Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is endemic in South Africa. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs with increased frequency in HIV seropositive individuals. The increase in NHL has been more marked in the last...Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is endemic in South Africa. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs with increased frequency in HIV seropositive individuals. The increase in NHL has been more marked in the last decade, with HIV being the major contributor to this increase. More than 70% of the adult NHL patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Soweto, Johannesburg, are HIV seropositive. In addition, HIV has impacted on the clinical presentation—being more aggressive and atypical. Histologically, HIV-NHL typically manifests as B-cell, high grade lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL);Burkitt lymphoma (BL);B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL and plasmablastic lymphoma. The latter two entities, which were previously rare or unknown, have gained prominence in the last decade, occurring primarily in HIV seropositive individuals. HIV-NHL, being associated with all these adverse prognostic factors results in a poorer overall survival.展开更多
HIV （Human Immuno-deficiency Virus） prevalence in Malawi is one of the highest in the world, with 10.3% of population living with HIV. Kenya has a prevalence rate of 6% and with 1.6 million people living with HIV in...HIV （Human Immuno-deficiency Virus） prevalence in Malawi is one of the highest in the world, with 10.3% of population living with HIV. Kenya has a prevalence rate of 6% and with 1.6 million people living with HIV infection. The broad objective of the study was to assess the proportion of youth aged 15-24 years affected by HIV in Malawi and Kenya. This was a descriptive study design. Data were mainly collected from reports from government, World Bank, World Health Organization and UN agencies. Graphs, tables and charts have been used to present statistics. Data for specific age cohort were hard to find and hence, data were used for general HIV and AIDS with special attention to the youth where possible. In Kenya, HIV prevalence among young women jumps three folds from 2.8% of 15-17 year olds to 8.3% among 23-24 year olds. In Malawi, around 2,100 young people and adolescents are infected with HIV every day. In 2013, four million young people aged 15-24 were living with HIV, with 29% aged under 19 years. This age group includes school going youths, newly employed, economically productive and sexually active group. HIV prevalence in Malawi has been declining over time among persons aged 15-19 years from 16.4% in 1999 to 11.8 % in 2004 to 10.6% in 2010 and 10.3% in 2016. However, in Kenya, the trend of HIV prevalence reached its peak of 10.55% in 1995-1996 after which it declined to 6.7% in 2003 and has been stable since then.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is strongly associated with a height-ened incidence of lymphomas.To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection,animal models have been developed.These models serve as v...Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is strongly associated with a height-ened incidence of lymphomas.To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection,animal models have been developed.These models serve as valuable tools to inves-tigate disease pathobiology,assess antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs,ex-plore viral reservoirs,and develop eradication strategies.However,there are currently no validated in vivo models of HIV-associated lymphoma(HAL),hampering progress in this crucial domain,and scant attention has been given to developing animal models dedicated to studying HAL,despite their pivotal role in advancing knowledge.This re-view provides a comprehensive overview of the existing animal models of HAL,which may enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and approaches for malignancies linked to HIV infection.展开更多
Although the distribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a wide regional variation, it is more common in Africa and Asia with high prevalence approaching 100% in some communities. CMV is a frequent opportunist...Although the distribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a wide regional variation, it is more common in Africa and Asia with high prevalence approaching 100% in some communities. CMV is a frequent opportunistic infection and major cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV patients with severe immunosuppression. It can be contracted from body fluid, including saliva, urine, blood, cervical secretions, and semen. CMV seropositivity is considered the best laboratory measure of past infection. We determined the prevalence of CMV and the risk factors associated with its acquisition in a population of HIV positive patients. Anti-CMV IgG seroprevalence was 100% among HIV infected subjects and 98.6% among controls. Having multiple sexual partners and traditional practices were identified as risk factors associated with risk of contracting CMV infection.展开更多
目的：了解2009-2014年陕西省哨点监测6类重点人群的 HIV 感染率，并估算其 HIV-1新发感染率。方法使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和蛋白免疫印迹试验（WB）对2009-2014年陕西省艾滋病哨点监测6类重点人群共计77778人进行 HIV 抗体筛查...目的：了解2009-2014年陕西省哨点监测6类重点人群的 HIV 感染率，并估算其 HIV-1新发感染率。方法使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和蛋白免疫印迹试验（WB）对2009-2014年陕西省艾滋病哨点监测6类重点人群共计77778人进行 HIV 抗体筛查和确证检测，再应用 BED HIV-1捕获酶联免疫测定法检测其中的确证阳性样品，从而估算其HIV-1新发感染率。结果2009-2014年男男同性性行为人群的 HIV 感染率分别为3.75％，8.77％，3.50％，5.00％，6.20％和5.75％，且呈缓慢上升趋势；HIV-1新发感染率分别为5.04％，8.96％，5.01％，5.95％，4.68％和6.39％，整体呈下降趋势。青年学生、吸毒者、暗娼、孕产妇和性病门诊男性就诊者五类人群的 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率均保持较低水平，但性病门诊男性就诊者的 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率呈缓慢上升趋势。结论陕西省男男同性性行为人群 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率较高，但 HIV-1新发感染率呈缓慢下降趋势，应该继续加大对该人群的干预力度，其他监测人群相对较低，但也有个别人群呈上升趋势，需采取必要的应对方法。展开更多
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is endemic in South Africa. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs with increased frequency in HIV seropositive individuals. The increase in NHL has been more marked in the last decade, with HIV being the major contributor to this increase. More than 70% of the adult NHL patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Soweto, Johannesburg, are HIV seropositive. In addition, HIV has impacted on the clinical presentation—being more aggressive and atypical. Histologically, HIV-NHL typically manifests as B-cell, high grade lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL);Burkitt lymphoma (BL);B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL and plasmablastic lymphoma. The latter two entities, which were previously rare or unknown, have gained prominence in the last decade, occurring primarily in HIV seropositive individuals. HIV-NHL, being associated with all these adverse prognostic factors results in a poorer overall survival.
文摘HIV （Human Immuno-deficiency Virus） prevalence in Malawi is one of the highest in the world, with 10.3% of population living with HIV. Kenya has a prevalence rate of 6% and with 1.6 million people living with HIV infection. The broad objective of the study was to assess the proportion of youth aged 15-24 years affected by HIV in Malawi and Kenya. This was a descriptive study design. Data were mainly collected from reports from government, World Bank, World Health Organization and UN agencies. Graphs, tables and charts have been used to present statistics. Data for specific age cohort were hard to find and hence, data were used for general HIV and AIDS with special attention to the youth where possible. In Kenya, HIV prevalence among young women jumps three folds from 2.8% of 15-17 year olds to 8.3% among 23-24 year olds. In Malawi, around 2,100 young people and adolescents are infected with HIV every day. In 2013, four million young people aged 15-24 were living with HIV, with 29% aged under 19 years. This age group includes school going youths, newly employed, economically productive and sexually active group. HIV prevalence in Malawi has been declining over time among persons aged 15-19 years from 16.4% in 1999 to 11.8 % in 2004 to 10.6% in 2010 and 10.3% in 2016. However, in Kenya, the trend of HIV prevalence reached its peak of 10.55% in 1995-1996 after which it declined to 6.7% in 2003 and has been stable since then.
基金Chongqing Professional Talents Plan,Grant/Award Number:cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0048Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2022CDJYGRH-001Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China,Grant/Award Number:CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1150。
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is strongly associated with a height-ened incidence of lymphomas.To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection,animal models have been developed.These models serve as valuable tools to inves-tigate disease pathobiology,assess antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs,ex-plore viral reservoirs,and develop eradication strategies.However,there are currently no validated in vivo models of HIV-associated lymphoma(HAL),hampering progress in this crucial domain,and scant attention has been given to developing animal models dedicated to studying HAL,despite their pivotal role in advancing knowledge.This re-view provides a comprehensive overview of the existing animal models of HAL,which may enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and approaches for malignancies linked to HIV infection.
文摘Although the distribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a wide regional variation, it is more common in Africa and Asia with high prevalence approaching 100% in some communities. CMV is a frequent opportunistic infection and major cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV patients with severe immunosuppression. It can be contracted from body fluid, including saliva, urine, blood, cervical secretions, and semen. CMV seropositivity is considered the best laboratory measure of past infection. We determined the prevalence of CMV and the risk factors associated with its acquisition in a population of HIV positive patients. Anti-CMV IgG seroprevalence was 100% among HIV infected subjects and 98.6% among controls. Having multiple sexual partners and traditional practices were identified as risk factors associated with risk of contracting CMV infection.
文摘目的：了解2009-2014年陕西省哨点监测6类重点人群的 HIV 感染率，并估算其 HIV-1新发感染率。方法使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和蛋白免疫印迹试验（WB）对2009-2014年陕西省艾滋病哨点监测6类重点人群共计77778人进行 HIV 抗体筛查和确证检测，再应用 BED HIV-1捕获酶联免疫测定法检测其中的确证阳性样品，从而估算其HIV-1新发感染率。结果2009-2014年男男同性性行为人群的 HIV 感染率分别为3.75％，8.77％，3.50％，5.00％，6.20％和5.75％，且呈缓慢上升趋势；HIV-1新发感染率分别为5.04％，8.96％，5.01％，5.95％，4.68％和6.39％，整体呈下降趋势。青年学生、吸毒者、暗娼、孕产妇和性病门诊男性就诊者五类人群的 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率均保持较低水平，但性病门诊男性就诊者的 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率呈缓慢上升趋势。结论陕西省男男同性性行为人群 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率较高，但 HIV-1新发感染率呈缓慢下降趋势，应该继续加大对该人群的干预力度，其他监测人群相对较低，但也有个别人群呈上升趋势，需采取必要的应对方法。
文摘目的评价Roche电化学发光法联合检测HIV抗原抗体试剂的检测性能。方法收集包括健康献血员、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)抗体阳性和高危人群在内的血清样本1 327例。购买美国BBI公司的7套HIV血清转换盘共计51份血清样本。采用Roche cobas e411(架式系统)电化学全自动免疫分析仪和相应的检测试剂、校准品和质控品以及检测参数进行测定。以Roche Elecsys HIV Combi试剂盒为评估试剂,以生物梅里埃Vironostika Uni-FormⅡplus O HIV抗体试剂盒为参比试剂。定性检测血清HIV p24抗原和HIV1/2抗体并评价检测方法分析性能、结果一致性和血清转化灵敏度。结果 Roche Elecsys HIV Combi试剂盒批内和天间不精密度良好,符合临床使用要求。血清样本检测结果和参比试剂检测结果一致性完全符合。评估试剂的血清转化灵敏度比参比试剂平均提前了5.1 d。结论 Roche Elecsys HIV Combi试剂盒具有良好的精密度和血清转换灵敏度,有利于筛查HIV早期感染,能为临床HIV早期诊断、随访监测提供有效的实验室诊断依据。
