2007—2016年性病门诊中老年HIV与梅毒共感染现状分析

目的:了解性病门诊中老年HIV与梅毒共感染的现状和特点。方法:对2007年1月至2016年12月性病门诊做HIV与梅毒检测的46704例患者进行研究,并对55例≥50岁中老年HIV与梅毒共感染患者的情况做了分析。结果:46704例病人血清检测结果 HIV感染者452例,HIV与梅毒共感染299例(66.15%),其中≥50岁HIV感染64例,HIV与梅毒共感染55例(85.94%)。其中男性51例(92.73%),女性4例(7.27)。年龄以50~59岁为主,占83.64%(46/55),同时感染其他STI 39例(70.91%),离异或丧偶14例(25.4%),初中及以下文化34例(61.82%),离退休人员9例(16.36%)。通过性途径感染47例(85.45%)。结论:中老年感染STI病例逐年增多,有针对性的对高危中老年人群特别是经性途径传播的STI进行综合干预,提高中老年人群对性病艾滋病的认识,加强自愿咨询检测(VCT)的知晓率和主动性,是有效防控性病艾滋病在中老年人群传播与蔓延的重要环节。

婚检人群乙、丙型肝炎、梅毒及艾滋病毒检测

目的 了解北京市婚检人群乙型和丙型肝炎、梅毒及艾滋病病毒感染情况。方法 乙型肝炎表面抗原、丙型肝炎抗体和艾滋病毒抗体采用酶免法检测 ;梅毒采用快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验 (RPR)和梅毒螺旋体血凝试验 (TPHA)检测 :乙型和丙型肝炎病毒载量采用PCR荧光定量方法检测 ,病毒基因型采用直接PCR基因分型法测定。结果 80 0例婚检人群乙型和丙型肝炎感染率分别为 12 0 % ,6 0 % ,梅毒和艾滋病病毒未检出。 96例乙肝表面抗原阳性婚检人群中 ,乙型肝炎病毒载量小于 10 5 拷贝 /ml者占 88 5% ,大于 10 5 拷贝 /ml者仅占 11 5%。 5例丙型肝炎病毒RNA阳性者中 ,病毒载量均小于 10 4 拷贝 /ml。该婚检人群HBV感染者中 ,B型占 18 6% ,B和C混合型占42 4% ,C型占 2 3 7%。 3例丙型肝炎病毒感染者均为HCV1b型。结论 该婚检人群中 ,乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染率相对较高 ,但病毒载量相对较低 。

人中性粒细胞多肽HNP_(1,3)体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的作用

体外观察人中性粒细胞多肽1,3(Humanneutrophilpeptide,HNP1,3)及阿昔洛韦(Acyclovir,ACV)对单纯疱疹病毒-Ⅰ型(Herpessimplexvirus1,HSV-1)的抑制作用。以Vero细胞为靶细胞,用各种浓度HNP1,3与游离病毒颗粒(直接失活组)及感染病毒后的靶细胞(复制抑制组)进行相互作用,镜下观察各药物对HSV-1致细胞病变效应的抑制作用,并采用ELISA法测定感染48h后药物对HSV-1囊膜糖蛋白分泌的抑制作用。MTT法检测各药物对细胞的毒性作用。结果显示直接失活组中,HNP1,3可使HSV-1的致细胞病变效应减轻,对HSV-1直接失活的50%有效浓度(EC50)为8.1μg/mL、10.03μg/mL;复制抑制组中,ACV使HSV-1的致细胞病变效应减轻,EC50为0.68μg/mL。MTT检测结果表明HNP1,3在治疗浓度范围内无明显细胞毒性。以上结果表明HNP1,3除具有较强的抗菌作用和抗人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus1,HIV-1)活性外,还能失活HSV-1病毒颗粒,从而逆转病毒及其蛋白的病毒效应(致细胞病变)和抑制病毒蛋白质的合成。

Co-infection of HIV and parasites in China: Results from an epidemiological survey in rural areas of Fuyang city, Anhui province, China

The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiological characteristics of co-infection of HIV and intestinal parasites in a HIV/AIDS highly endemic area in China.A cross-sectional survey was carried out in two villages where HIV/AIDS prevalence in residents was over 1%.Stool samples of all residents in the two targeted villages were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites.Blood examination was performed for the HIV infection detection and anemia test.A questionnaire survey was carried out in all residents participating in the study.A total of 769 individuals were enrolled in the investigation,720 of whom were involved in stool examination of intestinal parasites.The infection rates of parasites in the residents of the targeted villages were as follows:0.56%for Ascaris lumbricoides,4.03%for Hookworm,0.28%for Trichuris trichiura,0.42%for Clonorchis sinensis,21.39%for Blastocystis hominis,3.89%for Giardia lamblia,1.67%for Entamoeba spp.,4.44%for Cryptosporidium spp.,and no infection for Strongyloides stercoralis.The overall infection rate of intestinal worms was 4.72%,intestinal parasite infection rate was 24.31%,the anemia prevalence rate was 34.68%,the co-infection rate of HIV and intestinal helminthes 2.17%,the co-infection rate of HIV and intestinal protozoa 28.26%,of which the co-infection rates of HIV and Blastocystis hominis,and HIV and Cryptosporidium spp.were 19.57%and 13.04%,respectively.A significant difference of Cryptosporidium spp.infection rate was found between HIV-positive group(13.04%)and HIV-negative group(4.70%)(P<0.05).Higher prevalence of anemia(34.68%)occurred in the study villages,particularly in children(>50%)and women(>39%).It was concluded that the infection rate of intestinal protozoa in the residents was higher than that of intestinal helminthes in the local setting,and a same pattern appeared in the co-infection rate of HIV and parasites.An interestingfinding is that the infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp.among the HIV-positives was significantly higher than that in the HIV-negatives,and children and women had higher anemia prevalence.

Natural history of HIV infection in former plasma donors in rural China

Patients infected through commercial bloodselling practices(former plasma donors,FPDs)in China represent a unique patient population compared to individuals infected through sexual contact or intravenous drug use.FPDs all have an approximate time of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection during the mid-1990s.Few studies about the natural history of HIV infection in these patients were performed.The current study focuses on characterizing the duration of asymptomatic infection as well as the time to disease and mortality of infected FPDs in China.A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on data collected from 5484 HIV-1 infected FPDs in Shangcai county,Henan province.Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to estimate the asymptomatic duration from the time of infection to the onset of AIDS as well as the survival period from the onset of AIDS to the time of death.The estimated median asymptomatic phase was about 9.21 years,which is similar to that reported in other developing countries in Africa.The estimated median life span after the onset of symptoms was about 9.91 months,which is notably shorter than life spans reported elsewhere.This is the first large-scale retrospective study on the natural history of HIV infection in FPDs in rural China.The findings not only provide valuable insight into an understudied population,but should also serve as an important reference for patient management and care.

平顶猴主要组织相容性复合物基因研究进展

平顶猴是目前唯一被报道可被人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）感染的旧大陆猴,并且已成为在研究HIV致病机制、抗病毒药物和疫苗研发中极具前景的动物模型.随着平顶猴在动物模型中日益广泛的应用,其免疫系统相关的基础数据,尤其是主要组织相容性复合物（MHC）基因受到越来越多的关注.MHC基因是广泛分布于脊椎动物体内且与免疫应答和移植排斥密切相关的一组庞大的基因家族.许多研究证明,MHC基因具有高度的多态性,并且其多态性对药物实验数据以及疾病发展进程有显著影响.在动物模型实验中,了解实验动物的MHC基因有利于实验的设计和提高实验结果的可靠性.开展平顶猴MHC基因研究获得其等位基因多态性等相关基础数据对该物种成为更理想可靠的动物模型有重要的研究意义.