AIM To analyze the clinical impact of preformed antiH LA-Cw vs antiH LA-A and/or-B donor-specific antibodies(DSA) in kidney transplantation.METHODS Retrospective study, comparing 12 patients transplanted with DSA excl...AIM To analyze the clinical impact of preformed antiH LA-Cw vs antiH LA-A and/or-B donor-specific antibodies(DSA) in kidney transplantation.METHODS Retrospective study, comparing 12 patients transplanted with DSA exclusively antiH LA-Cw with 23 patients with preformed DSA antiH LA-A and/or B.RESULTS One year after transplantation there were no differencesin terms of acute rejection between the two groups(3 and 6 cases, respectively in the DSA-Cw and the DSA-A-B groups; P = 1). At one year, eG FR was not significantly different between groups(median 59 mL /min in DSA-Cw group, compared to median 51 mL /min in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.192). Moreover, kidney graft survival was similar between groups at 5-years(100% in DSA-Cw group vs 91% in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.528). The sole independent predictor of antibody mediated rejection(AMR) incidence was DSA strength(HR = 1.07 per 1000 increase in MFI, P = 0.034). AMR was associated with shortened graft survival at 5-years, with 75% and 100% grafts surviving in patients with or without AMR, respectively(Log-rank P = 0.005).CONCLUSION Our data indicate that DSA-Cw are associated with an identical risk of AMR and impact on graft function in comparison with "classical" class I DSA.展开更多
Limited clinical application of antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)targeting tumor associated antigens(TAAs)is usually caused by on-target off-tumor side effect.Tumor-specific mutant antigens(TSMAs)only expressed in tumor ...Limited clinical application of antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)targeting tumor associated antigens(TAAs)is usually caused by on-target off-tumor side effect.Tumor-specific mutant antigens(TSMAs)only expressed in tumor cells which are ideal targets for ADCs.In addition,intracellular somatic mutant proteins can be presented on the cell surface by human leukocyte antigen class I(HLA I)molecules forming tumor-specific peptide/HLA I complexes.KRAS G12 V mutation frequently occurred in varied cancer and was verified as a promising target for cancer therapy.In this study,we generated two TCR-mimic antibodydrug conjugates(TCRm-ADCs),2E8-MMAE and 2 A5-MMAE,targeting KRAS G12 V/HLAA*0201 complex,which mediated specific antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo without obvious toxicity.Our findings are the first time validate the strategy of TCRm-ADCs targeting intracellular TSMAs,which improves the safety of antibody-based drugs and provides novel strategy for precision medicine in cancer therapy.展开更多
Background It has been confirmed that defective expression of human leukocyte antigen class Ⅰ （HLA-Ⅰ） molecules can contribute to the immune evasion of cancer cells in some types of cancer. The aim of this study w...Background It has been confirmed that defective expression of human leukocyte antigen class Ⅰ （HLA-Ⅰ） molecules can contribute to the immune evasion of cancer cells in some types of cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of HLA class Ⅰ antigen and the antigen-processing machinery （APM） components in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） and their role in high risk human papillomavirus （HPV） infection, and to analyze their association with histopathological characteristics in the Kazak ethnic group.Methods A total of 50 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ESCC lesions were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China. The expression levels of HLA-Ⅰ antigen and APM components were determined by immunohistochemistry; the HPV DNA were detected using polymerase chain reaction （PCR）.Results A high frequency of down-regulation or loss of expression of HLA and APM components were found in esophageal cancer in Kazak people. HLA-Ⅰ, TAP1, CNX, LMP7, Erp57, Tapasin and ERAP1 were down-regulated in 68%,44%, 48%, 40%, 52%, 32% and 20% of ESCC lesions then, respectively. The loss of expression of HLA-Ⅰ antigen was significantly correlated with part of the APM components and positively correlated with high risk HPV16 infection. TAP1,CNX, LMP7, Erp57 and Tapasin loss were significantly associated with tumor grading, lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Our results suggest that APM component defects are a mechanism underlying HLA-Ⅰ antigen down-regulation in ESCC lesions, and indicate that the loss expression of HLA-Ⅰ and APM components will become an important marker of ESCC and analysis of HLA-Ⅰ and APM component expression can provide useful prognostic information for patients with ESCC from the Kazak ethnic group.展开更多
Viral protein U （Vpu） is an accessory protein associated with two main functions important in human immu-nodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） replication and dis-semination; these are down-regulation of CD4 receptor ...Viral protein U （Vpu） is an accessory protein associated with two main functions important in human immu-nodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） replication and dis-semination; these are down-regulation of CD4 receptor through mediating its proteasomal degradation and en-hancement of virion release by antagonizing tetherin/BST2. It is also well established that Vpu is one of the most highly variable proteins in the HIV-1 proteome. However it is still unclear what drives Vpu sequence variability, whether Vpu acquires polymorphisms as a means of immune escape, functional advantage, or otherwise. It is assumed that the host-pathogen inter-action is a cause of polymorphic phenotype of Vpu and that the resulting functional heterogeneity of Vpu may have critical significance in vivo . In order to compre-hensively understand Vpu variability, it is important to integrate at the population level the genetic association approaches to identify specifc amino acid residues and the immune escape kinetics which may impose Vpu functional constraints in vivo . This review will focus on HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu in the context of its sequence variability at population level and also bring forward evidence on the role of the host immune re-sponses in driving Vpu sequence variability; we will also highlight the recent findings that illustrate Vpu func-tional implication in HIV-1 pathogenesis.展开更多
文摘AIM To analyze the clinical impact of preformed antiH LA-Cw vs antiH LA-A and/or-B donor-specific antibodies(DSA) in kidney transplantation.METHODS Retrospective study, comparing 12 patients transplanted with DSA exclusively antiH LA-Cw with 23 patients with preformed DSA antiH LA-A and/or B.RESULTS One year after transplantation there were no differencesin terms of acute rejection between the two groups(3 and 6 cases, respectively in the DSA-Cw and the DSA-A-B groups; P = 1). At one year, eG FR was not significantly different between groups(median 59 mL /min in DSA-Cw group, compared to median 51 mL /min in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.192). Moreover, kidney graft survival was similar between groups at 5-years(100% in DSA-Cw group vs 91% in DSA-A-B group, P = 0.528). The sole independent predictor of antibody mediated rejection(AMR) incidence was DSA strength(HR = 1.07 per 1000 increase in MFI, P = 0.034). AMR was associated with shortened graft survival at 5-years, with 75% and 100% grafts surviving in patients with or without AMR, respectively(Log-rank P = 0.005).CONCLUSION Our data indicate that DSA-Cw are associated with an identical risk of AMR and impact on graft function in comparison with "classical" class I DSA.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China‘Precision Medicine Research’(Grant No.2017YFC0908602)the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(Grant No.81430081)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFE0102200)。
文摘Limited clinical application of antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)targeting tumor associated antigens(TAAs)is usually caused by on-target off-tumor side effect.Tumor-specific mutant antigens(TSMAs)only expressed in tumor cells which are ideal targets for ADCs.In addition,intracellular somatic mutant proteins can be presented on the cell surface by human leukocyte antigen class I(HLA I)molecules forming tumor-specific peptide/HLA I complexes.KRAS G12 V mutation frequently occurred in varied cancer and was verified as a promising target for cancer therapy.In this study,we generated two TCR-mimic antibodydrug conjugates(TCRm-ADCs),2E8-MMAE and 2 A5-MMAE,targeting KRAS G12 V/HLAA*0201 complex,which mediated specific antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo without obvious toxicity.Our findings are the first time validate the strategy of TCRm-ADCs targeting intracellular TSMAs,which improves the safety of antibody-based drugs and provides novel strategy for precision medicine in cancer therapy.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81060164） and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fund（No.2009211B14）.
文摘Background It has been confirmed that defective expression of human leukocyte antigen class Ⅰ （HLA-Ⅰ） molecules can contribute to the immune evasion of cancer cells in some types of cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of HLA class Ⅰ antigen and the antigen-processing machinery （APM） components in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） and their role in high risk human papillomavirus （HPV） infection, and to analyze their association with histopathological characteristics in the Kazak ethnic group.Methods A total of 50 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ESCC lesions were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China. The expression levels of HLA-Ⅰ antigen and APM components were determined by immunohistochemistry; the HPV DNA were detected using polymerase chain reaction （PCR）.Results A high frequency of down-regulation or loss of expression of HLA and APM components were found in esophageal cancer in Kazak people. HLA-Ⅰ, TAP1, CNX, LMP7, Erp57, Tapasin and ERAP1 were down-regulated in 68%,44%, 48%, 40%, 52%, 32% and 20% of ESCC lesions then, respectively. The loss of expression of HLA-Ⅰ antigen was significantly correlated with part of the APM components and positively correlated with high risk HPV16 infection. TAP1,CNX, LMP7, Erp57 and Tapasin loss were significantly associated with tumor grading, lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Our results suggest that APM component defects are a mechanism underlying HLA-Ⅰ antigen down-regulation in ESCC lesions, and indicate that the loss expression of HLA-Ⅰ and APM components will become an important marker of ESCC and analysis of HLA-Ⅰ and APM component expression can provide useful prognostic information for patients with ESCC from the Kazak ethnic group.
基金Supported by A Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports,and Culture(MEXT)of JapanA Grant-in-Aid for AIDS Research from the Ministry of Health,Labor,and Welfare of Japan+1 种基金The Scholarship for the International Priority Graduate Programs,to Hasan Z and Kamori DAdvanced Graduate Courses for International Students(Doctoral Course),MEXT,Japan,to Hasan Z and Kamori D
文摘Viral protein U （Vpu） is an accessory protein associated with two main functions important in human immu-nodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） replication and dis-semination; these are down-regulation of CD4 receptor through mediating its proteasomal degradation and en-hancement of virion release by antagonizing tetherin/BST2. It is also well established that Vpu is one of the most highly variable proteins in the HIV-1 proteome. However it is still unclear what drives Vpu sequence variability, whether Vpu acquires polymorphisms as a means of immune escape, functional advantage, or otherwise. It is assumed that the host-pathogen inter-action is a cause of polymorphic phenotype of Vpu and that the resulting functional heterogeneity of Vpu may have critical significance in vivo . In order to compre-hensively understand Vpu variability, it is important to integrate at the population level the genetic association approaches to identify specifc amino acid residues and the immune escape kinetics which may impose Vpu functional constraints in vivo . This review will focus on HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu in the context of its sequence variability at population level and also bring forward evidence on the role of the host immune re-sponses in driving Vpu sequence variability; we will also highlight the recent findings that illustrate Vpu func-tional implication in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
