Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Using drug from mathematical perceptive

Entry of acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus into the host immune cell involves the participation of various components of host and viral cell unit. These components may be categorized as attachment of the viral surface envelope protein subunit, gp120, to the CD4+ receptor and chemokine coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, present on T cell surface. The viral fusion protein, gp41, the second cleaved subunit of Env undergoes reconfiguration and the membrane fusion reaction itself. Since the CD4+ T cell population is actively involved; the ultimate outcome of human immunodeficiency virus infection is total collapse of the host immune system. Mathematical modeling of the stages in viral membrane protein-host cell receptor-coreceptor interaction and the effect of antibody vaccine on the viral entry into the susceptible host cell has been carried out using as impulsive differential equations. We have studied the effect of antibody vaccination and determined analytically the threshold value of drug dosage and dosing interval for optimum levels of infection. We have also investigated the effect of perfect adherence of drug dose on the immune cell count in extreme cases and observed that systematic drug dosage of the immune cells leads to longer and improved lives.

Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome-Associated Diarrhea: A Protocol for the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Diarrhea can occur at an early or advanced stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)as a usual symptom in people with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection.While it is usually not fatal,it can influence patients’quality of life seriously.It has shown to be efficacious and improves people’s immune status to a certain extent to treat HIV/AIDS-related diarrhea on the basis of syndrome differentiation and treatment or Chinese herbs plus conventional treatment.Therefore,it may have a good application potential.Here,we outline a protocol for the systematic review of this health-care intervention,with the aim to evaluate the beneficial effects and safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)for patients who suffer from HIV/AIDS-associated diarrhea.Randomized controlled trials that compare Chinese herbs with placebo or other effective treatments will be searched and included,in spite of publication status or language.The primary outcomes include diarrhea frequency and fecal character.The databases we will search as follows:China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(Sino Med),Wanfang Data,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Pub Med and the CENTRAL in Cochrane Library.Two authors will respectively conduct the screening of trials,data extraction,and use the Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess the methodological quality.We will analyze the data and perform a meta-analysis if possible.We intend to identify potential therapeutic modalities that may be of benefit to inform clinical practice by supplying existing evidence of the helpful effects and safety of TCM to treat patients suffering from HIV/AIDS-associated diarrhea.

Investigation of perceived stigma among people living with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Henan Province, China

Purpose:To investigate the level of and factors influencing perceived stigma and discrimination among people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(PLWHA)in Henan Province.Methods:In total,161 PLWHA from Zhengzhou and Zhenping were investigated using the Berger HIV stigma scale.Results:The mean Berger stigma scale score was 105.70±15.20,indicating a middle stigma level.Among the four subscales of the Berger stigma scale,the disclosure concerns score was highest,while the negative self-image score was lowest.Multivariate analyses showed that factors influencing perceived HIV stigma included the level of education and route of infection.Conclusion:The level of perceived HIV stigma and discrimination among PLWHA in Henan Province is moderate and was affected by the level of education and route of infection.Special intervention should be established to address this problem.

Improvement in human immunodeficiency virus-1/acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients' well-being following administration of “Phyto V7”

AIM:To corroborate the capacity of Phyto V7,a complex of phytochemicals,to improve the physical well-being of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1) infected and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients not undergoing antiretroviral treatment.METHODS:Two hundred and thirty nine HIV-1 seropositive male and female voluntary inmates were recruited through the Uruguay National Program of AIDS.The study participants received for 90 consecutive days every eight hours two tablets(760 mg/each) of Phyto V7,containing a mix of the following phytochemicals:flavonols(Kaempferol,Quercetin),flavones(Apigenin,Luteolin),hydroxycinnamic acids(ferrulic acid),carotenoids(Lutein,Lycopene,Beta carotene) and organosulfur compounds,all from vegetal origin.The participants did not receive any antiretroviral treatment during the study.At days 0,30,60 and 90(± 2 d) the participants were evaluated for body mass index(BMI),tolerance to Phyto V7 and Index of Quality of Life based on the Karfnosky scale.ANOVA,Tukey Post-test,χ2 test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were used to analyze the effect of treatment.RESULTS:One hundred and nighty nine study participants finished the study.Already after 30 d of Phyto V7 consumption,the weight,BMI and Karnofsky score statistically significantly improved(P < 0.001),and continued to improve until the end of the study.The mean weight gain per participant during the 90 d wasof 1.21 kg(approximately 2% of body weight).The overall increase in the mean Karnofsky score after 90 d was 14.08%.The lower the BMI and Karnofsky score of the participants were at the beginning of the study,the more notorious was the improvement over time.For example,the mean increment of Index of Quality of Life,among the participants with an initial Karnofsky score of 5 or below(n = 33) from day 0 to day 90,was of 35.67%(0.476 ± 0.044 vs 0.645 ± 0.09; P < 0.001).The tolerability to Phyto V7 was very good and no adverse reactions were recorded or reported.CONCLUSION:Administration of the Phyto V7 can be an important tool to improve the well-being of HIV-1 seropositive individuals and AIDS patients,not undergoing antiretroviral treatment.

Epidemiological characterization and geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome infection in North African countries

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is a major global public health concern.North African countries carry a disproportionate burden of HIV representing one of the highest rates in Africa.AIM To characterize the epidemiological and spatial trends of HIV infection in this region.METHODS A systematic review was carried out on all the published data regarding HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in North African countries over ten years(2008-2017)following the PRISMA guidelines.We performed a comprehensive literature search using Medline PubMed,Embase,regional and international databases,and country-level reports with no language restriction.The quality,quantity,and geographic coverage of the data were assessed at both the national and regional levels.We used random-effects methods,spatial variables,and stratified results by demographic factors.Only original data on the prevalence of HIV infection were included and independently evaluated by professional epidemiologists.RESULTS A total of 721 records were identified but only 41 that met the criteria were included in the meta-analysis.There was considerable variability in the prevalence estimates of HIV within the countries of the region.The overall prevalence of HIV ranged from 0.9%[95%confidence interval(CI)0.8-1.27]to 3.8%(95%CI 1.17-6.53).The highest prevalence was associated with vulnerable groups and particularly drug abusers and sexually promiscuous individuals.The dense HIV clustering noted varied from one country to another.At least 13 HIV subtypes and recombinant forms were prevalent in the region.Subtype B was the most common variant,followed by CRF02_AG.CONCLUSION This comprehensive review indicates that HIV infection in North African countries is an increasing threat.Effective national and regional strategies are needed to improve monitoring and control of HIV transmission,with particular emphasis on geographic variability and HIV clustering.

Salivary gland disease in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review

The effect of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection on salivary glands has diagnostic and prognostic significance. HIV-salivary gland disease(HIV-SGD) is comprehensively ascertained amongst the major critical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)-relatedoral manifestation and causes substantial morbidity. Parotid gland swelling due to sicca syndrome, parotid lipomatosis, sialadenitis, diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, benign lymphoepithelial lesions, neoplasms(benign or malignant) of salivary gland, parotid gland inflammation, diminished flow rates of saliva and xerostomia have been documented that also affects the health- associated characteristics of life in subjects infected with HIV. There is a necessity for health care researchers to diagnose it, particularly as it might worsen if left undiagnosed. The precise characteristic of alterations in dynamics of salivary gland structure and functionality with long-standing usage of highly active anti-retroviral therapy still remains unknown. HIV positive children also present with bilateral parotid enlargement and the syndrome state with classical clinical and cytological features of predominated lymphoid hyperplasia. Though various case reports and studies have been extensively published on different aspects of HIV-SGD, it has not been described solely, thus leading to occasional confusion of nomenclature and clinical presentation of HIV-SGD. This article reviews the pathogenesis of HIV-related SGD and its components and various other miscellaneous disorders affecting the salivary glands in HIV/AIDS.

Gut epithelial barrier dysfunction in humanimmunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus coinfectedpatients:Influence on innate and acquired immunity

Even in cases where viral replication has been controlled by antiretroviral therapy for long periods of time, human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients have several non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) related co-morbidities, including liver disease, cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive decline, which have a clear impact on survival. It has been considered that persistent innate and acquired immune activation contributes to the pathogenesis of these non-AIDS related diseases. Immune activation has been related with several conditions, remarkably with the bacterial translocation related with the intestinal barrier damage by the HIV or by hepatitis C virus(HCV)-related liver cirrhosis. Consequently, increased morbidity and mortality must be expected in HIV-HCV coinfected patients. Disrupted gut barrier lead to an increased passage of microbial products and to an activation of the mucosal immune system and secretion of inflammatory mediators, which in turn might increase barrier dysfunction. In the present review, the intestinal barrier structure, measures of intestinal barrier dysfunction and the modifications of them in HIV monoinfection and in HIV-HCV coinfection will be considered. Both pathogenesis and the consequences for the progression of liver disease secondary to gut microbial fragment leakage and immune activation will be assessed.

The default mode network is affected in the early stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection:a longitudinal study

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome infection can lead to cognitive dysfunction represented by changes in the default mode network.Most recent studies have been cross-sectional and thus have not revealed dynamic changes in the default mode network following acquired immune deficiency syndrome infection and antiretroviral therapy.Specifically,when brain imaging data at only one time point are analyzed,determining the duration at which the default mode network is the most effective following antiretroviral therapy after the occurrence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.However,because infection times and other factors are often uncertain,longitudinal studies cannot be conducted directly in the clinic.Therefore,in this study,we performed a longitudinal study on the dynamic changes in the default mode network over time in a rhesus monkey model of simian immunodeficiency virus infection.We found marked changes in default mode network connectivity in 11 pairs of regions of interest at baseline and 10 days and 4 weeks after virus inoculation.Significant interactions between treatment and time were observed in the default mode network connectivity of regions of interest pairs area 31/V6.R and area 8/frontal eye field(FEF).L,area 8/FEF.L and caudal temporal parietal occipital area(TPOC).R,and area 31/V6.R and TPOC.L.ART administered 4 weeks after infection not only interrupted the progress of simian immunodeficiency virus infection but also preserved brain function to a large extent.These findings suggest that the default mode network is affected in the early stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection and that it may serve as a potential biomarker for early changes in brain function and an objective indicator for making early clinical intervention decisions.

Elevated homocysteine levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients under antiretroviral therapy: A meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the association between the levels of homocysteine(Hcy), folate, vitamin B12 in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients who were treated with antiretroviral therapy(ART) or not treated with ART.METHODS: The Pub Med and Scielo databases were searched. Eligible studies regarding plasma Hcy level in HIV-infected patients were firstly identified. After careful analysis by two independent researches, the identified articles were included in the review according to two outcomes(1) Hcy, folate and vitamin B12 blood concentration in HIV-infected subjects vs health controls and;(2) Hcy blood concentration in HIV-infected subjects under ART vs not treated with ART. RevM an(version 5.2) was employed for data synthesis.RESULTS: A total of 12 studies were included in outcome 1(1649 participants, 932 cases and 717 controls). Outcome 1 meta-analysis demonstrated higher plasma Hcy(2.05 μmol/L; 95% CI: 0.10 to 4.00, P < 0.01) and decreased plasma folate concentrations(-2.74 ng/m L; 95%CI:-5.18 to-0.29, P < 0.01) in HIV-infected patients compared to healthy controls. No changes in vitamin B12 plasma concentration were observed between groups. All studies included in the outcome 2 meta-analysis(1167 participants; 404 HIVinfected exposed to ART and 757 HIV-infected non-ART patients) demonstrated higher mean Hcy concentration in subjects HIV-infected under ART compared to nonART HIV subjects(4.13 μmol/L; 95%CI: 1.34 to 6.92, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the levels of Hcy and folate, but not vitamin B12, were associated with HIV infection. In addition, Hcy levels were higher in HIV-infected patients who were under ART compared to HIV-infected patients who were not exposed to ART. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia should be included among the several important metabolic disturbances that are associated with ART in patients with HIV infection.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection-Associated Mortality during Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment in Six Provinces of China

Objective To investigate the risk factors attributable to tuberculosis-related deaths in areas with human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） infection epidemics. Methods A prospective cohort study of newly registered patients in tuberculosis（TB） dispensaries in six representative Chinese provinces was conducted from September 1, 2009 to August 31, 2011. Risk factors for TB-associated death were identified through logistic regression analysis. Results Of 19,103 newly registered pulmonary TB patients, 925（4.8%） were found to be HIV-positive. Miliary TB and acid-fast bacillus smear-negative TB were more common among these patients. Out of a total of 322（1.7%） deaths that occurred during TB treatment, 85（26%） of the patients were co-infected with HIV. Multivariate analysis revealed that HIV infection was the strongest predictor of death [adjusted odds ratio（aO R） 7.86]. Other significant mortality risk factors included presentation with miliary TB（aO R 4.10; 95% confidence interval： 2.14-7.88）, ≥35 years of age（aO R 3.04）, non-Han ethnicity（aO R 1.67）, and farming as an occupation（aO R 1.59）. For patients with TB/HIV co-infection, miliary TB was the strongest risk factor for death（aO R 5.48）. A low CD4 count（≤ 200 cells/μL）（aO R 3.27） at the time of TB treatment initiation and a lack of antiretroviral therapy（ART） administration（aO R 3.78） were also correlated with an increased risk of death. Conclusion Infection with HIV was independently associated with increased mortality during TB treatment. Offering HIV testing at the time of diagnosis with TB, early TB diagnosis among HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, and the timely provision of ART were identified as the key approaches that could reduce the number of HIV-associated TB deaths.

Bilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusions Combined with Artery Occlusions in A Patient with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Purpose: This is the first report of a bilateral nonischemic central retinal vein occlusionscombined with artery occlusions in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS). Methods: Case report. Results: A 22-year-old Chinese(male) with a positive human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection developed bilateral nonischemic central retinal vein occlusions combinedwith artery occlusions and severe vision loss. The manifestations of the fundus andfluorescein angiography were similar in both eyes.Conclusion: This case report provides the evidences that central retinal vein and arteryocclusions are probably part of the spectrum of AIDS vascular diseases.

Water,electrolytes,and acid-base alterations in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

The clinical spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection associated disease has changed significantly over the past decade, mainly due to the wide availability and improvement of combination antiretroviral therapy regiments. Serious complications associated with profound immunodeficiency are nowa-days fortunately rare in patients with adequate access to care and treatment. However, HIV infected patients, and particularly those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, are predisposed to a host of different water, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders(sometimes with opposite characteristics), since they have a modified renal physiology(reduced free water clearance, and relatively increased fractional excretion of calcium and magnesium) and they are also exposed to infectious, inflammatory, endocrinological, oncological variables which promote clinical conditions(such as fever, tachypnea, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, and delirium), and may require a variety of medical interventions(antiviral medication, antibiotics, antineoplastic agents), whose combination predispose them to undermine their homeostatic capability. As many of these disturbances may remain clinically silent until reaching an advanced condition, high awareness is advisable, particularly in patients with late diagnosis, concomitant inflammatory conditions and opportunistic diseases. These disorders contribute to both morbidity and mortality in HIV infected patients.

Twenty years of human immunodeficiency virus care at the Mayo Clinic:Past,present and future

The Mayo human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Clinic has been providing patient centered care for persons living with HIV in Minnesota and beyond for the past 20 years. Through multidisciplinary engagement, vital clinical outcomes such as retention in care, initiation of antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression are maximized. In this commentary, we describe the history of the Mayo HIV Clinic and its best practices, providing a "Mayo Model" of HIV care that exceeds national outcomes and may be applicable in other settings.

Hitting the bull’s eye of ending tuberculosis goal: The challenge of addressing tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus positive population in India

Eradicating tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus is all the more important to realise India’s ambitious goal of tuberculosis free India by 2025.Although,continuous efforts are being made to address tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus co-infection,it is imperative to closely monitor the implemented strategies,encourage and validate disease notification system in the country,and bring about societal change to view this disease as an ailment only and not as a stigma.

Treatment of postoperative infectious complications in patients with human immunodef iciency virus infection

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are widely given for surgical patients to prevent infection. Because of the lack of study on the rational use of antibiotics in patients with human immunodef iciency virus(HIV)-infected during surgical procedures, we analyzed the risk factors affecting postoperative infectious complications in HIV-infected patients and explore the rational use of perioperative antibiotics.METHODS: This retrospective study consisted of 308 HIV-infected patients, 272 males and 36 females, who had undergone operation at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from November 2008 to April 2012. The patients were divided into postoperative infection and non-infection groups. Their age and clinical variables were compared. The correlation between surgical incision, surgical site infection(SSI) and postoperative sepsis was analyzed. Prophylactic antibiotics were used for patients with type I and II incisions for less than 2 days. Patients with type III incisions were given antibiotics until the infection was controlled. Antiretroviral therapy(ART) was prescribed preoperatively for patients whose preoperative CD4 count was <350 cells/μL. For those patients whose preoperative CD4 count was <200 cells/μL, sulfamethoxazole and fluconazole were given preoperatively as prophylactic agents controlling Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and fungal infection.RESULTS: A total of 196 patients developed postoperative infectious complications, and 7 patients died. Preoperative CD4 counts, ratio of CD4/CD8 cells, hemoglobin level, and postoperative CD4 counts, hemoglobin and albumin levels were risk factors of perioperative infection in HIV-infected patients. Patients with a preoperative CD4 count <200 cell/μL, anemia, a postoperative CD4 count <200 cell/μL or albumin levels <35 g/L were correlated with a higher rate of perioperative infection. There was a signif icant correlation between SSI and the type of surgical incision. The rate of SSI in patients with type I surgical incision was 2% and in those with type II surgical incision was 38%. All the patients who received type III surgical incision developed SSI, and they were more likely to develop postoperative sepsis.CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected patients are more likely to develop postoperative infectious complications. The rational use of antibiotics in HIV-infected patients could help to reduce the rate of postoperative infectious complications in these patients.

Treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome with Chinese Medicine in China： Opportunity, Advancement and Challenges~

Chinese medicine （CM） has been used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） for 30 years and the demonstrated therapeutic effects of CM, such as reducing plasma HIV viral load, increasing CD4＊T cell counts, promoting immunity reconstitution, ameliorating symptoms and signs, improving the health related quality of life （HRQOL） and counteracting against the effects of anti-retroviral drugs, were summarized and reviewed in this article. The authors point out that it had been a good opportunity to use CM for the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS in the past and also there are huge challenges ahead for CM research and clinicians to discover more effective CM and its underlying mechanisms for treatment of AIDS.

Fighting against Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome with Chinese Medicine:A Perspective from China

Continuing expansion of the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） pandemic has been recognized as an exceptional challenge to global health. Taking highly active antiretroviral treatment （HAART）, a confirmed effective treatment, has its limitations. While a much cheaper and potential treatment--the Chinese medicine （CM） has not been paid enough attention from the worldwide. We explained the CM viewpoints about pathology and etiology to answer some questions about whether and how CM can treat AIDS. Some herbal formulae and their targeted patterns and common symptoms were also introduced. Chinese government has realized the important role of CM as an independent therapy for early management, bolstering immune-system functions depressed by HIV, and has funded large randomized double-blind controlled clinical trials to more accurately assess the benefits, and valued the fundamental research to establish a quantitative standardization of pattern diagnosis. Researchers of CM are looking for cooperation with all the world＇s top experts in the areas of AIDS and immunity to strive for victories in the fight against AIDS.

Seroprevalence of and Risk Factors for Cytomegalovirus among HIV-Infected Patients at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Although the distribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a wide regional variation, it is more common in Africa and Asia with high prevalence approaching 100% in some communities. CMV is a frequent opportunistic infection and major cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV patients with severe immunosuppression. It can be contracted from body fluid, including saliva, urine, blood, cervical secretions, and semen. CMV seropositivity is considered the best laboratory measure of past infection. We determined the prevalence of CMV and the risk factors associated with its acquisition in a population of HIV positive patients. Anti-CMV IgG seroprevalence was 100% among HIV infected subjects and 98.6% among controls. Having multiple sexual partners and traditional practices were identified as risk factors associated with risk of contracting CMV infection.

空间滞后模型在新疆地区HIV/AIDS报告率影响因素生态学研究中的应用

目的应用空间滞后模型分析影响新疆地区人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)报告率的社会人口学因素,探讨该模型在AIDS流行病学中的应用价值。方法利用Geoda软件对新疆85个区县2007年—2015年HIV/AIDS报告率与社会人口学因素进行空间回归模型分析。结果多重线性回归(OLS)模型显示回归残差存在空间自相关性(Moran′s I=0.2867,P<0.001),参照拉格朗日乘数(LM)检验,最后选用空间滞后模型(SLM)进行数据分析。SLM中空间滞后项差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),即HIV/AIDS报告率存在正的空间自相关性。HIV/AIDS报告率与人口数呈正相关,与农业人口比例呈负相关。与传统OLS模型相比,SLM的调整R^(2)上升,对数似然比的绝对值和赤池信息量准则(AIC)值下降,提示拟合效果更好。结论人口多和城镇化比例高的地区HIV/AIDS报告率较高。SLM在AIDS影响因素的生态学研究中有推广价值。

经抗病毒治疗的成年HIV感染/AIDS患者并发结核病预测模型的建立与验证

目的探讨经抗病毒治疗(ART)的成年人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者并发结核病(TB)的影响因素,构建列线图模型预测HIV感染/AIDS患者并发TB风险。方法对2017年2月至2021年2月于重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心接受ART的1486例HIV感染/AIDS患者进行回顾性研究。采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析HIV感染/AIDS患者并发TB的独立危险因素并构建列线图预测模型。绘制受试者工作特征曲线、校准曲线和决策曲线进行内、外部验证,评价模型预测效能和临床实用性。结果男性、开始ART年龄为18~<45岁、世界卫生组织临床分期为Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期、基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数为200~<350个/μL或<200个/μL、基线病毒载量为10000~100000 copy/mL或>100000 copy/mL和贫血是HIV感染/AIDS患者并发TB的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。训练集及测试集列线图预测模型内外部验证的曲线下面积分别为0.727(95%CI:0.696~0.758)、0.780(95%CI:0.722~0.838)。校准曲线拟合效果良好,决策曲线分析结果显示该模型具有良好的临床收益。结论基于上述独立危险因素建立的HIV感染/AIDS患者并发TB风险的列线图预测模型具有较强的预测效能,能够为早期降低TB发病风险提供科学依据。