alapata, Ora-Gada and Sunsun. The other set which was administered in 6 randomly selected Health Institutions viz: Oyo State General Hospital, Alaafia Tayo, Oore-Ofe, Bethel, Favour, and Grace Hospitals had questions on health-related issues. Ten (10) wells were randomly selected for sampling, one in each location. Results were compared with WHO’s Drinking Water Standards. Questionnaires revealed that residents depended mostly on wells for water supply;the water quality was low;supply was irregular;quantity was inadequate and boiling was the commonest treatment method. Health Officials established that some residents consumed improperly treated well water and there were some incidences of water-related diseases. Laboratory analyses showed that samples from Ajegumle and Esanu-Aje had colour values above the standard. Also, the pH was observed to vary from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline with values ranging between 6.0 and 8.1. Only Arinkinkin and Ita-Olola areas had permissible values of total alkalinity and Oke-Alapata had the highest chloride value of 400 mg/l while the highest nitrate concentration was at Esanu-Aje (127.58 mg/l). Study concludes that water supply in the area is not fully supportive to health. To abate the problem, it is recommended that aside boiling, each household should endeavour to coagulate, filter, soften and disinfect well water before consumption. Also, personal hygiene within each household must always be emphasized and improved upon.
基金supported by the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Institut Teknologi Bandung,Indonesia through the Research,Community Service,and Innovation Program(P2MI)for the year 2022(Dean's Decree No.:67/IT1.C06/SK-KP.01/2022)for the year 2023(Dean's Decree No.:71C/IT1.C06/SK-TA/2023).
文摘Excessive heavy metal concentrations in water can pose a threat to human health.The research analyzed 160 groundwater samples used for hygiene and sanitation,of which 62 were used for consumption,and 98 other types of drinking water were analyzed.The research findings indicate that 6%of groundwater for hygiene and sanitation and 13%of drinking water(7.8%groundwater,5.2%refill water)were deemed unfit for use due to elevated concentrations of certain heavy metals surpassing the maximum limits.As,Cd,Co,Hg,Mn,and Pb were detected in several drinking water samples deemed unsuitable for consumption.Several heavy metals suspected to originate from natural sources are Co,Fe,Mn,As,and Zn,while Pb,Cd,Hg,and Co are suspected to have anthropogenic sources.Only arsenic exposure through the ingestion pathway posed a non-carcinogenic health risk to the local population.Children were found to be more susceptible than adult males and females.The estimated average non-carcinogenic risk levels based on the water sources were refill water>well water>rainwater>spring water.Therefore,it is essential to monitor raw water sources at refill water depots in the study area and implement policies related to the quality of raw water sources,technology maintenance processes,and the quality of processed water from refill water depots.Additionally,the community should be educated about householdscale water treatment to minimize health risks and consider using untreated well water and rainwater for consumption.
