Epitome of Research on the History of Science and Technology in China:A Review of the Book Series History of Science and Technology in Pre-Modern China in Comparison with Needham’s Science and Civilisation in China

The early twenty-first century witnessed the publication of the book series Zhongguo kexue jishu shi中国科学技术史(History of science and technology in pre-modern China),which was initiated and organized by the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and compiled by a multitude of Chinese scholars.In comparison with Science and Civilisation in China by Dr.Joseph Needham,Zhongguo kexue jishu shi is superior in the layout characteristics,literature collection,research and explication,field investigation,and simulation experiments.

A Brief Analysis of the relationship between the natural sciences and humanities and social science

With the continuous development of economic and social, the category of science is no longer limited to the technical field, natural science, humanities and social science have flourished, but the study of the relationship between the two disciplines is not perfect enough, so we should follow the academic trend, clarify the relationship between the two,only in this way can we have a more specific grasp of the science, this had a profound influence on the all-round development of modern society.

Consider Science, Technology, Environment and Human Rights as a Whole to Achieve Scientific Development

The 18th National Congress of CPC, which concluded not long ago, put forward the ambitious goal ofcompletely building up a better-off society by 2020. Since the reform and opening of 1978, especially in the past decade, the human rights construction of China has made enormous achievements. The complete building up of a better-off society requires taking comprehensive consideration of many aspects, such as the economy, politics, culture,

The research priorities of Resources and Environmental Sciences

The great challenges of sustainable development highlight an urgent need to systematically understand the mech-anisms linking humans and nature.Resources and Environmental Sciences are a broad and practical discipline focused on coupled human and natural systems.They aim to study the formation and evolution of resources in the earth system,the drivers of various environmental problems,processes and relationships between resources and the environment,particularly under the combined impacts of natural conditions and human activities.The major resources and environmental problems drive the discipline development;international science programmes guide the direction of the discipline;interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary integration promotes new branches of the discipline;and technological progress results in a research paradigm shift.Facing the critical research re-quirements of strengthening trans-and interdisciplinarity,breaking through the key technology,targeting major environmental and disaster issues,and supporting sustainable development,nine critical scientific issues should be focused on climate change impact and adaptation,petroleum and mineral resources,water cycle and water re-sources,soil and land resources,ecosystems,remote sensing and geographic information science,environmental science and technology,disaster risk,and global and regional sustainable development.Suggestions to enhancing funding systems,improve talent cultivation,develop scientific platforms,and strength international cooperation are provided in this study to support scientific policymaking.The promotion of Resources and Environmental Sci-ences enables a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of economic development and environmental changes relevant to assure a more sustainable global development.

Nanotechnoscience as Combination of the Natural and Engineering Sciences

This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory schemes of the natural phenomena and formulated predictions of the course of the definite natural events on the basis of mathematics and experimental data, and on the other, as in the engineering sciences are constructed not only the projects of the new experimental situations but also structural schemes of the new nanosystem unknown in nature and technology. The operation of nanotheory is realized by the iteration method. At first a special engineering problem is formulated. Then it is represented in the form of the structural scheme of the nanosystem which is transformed into the idea about the natural process reflecting its performance. To calculate and mathematically model this process a functional scheme is constructed. Consequently, the engineering problem is reformulated into a scientific one and then into a mathematical problem solved by the deductive method. This path from the bottom to the top represents the analysis of schemes （the bottom up approach）. The way in the opposite direction--the synthesis of schemes （the top down approach）--makes it possible to synthesize the ideal model of a new nanosystem from idealized structural elements, according to the appropriate rules of deductive transformation, to calculate basic parameters of the nanosystem and simulate its function. Nanotechnology is at the same time a field of scientific knowledge and a sphere of engineering activity, in other words--nanotechnoscience--similar with systems engineering as the analysis and design of large-scale, complex, man-machine systems, but now as micro- and nanosystems. Scanning tunneling microscope in the nanoexperiment is not only an arrangement of scientific investigation but also at the same time a facility to fabricate the electrically conducting bridges between an electrode and the selected nanotubes and computer modeling and the design of different artifacts.

Sci-tech Progress and Human Rights Development——Review of the 2022·China-Europe Seminar on Human Rights

The 2022·China-Europe Seminar on Human Rights,successfully held in Wuhan and Vienna on May 10,2022,was sponsored by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and Austria-China Friendship Association and organized by the Institute for Human Rights Law of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,the National Human Rights Education and Training Base,and Austria-China Law Association.Scholars at home and abroad conducted extensive exchanges on the conceptual guidance and practical experience of actively promoting the balanced development of scientific and technological innovation and human rights protection,and discussed the problems and countermeasures in the practice of human rights protection in in relation to the advances in science and technology.The meeting reached a consensus on respecting and protecting human rights in the era of science and technology having become a new trend and new feature in the development of human rights amidst the collision of different viewpoints and the exchange of multi-party dialogues.It also further advocated that all countries actively carry out international cooperation in the field of science and technology,so that science and technology can make greater contributions to promoting the development of human rights in the world and building a community with a shared future for human beings.

Imbalance Between Scientific Technology and Human Rights and Measures to Rectify the Imbalance——Taking Geological Disasters as an Example

I. Increase in Human Activity and Occurrence of Geological Disasters ＂A geological disaster is a natural disaster that happens in a geo- logical environment. It is a geological effect （phenomenon） caused or in- fluenced by Nature and （or） human factors that leads to losses to human life, property and the environment.TM Based on their cause, geological disasters can be divided into natural geological and artificial geological disasters. Natural geological disas- ters include those caused by natural effects. These include typhoons, rain- fall, melting snow and earthquakes,

GIScience and remote sensing in natural resource and environmental research:Status quo and future perspectives

Geographic information science(GIScience)and remote sensing have long provided essential data and method-ological support for natural resource challenges and environmental problems research.With increasing advances in information technology,natural resource and environmental science research faces the dual challenges of data and computational intensiveness.Therefore,the role of remote sensing and GIScience in the fields of natural resources and environmental science in this new information era is a key concern of researchers.This study clarifies the definition and frameworks of these two disciplines and discusses their role in natural resource and environmental research.GIScience is the discipline that studies the abstract and formal expressions of the basic concepts and laws of geography,and its research framework mainly consists of geo-modeling,geo-analysis,and geo-computation.Remote sensing is a comprehensive technology that deals with the mechanisms of human ef-fects on the natural ecological environment system by observing the earth surface system.Its main areas include sensors and platforms,information processing and interpretation,and natural resource and environmental appli-cations.GIScience and remote sensing provide data and methodological support for resource and environmental science research.They play essential roles in promoting the development of resource and environmental science and other related technologies.This paper provides forecasts of ten future directions for GIScience and eight future directions for remote sensing,which aim to solve issues related to natural resources and the environment.

Establishment of the "Fenlong Energy Theory" and Conjecture of the "Fenlong Dark Matter Flow"

It is the first time that the world’s first new method of farming,the"Fenlong farming technology,"has been systematically clarified,and the"Fenlong body integrating with natural science"has been created in terms of land resource activation,natural fertilization,natural water management,natural ecological improvement(including climate),and natural indirect activation of river water resources.Moreover,the"theory of Fenlong energy"has been established based on its effectiveness.The"theory of Fenlong energy"originates from the"multiplying and incremental utilization of three-dimensional spatial resources"in production practice.Its application to more than 40 kinds of crops such as rice,corn and wheat in 26 provinces including Guangxi,Xinjiang and Tibet shows that:the yield of arable land increases by 20%to 50%(the quality is improved by 5%),the yield of saline land increases by 20%to 100%,and it can retain 100%of water and resist or ease the disaster.The"theory of three-dimensional spatial resources","Fenlong science","Fenlong law"are the theoretical base for the establishment of the"theory of Fenlong energy".Based on the phenomena that the Fenlong crops have particularly developed root systems,white and more fibrous roots,and tall plants,it is proposed for the first time that Fenlong farming breaks the confinement of the bottom layer of the plow and realizes the holographic penetration of material,energy,and information flows,and there may be the speculation of"Fenlong dark matter flow".

Research of Utopia in Chinese New Generation Science Fiction Literature

Chinese new generation science fiction refers to the science fiction after the 1990s because of their diverse creative concepts,aesthetic values and new narrative modes.This paper summarizes the development of Chinese science fiction literature,and analyzes the utopias in Chinese new generation science fiction.The types of utopias in new generation science fiction can be divided into two aspects:temporal and spatial utopias and technological utopias.The characteristics of Chinese new generation's utopia include extraordinary Imagination,new and different ways of thinking.The functions of Chinese utopia are mainly reflected in the affirmation of ultimate values and the criticism of reality.The creation of new generations has brought new hope to Chinese science fiction literature,but in general,Chinese science fiction literature has a long way to go.

基于新型职业农牧民科技培训的Human Library知识转移

中国历来很重视农牧民的培养,早在建国初期,毛泽东同志就提出了"严重的问题是教育农民"的经典论断。基于新型职业农牧民的科技培训,论述了Human Library的起源和文献的发表情况,介绍了图书馆知识转移的基本机理和新型职业农牧民在科技培训中心面临的主要问题,提出了Human Library知识转移的科技培训模式和流程。

Human Library知识转移服务新型职业农牧民科技培训的SWOT分析

介绍了Human Library的起源和发展,简述了新型职业农牧民科技培训的现状和问题,通过SWOT分析法,分析了Human Library知识转移服务新型职业农牧民科技培训的优势、劣势、机会、威胁因素,提出了图书馆开展Human Library知识转移服务新型职业农牧民科技培训的对策。

Nature杂志涉中科技报道叙事研究

近年来,Nature加大了对中国科技发展前沿的关注力度,涉中科技报道日益增多。作为一份国际影响力极高的综合性科技刊物,Nature的中国科技报道无疑会对读者的中国认知产生重要影响。Nature在报道中国科技新闻时,采取了多种叙事策略;在传播中国科技发展重大事件的同时,隐蔽、巧妙地建构了一个不同于时政新闻或文学作品来源的中国形象。深入分析这些叙事策略及其建构的中国形象对于帮助读者认清欧美科技媒体涉中科技报道中根深蒂固的偏见和歧视具有现实意义。

Natural Resource and Energy:Towards Sustainable Use and Development

The paper articulates the role of energy sector and its impact on the natural resources and biodiversity, focusing on traditional energy consumption in rural areas;renewable energy technology,gender dimension on rural energy,the energy sector in its geo-political, social and economic settings as well as technology policy on integrating energy planning.It advocates how sub-Saharan Africans are

论中国式现代化进程中教育、科技、人才一体化建设

教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑,坚持三者一体化建设、一体化推进,是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的必然要求,是开辟发展新领域新赛道、塑造发展新动能新优势、推动经济社会高质量发展的解码密钥。教育、科技、人才均为强国建设之基石,三者统一于推进和拓展中国式现代化的伟大实践,整体服务于社会主义现代化国家建设。科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略要实现有效联动,坚持一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养,一体设计原始创新、集成创新、开放创新,一体部署创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链。教育强国、科技强国、人才强国是全面建成社会主义现代化强国的题中应有之义,要加强党的全面领导,努力实现各方面政策举措的贯通融通。

The Stabilizing Role of Material Structure in Scientific Practice

Knowledge of the environment is essential for the survival of organisms; but those organisms have to have the capacity to stabilize such knowledge. The aim of this article is to analyze the various strategies for stabilizing human knowledge, with a special focus on its material anchors and their interactions with other stabilization means. In particular, I consider how such stabilization is reflected in scientific activity and practice, and what its repercussions are for the models of science that have dominated the philosophical landscape of the 20th century. My starting hypothesis will be that the role of material anchors in stabilizing conceptual blends is analogous to that of technology in grounding scientific knowledge. The framework I adopt with regard to conceptualization is that of Fauconnier and Turner （2002） on conceptual blends. Just as technology intervenes in scientific practice in conjunction with conceptual elements, so do material anchors, which conjoin other non-material strategies of knowledge stabilization. Endowing knowledge with a material basis may be understood firstly as an element （sometimes a key element） for representing knowledge and offering an explanation, and secondly as a way of providing a scientific hypothesis with empirical grounding. It is this second sense that connects with scientific experimentation and the use of instruments and technology.

Nature摘要的编辑原则及语言特点

以2004年10月21日出版的Nature摘要为例,阐述了Nature摘要的编辑原则及语言特点。

技术文明时代哲学本科拔尖创新人才培养转向

哲学的建设和发展以及哲学家的培养是新文科建设的核心和关键。技术文明时代比以往任何时代更需要哲学家。百年来,中西若干哲学家的学缘和知识结构中科学、技术的鲜明痕迹及其哲思已现端倪,哲学家的知识结构需要不同以往。哲学的转向提示哲学本科教育也需转向。牛津大学等多所世界一流大学哲学专业群提供了方向启发,哲学应成为某种轴心,动态地与技术、自然科学等诸学科应合。“应合”区别于“拼盘”与“跨学科”,成为高等教育课程论中一个新概念。应建设以哲学为轴心的、具有应合特征的专业群,将学生带至技术和科学前沿发问;重视课程元素、辅修/双学位、微专业、第二学士学位在丰富学生知识结构中技术与科学知识的作用,为哲学家涌现构造环境,让更多哲学家“冒”出来。

区域科技金融发展水平测度与空间分布特征分析——来自河北省的数据

为加快推进区域科技金融发展,促进经济转型与动能转化,从科技金融环境、科技金融投入和科技金融产出3个方面出发,提出了一套用于评估区域科技金融发展水平的指标体系。以河北省为例,采用熵权TOPSIS法对2012-2020年河北省11个地区的科技金融发展水平进行测度,通过莫兰指数和自然断点法对各地区科技金融发展水平的空间相关性和空间分布格局进行探索分析。结果显示:2012-2020年河北省各地区科技金融发展水平整体呈上升态势,但地区间差异仍然很大;冀中地区领先于其他地区,冀南、冀北地区增速高于中部地区,形成“中部地区领跑、周边地区追赶”的格局;河北省科技金融分布并不均衡,整体呈现出“中部高、南北低、逐渐向东部深化”的空间分布格局。建议河北省加大财政科技投入,合理配置科技金融资源;建立区域合作机制,发挥核心地区溢出作用;完善科技金融人才体系,加快推进科技成果转化。

引领新时代水土保持之科技前瞻

中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》,对水土保持高质量发展提出了新的时代要求。全面提升水土保持功能和生态产品供给能力是新时代水土保持攻坚的目标与任务。新时代水土保持科学技术支撑十分重要和紧迫,应从以下几方面加快科技创新和应用:区域水土流失治理减量降级目标与评价,实行水土保持率不同阈值的区域水土保持分类指导,构建水土保持功能分析指标体系,探索生态系统水土保持功能提升技术;建立水土保持重点区域空间管控制度,实施差别化管理,探索并推广不同类型农林开发活动水土保持技术措施;生产建设项目水土保持方案智慧管理,水土流失风险评价与智能预警,建立绿色设计绿色施工标准,探索视频监控与跟踪管理;加强山水林田湖草沙系统治理技术支撑,以生态清洁小流域促进乡村振兴与共同富裕,探索水土流失治理中生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性提升技术,推进水土流失科学治理智慧指导与智能管理;加快水土保持碳汇研究与市场交易,建立水土保持生态损害价值评估体系,深化水土流失测报与动态监测等基础研究。以创新理论、技术、机制的新探索,全面提升水土保持治理体系和治理能力现代化水平,服务高质量发展。