Integrated analysis of human influenza A(H1N1)virus infectionrelated genes to construct a suitable diagnostic model

The genome characteristics and structural functions of coding proteins correlate with the genetic diversity of the H1N1 virus,which aids in the understanding of its underlying pathogenic mechanism.In this study,analyses of the characteristic of the H1N1 virus infection-related genes,their biological functions,and infection-related reversal drugs were performed.Additionally,we used multi-dimensional bioinformatics analysis to identify the key genes and then used these to construct a diagnostic model for the H1N1 virus infection.There was a total of 169 differently expressed genes in the samples between 21 h before infection and 77 h after infection.They were used during the protein-protein interaction(PPI)analysis,and we obtained a total of 1725 interacting genes.Then,we performed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)on these genes,and we identified three modules that showed significant potential for the diagnosis of the H1N1 virus infection.These modules contained 60 genes,and they were used to construct this diagnostic model,which showed an effective prediction value.Besides,these 60 genes were involved in the biological functions of this infectious virus,like the cellular response to type I interferon and in the negative regulation of the viral life cycle.However,20 genes showed an upregulated expression as the infection progressed.Other 36 upregulated genes were used to examine the relationship between genes,human influenza A virus,and infection-related reversal drugs.This study revealed numerous important reversal drug molecules on the H1N1 virus.They included rimantadine,interferons,and shikimic acid.Our study provided a novel method to analyze the characteristic of different genes and explore their corresponding biological function during the infection caused by the H1N1 virus.This diagnostic model,which comprises 60 genes,shows that a significant predictive value can be the potential biomarker for the diagnosis of the H1N1 virus infection.

Theoretical and practical exploration of vision building in human influenza pandemic prevention & control

This article introduced the vision building concept about human influenza pandemic prevention and control.Different visions were built by creating different shapes of building blocks which also represented different organizations and physical facilities,respectively.The around-view reflection is required to be developed in the process of building so as to search for the ideal pattern.The correlation of all sectors and systems are established to combine different kinds of things,from one family to another,from communities,towns,counties,cities,rural areas, provinces to the state to handle trivial problems.These training objectives have been successfully accomplished,which has not only enriched the knowledge about prevention and control of influenza pandemic between different departments but also clarified the roles and responsibility. It lays the firm foundation for next cooperation between different departments,and make a bridge for the objective and choice of channel over human influenza pandemic prevention and control.

Distribution of Avian Influenza A Viruses in Poultry-Related Environment and Its Association with Human Infection in Henan, 2016 to 2017

Objective To survey avian influenza A viruses(AIVs) in the environment and explore the reasons for the surge in human H7 N9 cases.Methods A total of 1,045 samples were collected from routine surveillance on poultry-related environments and 307 samples from human H7 N9 cases-exposed environments in Henan from 2016 to2017. The nucleic acids of influenza A(Flu A), H5, H7, and H9 subtypes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results A total of 27 H7 N9 cases were confirmed in Henan from 2016 to 2017, 24 had a history of live poultry exposure, and 15 had H7 N9 virus detected in the related live poultry markets(LPMs). About 96%(264/275) Flu A positive-environmental samples were from LPMs. H9 was the main AIV subtype(10.05%) from routine surveillance sites with only 1 H7-positive sample, whereas 21.17% samples were H7-positive in H7 N9 cases-exposed environments. Samples from H7 N9 cases-exposed LPMs(47.56%)had much higher AIVs positive rates than those from routine surveillance sites(12.34%). The H7+H9 combination of mixed infection was 78.18%(43/55) of H7-positive samples and 41.34%(43/104) of H9-positive samples.Conclusion The contamination status of AIVs in poultry-related environments is closely associated with the incidence of human infection caused by AIVs. Therefore, systematic surveillance of AIVs in LPMs in China is essential for the detection of novel reassortant viruses and their potential for interspecies transmission.

Human Milk Oligosaccharides Enhance Innate Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza <i>in Vitro</i>

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) contribute to innate immunity by enhancing growth of beneficial bacteria, epithelial cell maturation and mucosal barrier integrity. They have immunomodulatory effects and can block pathogen binding to host cell surface glycans or receptors. We investigated the effects of 2’-fucosyllactose (2’FL), 6’-sialyllactose (6’SL), 3’-sialyllactose (3’SL) and lacto-N-neoTetraose (LNnT) on human respiratory epithelial cell lines or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following respiratory viral infectionin vitro. Expression of cytokines and viral load were monitored in infected cells. These biomarkers of innate immunity were selected since viral load and cytokine levels (IP-10, MIP-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) have been correlated with disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza (IAV) virus infectionin vivo. 2’FL significantly decreased RSV viral load and cytokines associated with disease severity (IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α) and inflammation (TNF-α, MCP-1) in airway epithelial cells. LNnT and 6’SL significantly decreased IAV viral load in airway epithelial cells. 6’SL dose-dependently down-regulated IP-10 and TNF-α in RSV infected PBMCs. HMO at or below levels found in breast milk enhance innate immunity to respiratory viruses in vitro and may interact directly with cells to modulate biomarkers of innate immunity.

基于重组人Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的三聚体抗原疫苗策略在新冠和流感疫苗中的应用

新冠病毒等多种包膜病毒的糖蛋白在天然状态下呈现三聚体形式。三聚体蛋白通常较单体蛋白具有更优的免疫原性。目前使用非人蛋白来源的Foldon等三聚体基序可促使目的蛋白形成稳定三聚体,但这些基序的强免疫原性会削弱目的蛋白的免疫应答,限制了其在疫苗抗原设计中的应用。在本研究中,发现并利用重组人源化Ⅲ型胶原蛋白(Rh3C)作为新型三聚体基序,利用合成生物学方法,与新冠病毒刺头(spike)蛋白受体结合域(RBD)融合表达后促使RBD形成三聚体。这种胶原-RBD(Rh3C-RBD)三聚体蛋白在免疫小鼠后,较RBD单体蛋白诱导产生了更高滴度的结合抗体和中和抗体。此外,我们还进一步验证了该Rh3C基序与流感病毒HA1蛋白融合后,较HA1单体蛋白可在小鼠体内诱导更强效的抗体应答。因此,这种新型的Rh3C基序,有望广泛用于三聚体疫苗抗原的设计和优化。

In Vitro Anti-influenza Virus Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharide Fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis

In this paper, in vitro anti-influenza virus activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiforrnis were investigated. Cytotoxicities and antiviral activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides （PGL）, Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-1 （GL-1）, Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-2 （GL-2） and Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-3 （GL-3） were studied by the Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） method, and the inhibitory effect against Human influenza virus H1-364 induced cytopathic effect （CPE） on MDCK cells were observed by the CPE method. In addition, the antiviral mechanism of PGL was explored by Plaque forming unit （PFU）, MTT and CPE methods. The results showed： i） Cytotoxicities were not significantly revealed, and H1-364 induced CPE was also reduced treated with sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis; ii） Antiviral activities were associated with the mass percentage content of sulfate groups in polysaccharide fractions, which was about 13%, in polysaccharides （PGL and GL-2） both of which exhibited higher antiviral activity; iii） A potential antiviral mechanism to explain these observations is that viral adsorption and replication on host cells were inhibited by sulfated polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. In conclusion, Anti-influenza virus activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis were revealed, and the antiviral activities were associated with content of sulfate groups in polysaccharide fractions

新型冠状病毒感染疫情前后儿童流感流行病学调查研究

目的分析新型冠状病毒感染疫情前后儿童流感的流行特征,为流感疫情防控提供科学依据。方法整理2018年1月至2021年12月西安医学院第一附属医院儿科流感病例流行病学资料,分析近年儿童流感感染情况,使用描述性流行病学方法进行统计学分析。结果共上报6881例儿童流感病例,甲型流感共6308例,占91.67%,乙型流感573例,占8.33%,不同年份、不同抗原型流感比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男∶女为1.22∶1.00,性别对于流感感染无影响(P>0.05);流感发病随年龄增加呈现递增趋势,以学龄期(>6~14岁)儿童为主,不同年龄段感染流感比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);每年第一、四季度为流感高发季节,新冠前后不同季节发生流感病儿比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);流感地区分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新型冠状病毒感染疫情后儿童流感病例明显下降,疫情防控政策也有效的控制了流感流行;每年第一、四季度为流感高发季节,应注重流感季节流感防控及筛查;学龄期(>6~14岁)儿童发病率高,关注此类人群的防护。

南昌市2010—2020年流行性感冒监测结果分析

目的分析2010—2020年度南昌市流行性感冒(简称“流感”)的流行病学特征及病原学分布规律,为防控提供科学依据。方法收集南昌市2010—2020年度南昌大学第一附属医院、江西省儿童医院、南昌市第三医院3家流感监测哨点医院的流感监测数据、病原学监测数据和暴发疫情资料,利用SPSS 22.0软件进行χ^(2)检验。结果南昌市2010—2020年度流感样病例(influenza-likeillness,ILI)各年度总体趋势先降后升,≤4岁年龄组构成比占比最高,占49.04%(155064/316223);共检测ILI样本25813份,流感病毒核酸检测阳性检出4045份,阳性检出率为15.7%,不同年度阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=388.44,P<0.001),且各年度流感优势毒株不同;共报告54起流感样病例暴发疫情,绝大部分发生在托幼机构和中小学,其中26起是由B型流感导致。结论2010—2020年度南昌市流行性感冒疫情冬春季高发,每年的流行毒株各不相同,呈交替或混合流行,托幼机构和中小学是较易发生流感疫情的场所,应加强流行性感冒监测和防控并提高重点人群流感疫苗接种率。

清瘟祛毒胶囊治疗成人流行性感冒热毒袭肺证临床疗效及对炎症相关因子水平的影响

目的观察清瘟祛毒胶囊治疗成人流行性感冒热毒袭肺证的临床疗效及对炎症相关因子水平的影响。方法选择沧州光周中医门诊部60例成人流行性感冒热毒袭肺证患者,按照随机数字表法分为2组。对照组30例予磷酸奥司他韦胶囊,治疗组30例在对照组治疗基础上加清瘟祛毒胶囊,治疗5天。比较2组临床疗效,发热、咳嗽、咽痛、乏力消失时间及病毒转阴时间。比较2组治疗前后白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF–α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平及咳嗽、口渴、咽痛、目赤、头痛评分。结果治疗组总有效率93.33%(28/30),高于对照组的86.67%(26/30)(P<0.05)。治疗组发热、咳嗽、咽痛、乏力消失时间及病毒转阴时间均早于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、CRP水平及咳嗽、口渴、咽痛、目赤、头痛各单项症状评分和总分均较本组治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),且治疗组较对照组更低(P<0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率3.33%(1/30),低于对照组的16.67%(5/30)(P<0.05)。结论清瘟祛毒胶囊治疗成人流行性感冒热毒袭肺证可缩短发热、咽痛等症状消失的时间及病毒转阴时间,改善临床症状,降低炎症相关因子水平,疗效确切。

流感患儿经重组人干扰素α2b雾化吸入联合帕拉米韦注射液治疗的效果分析

目的 分析流感患儿经重组人干扰素α2b雾化吸入联合帕拉米韦注射液的治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析2020年8月至2023年8月驻马店广济心血管病医院88例流感患儿,按不同治疗方案分为对照组(接受帕拉米韦注射液治疗)、研究组(接受重组人干扰素α2b雾化吸入联合帕拉米韦注射液),各44例。比较两组临床疗效,症状改善及住院时间,不良反应发生率及治疗前后血清炎性因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)],免疫球蛋白[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)]。结果 研究组临床总有效率95.45%高于对照组81.82%(P<0.05);研究组咳嗽、咽痛、高热等症状改善时间及住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、MCP-1较对照组低(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,两组IgA、IgM、IgG均升高,且研究组更高(P<0.05);研究组不良反应发生率(9.09%)与对照组(6.82%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 流感患儿采用重组人干扰素α2b雾化吸入联合帕拉米韦注射液治疗可减轻机体炎症反应,改善免疫功能,加速病情恢复,效果显著,且安全性高。

鸡源性禽流感病毒H6N2在人源肺组织细胞中的复制

目的:评估鸡源性H6N2亚型禽流感病毒在MDCK、A549和离体人肺中的复制效率,探讨该病毒跨种间屏障感染人的潜能。方法:选取2株鸡源性H6N2禽流感病毒A/CK/HZ/260/2017、A/CK/DG/651/2019,基因测序并分析该2株病毒全基因组的核苷酸同源性及遗传进化,固相直接结合法分析分析病毒的受体结合特异性,应用MDCK、A549和人肺组织评估病毒的复制。结果:鸡源性H6N2病毒基因来源于欧亚谱系,HA、NA均属于GD-SZBJ-like分支,内部基因主要由两个H6N2病毒进化分支的重配进化而来,包括GD-SZBJ-like分支和G1291-like分支,属低致病性禽流感病毒,仅结合禽型受体SAα-2,3Gal,HA的受体结合域未发现向有利于结合人型受体突变。病毒均可在MDCK和A549细胞中复制,离体人肺组织病毒分离培养阳性,免疫组化检测病毒抗原显示,A/CK/HZ/260/2017病毒株在人肺组织和部分细支气管出现流感病毒核蛋白阳性,A/CK/DG/651/2019病毒株在在人肺组织出现流感病毒核蛋白阳性。结论:鸡源性H6N2亚型禽流感病毒仍属低致病性禽流感病毒,仅识别与结合禽型受体,但病毒可不经适应直接在哺乳动物和人下呼吸道进行有效复制,提示鸡源性H6N2禽流感病毒具有跨种属感染人的潜能。

呼吸道合胞病毒、人偏肺病毒和流感病毒的感染特点分析及成人感染住院的相关因素分析

目的比较呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、人偏肺病毒(hMPV)和流感感染特点并分析成人感染住院的相关因素。方法收集2021年1月-2023年1月在流感/RSV/hMPV流行季节期间住院治疗的急性呼吸道感染的成年患者共202例,其中流感组104例,RSV组68例,MPV30例。比较三组的临床感染特征,并使用Logistics回归分析成人感染住院的相关危险因素。结果与流感患者相比,RSV和hMPV患者有更多的潜在风险因素,包括年龄大于65岁,合并症如心脏疾病、肾脏疾病、COPD更多。RSV患者住院前出现症状的时间最长,住院时间最长,入住重症监护室的比例最高,住院期间接受氧气补充的概率更高。多因素Logistics回归分析显示年龄≥65岁(调整OR=3.19,95%CI=1.44~4.17,P=0.034)、合并慢性心脏疾病(调整OR=2.01,95%CI=1.98~5.42,P=0.012)、合并慢性肾脏疾病(调整OR=2.12,95%CI=1.45~4.34,P=0.001)、合并COPD(调整OR=2.26,95%CI=0.78~3.23,P=0.122)、重度COPD(调整OR=1.85,95%CI=1.21~2.93,P=0.016)、治疗时出现COPD加重(整调OR=1.87,95%CI=1.46~5.32,P=0.015)、出现败血症(调整OR=2.12,95%CI=0.93~4.87,P=0.001)为成人住院的危险因素。结论虽然流感的发病率更高,但在住院成人中,RSV和hMPV的潜在风险因素更多,住院时间更长,这表明需要采取有效的干预措施。与流感、RSV、hMPV成人患者住院相关的危险因素为年龄≥65岁,患者合并慢性心脏疾病、慢性肾脏疾病、重度COPD,治疗时COPD加重、出现败血症。

河南省首例人感染H5N6禽流感病例的流行病学及临床特征

目的:分析河南省首例人感染H5N6禽流感病例的流行病学及临床特征。方法:2022年3月24日,河南省首次报告一例人感染H5N6禽流感确诊病例。参照《人感染动物源性流感预防控制技术指南(试行)》,疾控机构专业人员对病例开展现场流行病学调查,对涉及的工作场所、病例居住地以及禽类来源地等开展环境标本病原检测。结果:患者临床表现主要为高热、咳嗽、呼吸困难,后因呼吸衰竭死亡;病例有明确的禽肉相关暴露史,早期肺泡灌洗液、禽肉及工作场所环境标本H5N6禽流感病毒核酸均为阳性。结论:该例人感染H5N6禽流感病例通过职业暴露感染,未发现人传人的证据。

Variation and evolution of NP genes of human avian H_5N_1 virus strains

In order to reveal variation and revolution of NP genes of human avian H5 N1 influenza virus strains, the NP gene of a human avian H5 N1 influenza virus strain in Guangdong was sequenced and the global NP genes of strains were retrieved. The sequences were analyzed by DNAStar 5.0, and the evolutionary speed was studied with reference to the epidemiological data. It was found that NP genes of 45 strains during 1997-2006 were homologically classified into three groups： strains in 1997-1998, strains in 2004-2005 and strains from 2003 to 2006. There were 35 substitutions in NPs in all strains accounting for a ratio of 7.03% （35/498）. An additional glycoprotein domain （NGT430-432） was found in NP genes in the strains of 2003-2006, the mutation of N370S in GD-01-06 resulted in occurrence of one more glycoprotein domain （NES368-370）. In the synonymous variation, Ks values in NP were 2.03 × 10^-5-2.55 × 10^-5 Nt/d and K. values in NP were 1.58 × 10^-6-3.10 × 10^-6 Nt/d. There didn＇t exist obviously selective pressure. An additional glycoprotein domain in every strain of 2003-2006 and one more in strain GD-01-06 might change the antigenicity of human avian H5 N1 influenza virus. The variation on human avian H5 N1 influenza strains occurred frequently in the natural world, which would result in high probability of human-human transmission along with the natural evolution of the virus.

C-反应蛋白诊断不同类型儿童流感病毒感染的价值研究

目的探讨C-反应蛋白(CRP)是否与甲型流感或乙型流感病情相关,并评价CRP检测诊断ILI的价值。方法选择2020年11月至2021年1月季节性流感流行期间医院收治的ILI患儿进行分析,统计患者一般资料,分析CRP水平与症状的关联,探讨甲型或乙型流感与CRP水平的相关性。结果277例诊断流感样疾病患者中甲型流感121例(121/277,44%),乙型流感58例(58/277,21%)。根据CRP浓度无法确诊甲型流感患者,而CRP每增加10 mg/L则相应乙型流感显著降低,优势比为0.42(0.25~0.70,P<0.01)。临床症状上中重度症状呼吸急促、出汗、头晕等与CRP水平较高有关。结论CRP与甲型流感无关联关系,而CRP浓度增高与乙型流感风险降低有关。除非怀疑细菌感染时候,一般情况下不考虑利用CRP诊断ILI。

Successful High-Dosage Dexamethasone Treatment of H1N1 Influenza A Pneumonia Complicated with Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis in an HIV-Infected Adult

Neurological manifestations in H1N1 influenza A infection are very rare, especially in adults, and its mechanism of action is still uncertain. Here, we reported the case of a 53-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) who had H1N1 influenza A pneumonia complicated with very rare acute necrotizing encephalitis, although the HIV was under control. With prompt identification and administration of high dosage of dexamethasone, her mental status improved from stupor to clear, with minimal right hemiparesis. Further, brain magnetic resonance image revealed great resolution of mass effect. This dramatic improvement in response to the treatment may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology between H1N1 influenza A infection and acute necrotizing encephalitis.

感冒退热合剂联合重组人干扰素α1b治疗儿童乙型流感疗效

目的 观察感冒退热合剂联合雾化重组人干扰素α1b治疗儿童乙型流感的疗效。方法 选择2021年1月—2022年6月武汉市中医医院收治的80例乙型流感患儿作为研究对象,随机分为两组各40例。对照组予雾化重组人干扰素α1b治疗,研究组予感冒退热合剂联合雾化重组人干扰素α1b治疗。评价两组疗效、恢复情况[鼻咽拭子乙型流感病毒抗原(IBV-Ag)是否转阴,血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和体温是否恢复正常]和安全性,比较两组患儿治疗前后免疫指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+))、炎症因子[血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)]水平变化。结果 治疗后研究组总有效率为90.00%,明显高于对照组的70.00%(P <0.05);研究组的IBV-Ag转阴比例,以及血清SAA、CRP和体温正常比例均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)均较前明显升高(P <0.05),血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-4、IFN-γ水平与CD8^(+)则均较前明显降低(P <0.01),且研究组上述指标均优于对照组(P <0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 感冒退热合剂联合雾化重组人干扰素α1b治疗儿童乙型流感效果良好,能促进患儿恢复,增强机体免疫,改善炎症因子水平,且安全性尚可。

儿童流行性感冒与胃肠炎的认知现状调查研究

目的针对家长对两种儿童易发病流行性感冒(简称流感)和胃肠炎的认知现状进行调研,并给出相关建议。方法以目前生活在中国(以长三角地区为主),年龄为18~62岁的0~14岁儿童监护人(包括父母、兄长和姐姐、祖父母)为受访对象。调查题为“关于两种儿童易发病的认知现状调研”,于2022年7月15—20日采用线上与线下相结合的方式进行问卷发放。通过检索流感和胃肠炎基础知识的最新相关文献和同行进行的儿童监护人对疾病认知情况的调查,设计了问卷条目。问卷包含3个部分:受访者基本信息、针对流感和胃肠炎的认知水平问卷(疾病概况、疾病预防、疾病诊断、疾病治疗4个维度)、针对流感和胃肠炎的解决方案。对收集的问卷进行量化评分,采用单因素分析、多因素logistic回归分析影响儿童家长认知状况的因素。结果2022年7月15—20日共发放问卷276份,答卷均收回,回收率为100%,问卷有效率100%,最终样本人数共276名。受访者流感认知水平问卷平均分为(54.13±13.50)分,及格率为48.55%(134/276),不及格率为51.45%(142/276);受访者胃肠炎认知水平问卷平均分为(49.70±14.94)分,及格率为35.14%(97/276),不及格率为64.86%(179/276)。单因素分析结果显示,影响受访者对流感认知状况的因素为监护关系(P=0.011)、儿童年龄(P<0.001)、居住地区(P<0.001)、居住省市(P<0.001),影响受访者对胃肠炎认知状况的因素为儿童年龄(P<0.001)、居住地区(P=0.001)、居住省市(P<0.001),儿童性别、受访者年龄和性别均不是影响受访者对流感认知状况的因素(P值均>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,居住地(市区)是影响受访者对流感(OR=0.086,95%CI为0.040~0.183,P<0.001)和胃肠炎(OR=0.400,95%CI为0.229~0.701,P=0.001)认知状况的因素。结论居住在城市的家长相对于居住在乡镇的家长对儿童流感和胃肠炎的认知水平更高,有待提高所有家长对这两类儿童易发病的整体认知水平,建议加强乡镇、农村等地区的健康科普工作。

奥司他韦联合喜炎平对流行性感冒患者炎症指标及免疫功能的影响

目的观察奥司他韦联合喜炎平对流行性感冒(简称流感)患者炎症指标及免疫功能的影响。方法选取石城县人民医院接收的82例流感患者,纳入时间:2020年6月至2022年10月,根据随机数字表法分为两组,即对照组(n=41)、观察组(n=41),均接受常规对症治疗,基于此,对照组接受奥司他韦治疗,观察组进行奥司他韦联合喜炎平治疗,治疗5 d。比较两组疗效;于治疗前、后,比较两组炎症指标[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)],免疫功能(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞水平);并比较不良反应发生率。结果观察组有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组CRP、IL-6、IL-4水平、CD8^(+)水平显著下降,两组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平显著升高,且观察组变化更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论奥司他韦联合喜炎平治疗流感疗效确切,可减轻患者炎症反应,提高免疫功能。

自然杀伤细胞对人甲型流感病毒抑制作用研究

目的:探究自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)对人甲型流感(FluA)病毒的抑制作用,以提高人体抗病毒感染能力及探索对流感病毒新的治疗手段。方法:进行FluA病毒毒株毒力测定,稀释FluA病毒液,将正常细胞和病毒原液进行对照。收集NK细胞并鉴定,稀释成2.5×10^(4)/mL、5×10^(4)/mL、1×10^(5)/mL、2×10^(5)/mL、4×10^(5)/mL浓度的细胞悬液,使用流式细胞仪进行分析。细胞病变效应(CPE)观测法观察试验细胞病变状态,噻唑蓝(MTT)法计算细胞保护率,分析CPE观测法及MTT法检测NK细胞对FluA病毒抑制作用。结果:在倒置显微镜下显示病毒攻击细胞后,细胞可出现固缩、相互融合形成葡萄串状或星状,随着NK细胞浓度增加,细胞病变反而下降。细胞保护率随着NK细胞效靶比的升高而升高。结论:CPE观测法及MTT法初步发现NK细胞对FluA病毒有一定的抑制作用。在此基础上,可探索针对流感病毒的新治疗手段。