Regulations governing clinical application of human organ transplant in China

To regulate human organ transplant, guarantee the quality and safety of the operation, protect the health of the people, the Health Ministry of China issued Regulations governing Clinical Application of Human Organ Transplant on March 27, 2006, which is to be put into effect on the coming July 1. The regulations contain 5 chapters and 47 articles including general principles, registration of diagnosis and treatment, clinical management, supervision, and supplementary items.

Polymorphism of Human Organic Cationic Transporter1 (C480G) in Egyptian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients on Imatinib

Background: Human organic cationic transporter1 (Hoct1) is a plasma membrane transporter responsible for the main influx of Imatinib into chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene coding for hOCT1 are important factors causing Imatinib resistance. We investigated the frequency of hOCT1 SNP C480G among Egyptian CML patients and its relation to early molecular response as an indicator of treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: Two groups of CML patients were included in this study. Group I consisted of 25 patients responding to Imatinib treatment (Imatinib responsive) and group II consisted of 25 patients resistant to Imatinib (Imatinib resistant). Response criteria were assessed according to the NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines 2017. Twenty healthy controls of matched age and sex were also included (group III). For all patients, we studied hOCT1 C480G at initial presentation using Taqman drug metabolism genotyping as well as BCR-ABL percent at diagnosis and after 3 months interval. Results: hOCT1 C480G was present in 32% of studied CML patients. CC (wild) was detected in 68% of group I and 64% of group II. CG (mutant heterozygous) was present in 28% of group I and 36% of group II while GG (mutant homozygous) was detected in only one case in group I. CG was also detected in 15% of control subjects There was no significant difference between hOCT1 C480G polymorphism and Early Molecular Response (χ2 = 0.089, p = 0.765). Conclusions: hOCT1 C480G polymorphism has no association with Imatinib resistance in Egyptian population. However, further studies on a larger number of patients are still needed to confirm this finding.

Organic carbon isotope and pollen evidence for mangrove development and response to human activity in Guangxi(Southwest China) over the last 140 years

Mangrove degradation must reduce carbon sequestration in recent years, thereby aggravating global warming.Thus, short-term impacts of human activity on mangrove ecosystems are cause for concern from local governments and scientists. Mangroves sediments can provide detailed records of mangrove species variation in the last one hundred years, based on detailed 210 Pb data. The study traced the history of mangrove development and its response to environmental change over the last 140 years in two mangrove swamps of Guangxi, Southwest China. Average sedimentation rates were calculated to be 0.48 cm/a and 0.56 cm/a in the Yingluo Bay and the Maowei Sea, respectively. Chemical indicators（δ13Corg and C：N） were utilized to trace the contribution of mangrove-derived organic matter（MOM） using a ternary mixing model. Simultaneous use of mangrove pollen can help to supplement some of these limitations in diagenetic/overlap of isotopic signatures. We found that vertical distribution of MOM was consistent with mangrove pollen, which could provide similar information for tracing mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, mangrove development was reconstructed and divided into three stages： flourishing, degradation and re-flourishing/re-degradation period. The significant degradation, found in the period of 1968–1998 and 1907–2007 in the Yingluo Bay and the Maowei Sea, respectively, corresponding to a rapid increase of reclamation area and seawall length, rather than climate change as recorded in the region.

Combined fluorescence and electrochemical investigation on the binding interaction between organic acid and human serum albumin

Human serum albumin （HSA） is a plasma protein responsible for the binding and transport of fatty acids and a variety of exogenous chemicals such as drugs and environmental pollutants. Such binding plays a crucial role in determining the ADME （absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion） and bioavailability of the pollutants. The binding interaction between HSA and acetic acid （C2）, octanoic acid （C8） and dodecanoic acid （C12） has been investigated by the combination of site-specific fluorescent probe, tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence and tyrosine electrochemistry. For the study of the fatty acid interaction with the two drug-binding sites on HSA, two fluorescent probes, dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline were employed in the displacement measurements. Intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan in HSA was monitored upon addition of the fatty acids into HSA. Electrocatalyzed response of the tyrosine residues in HSA by a redox mediator was used to investigate the binding interaction. Qualitatively, observations from these three approaches were very similar. HSA did not show any change in the fluorescence and electrochemical experiments after mixing with C2, suggesting there is no significant interaction with the short-chain fatty acid. For C8, the measured signal dropped in a single-exponential mode, indicating an independent and non-cooperative binding. The calculated association constant and binding ratio were 3.1 × 10^6 L/mol and 1 with drug binding Site Ⅰ, 1.1 × 107 L/mol and 1 with Site Ⅱ, and 7.0× 0^4 L/mol and 4 with the tryptophan site, respectively. The measurements with C12 displayed multiple phases of fluorescence change, suggesting cooperativity and allosteric effect of the C12 binding. These results correlate well with those obtained by the established methods, and validate the new approach as a viable tool to study the interactions of environmental pollutants with biological molecules.

Human Rights Organizations in Transition Countries

The paper examines the challenges faced by the human rights organizations in the Arab region. It will focus on those challenges resulting from the radical changes that happened since 2011. It will also look into the prospective role of the human rights organizations in the future phases of the political transition.

THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF HUMAN FETAL ORGAN TISSUES AT RADIO AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCISE

ＴＨＥＤＩＥＬＥＣＴＲＩＣＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＨＵＭＡＮＦＥＴＡＬＯＲＧＡＮＴＩＳＳＵＥＳＡＴＲＡＤＩＯＡＮＤＭＩＣＲＯＷＡＶＥＦＲＥＱＵＥＮＣＩＳＥＴＨＥＤＩＥＬＥＣＴＲＩＣＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＨＵＭＡＮＦＥＴＡＬＯＲＧＡＮＴＩＳＳＵＥＳＡ...

DISTRIBUTION OF SOME ELEMENTS IN HUMAN HAIR AND ORGANS DETERMINED BY NAA

Twenty four male autopsies were obtained from Shanghai. The samples of liver, lung, kidney cortex, brain and scalp hair were collected from the autopsies. The elements As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, 8, Se and Zn were determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The present study provides the elemental levels of different tissues for normal male adults. The distribution pattern of elements was discussed. Great difference on distribution of some elements in different tissues was observed.

The Role of Human Rights Organizations in China: CSHRS' Case

In China, there are many human rights organizations, because of their focuses and priorities related to human rights. China Society for Human Rights Studies(CSHRS) is the largest of them, which focuses on human rights research, popularizing and international exchanges. This paper takes CSHRS as an example to show the role of the human rights organizations play in China. From the practice of CSHRS, we can see the human rights organizations in China play a kind of constructive role through involving in very broad fields and engaging in the various activities of human rights protection. Their works include participating in drafting the National Human Rights Action Plans, giving constructive suggestions, working in human rights education, engaging in international exchanges and cooperation, taking part in the work of UPR, raising fund and implementing projects, and so on. They are trying hard to contribute to improve human rights situation in China.

Human Health Risk Assessment Model of Organic Pollution in Groundwater:Shijiazhuang Industrial Zone

In this study, a risk-based management model is developed and applied to an industrial zone. The models proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Han Bing have been improved by adding a residual ratio of volatile organic compounds （VOC） after boiling and deleting the related parameters in half-life. Using this improved model, an integrated process was used to assess human health risk level in the study area. Compared with water quality analysis, the results highlight the importance of applying an integrated approach for decision making on risk levels and water protection. The results of this study demonstrated that： （1） Compared with these permissible level standards in China （GB 3838-2002） and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations of the United States, the residents＇ daily life had not been affected by the groundwater in this area （except for relative bad water quality of HB3-4 and HB3-6）; （2） The typical detected organic contaminants of all groundwater samples were chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethene, and the pollution sources were mainly industrial sources by preliminary investigations; （3） As for groundwater, the non-carcinogenic risk values of all samples do not exceed the permissible level of 1.0 and the carcinogenic risk values are relatively lower than the permissible level of 1.00E-06 to 1.00E-04; （4） Drinking water pathway of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene mainly contribute to increasing the health risk of residents＇ in study areas; （5） In terms of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, the health risk order for drinking water pathway and dermal contact pathway was： drinking water pathway 〉 dermal contact pathway.

How China’s Procuratorial Organs Protect Human Rights

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Following is a transcript of an interview by the Human Rights magazine with Jing Dali, chief procurator of the Hubei Provincial People＇s Procuratorate. Jing talked about how China＇s procuratorial work protects human rights in his province and what will be done to improve it.

China Society for Human Rights Studies Organizes Forum to Study and Implement Guidelines of 3rd Plenum of 18th CPC Central Committee

The China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS） organized on Nov. 28 a forum to study and implement the guidelines of the third plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC）. Executive members of CSHRS and other CSHRS members in Beijing discussed improvement of judicial protection for human rights and legal construction in China. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who was vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference, delivered a speech at the forum.

权力、资本和地方:传统村落人居环境有机更新的机制与路径研究

传统村落人居环境有机更新是增进村民福祉、延续传统文化的重要抓手,是实现乡村振兴战略和共同富裕目标的路径选择之一。基于有机更新理论,采用“权力—资本—地方”三元辩证视角分析,构建了“搭建有机更新共同体的网络体系—形成多元主体协同共建的互动机制—提出有机更新共同体的行动路径”的分析框架,以湖南省岳阳县张谷英村为例,对张谷英村人居环境有机更新进行机制探索和路径选择。研究发现:1)传统村落人居环境有机更新是指政府、企业和村民三大更新主体,为实现有机秩序修复和传统功能转型两大更新目标,通过精准判定、精准修复和精准施策的更新方式提供多元保障的过程。2)张谷英村人居环境更新经过4个阶段的实践演进,最终在多元主体协同共建模式下成功搭建有机更新共同体网络体系。张谷英村政府强化权力规制机制、企业落实资本投入机制、村民践行地方参与机制,共同构成了张谷英村“构建有机更新网络、培育有机更新信任和形成有机更新规范”的三维互动机制。3)基于三维互动机制,针对张谷英村管理失衡、收益失策和权益失位的现实阻滞,提出了规划制定和监管强化、责任共担和收益共享、意识强化和行为规范的行动路径。研究从多元主体视角对传统村落人居环境有机更新研究进行补充,对张谷英村的保护和发展具有一定的实践指导意义。

数字协同视角下LAM机构开展数字人文项目的协调机制研究

以数字协同为视角,聚焦图书馆、档案馆、博物馆(LAM)机构开展数字人文项目的协调机制,围绕利益协调、过程协调、文化协调、制度协调4个关键维度进行系统梳理,并探索切实可行的实施路径,以突破当前LAM机构在数字人文项目中的困境,实现资源整合与协同创新。具体而言,要先明确各维度的内涵与重要性,继而深入探讨其在组织管理、资源建设、平台搭建、能力提升及文化塑造等方面的具体应用,以充实协同创新理论体系,为LAM机构的服务转型与能力再造提供有效指导,同时为学术界和相关业界在数字人文领域的发展提供有价值的参考依据。

数字人文视域下馆藏清代土尔扈特档案文献可视化开发

清乾隆年间,土尔扈特部回归祖国事件形成的档案文献是中华民族共同体演进发展的档案佐证。数字人文环境下,对其档案进行可视化开发,可深入挖掘档案文本中的民族交往交流交融价值,提升档案馆知识服务效能,满足多元利用需求。据此,在阐释土尔扈特档案文献内涵外延、资源特征及其可视化开发理论与价值的基础上,提出以项目实施为依托的“多元共建共享”土尔扈特档案文献可视化开发方案。从档案的数据化整合、语义化处理与可视化服务等流程建构可视化开发路径,对于发掘土尔扈特档案文献中蕴含的爱国主义精神、维护新疆民族地区稳定发展,铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要现实意义。

以科研团队建设推动高校文科有组织科研的逻辑与进路

文科科研团队是新时代高校构建中国特色哲学社会科学知识体系和推进有组织科研的重要抓手,但目前高校文科科研团队建设存在对其重要性认识不足、团队构成不合理且不稳定、团队规章制度不完善、忽视团队精神文化建设等问题。新时代高校文科科研团队建设需要从文科科研规律和我国文科科研实际出发,围绕提高认识、加强顶层设计、以实质性合作为目标、重视青年科研团队建设、以质量和贡献为导向、营造自由宽松的团队发展环境和氛围,推动文科科研团队建设开创新局面。

HIV阳性实体器官移植受者的免疫抑制药物管理

联合抗逆转录病毒治疗(cART)的应用显著提高了人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者的预期寿命。但病毒感染和cART药物的不良反应使患者更容易发生器官衰竭。针对HIV感染者的终末期器官衰竭患者,实体器官移植成为一种标准的治疗方案。然而,在HIV阳性实体器官移植受者中,存在移植物排斥反应发生增多、感染风险升高、药物毒性以及cART治疗和免疫抑制药之间的药物相互作用等诸多问题,管理HIV阳性实体器官移植受者具有极大的挑战性。因此,本文就免疫诱导治疗、钙调磷酸酶抑制剂、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白抑制剂及其他免疫抑制药在HIV阳性实体器官移植受者中的应用进行综述,旨在为未来HIV阳性实体器官移植受者的免疫抑制管理提供参考。

数字人文视域下中国古代农耕图像知识组织研究

基于农耕图像历史及文化价值深度挖掘的目标,文章探讨了数字时代农耕图像知识组织的建设现状、特征、原型系统、存在问题与应用前景,为提出数字人文视角下农耕图像研究的新范式提供参考。通过文献调研法和案例分析法,本文梳理了国内外典型的图像资源组织案例,结合农耕图像特征,提出一种面向农耕图像资源知识组织的4层架构原型系统。该框架揭示了中国古代农耕图像的资源加工层、图像标注层、数据关联层、应用服务层的实现路径。同时,本文还提出农耕图像资源知识组织待解决的关键问题,并对其应用价值进行展望,以期为相关文化遗产和数字人文项目提供参考与借鉴。

差异性均衡:高职院校教育科研的目标取向与改革进路——对2018—2023年教育部人文社科教育学类项目的分析

对2018—2023年教育部人文社科教育学类立项项目进行统计分析后发现,高职院校教育学类科研项目的立项存在“均衡的缺失”这一明显问题。“差异性均衡”体现了均衡过程中的高质量、动态性、特色化、多维度内涵特征,契合高职院校教育科研高质量发展的要求,是高职院校教育科研发展的目标取向。推动高职院校教育科研走向差异性均衡,需要加大科研政策的支持保障,完善院校科研的运行机制,彰显学校及区域的特色优势,深化职业教育运行本质的理论研究,实施有引导、有组织、有特色、重理论的教育科研,最终推动高职院校教育科研高质量发展目标的实现。

肝器官芯片在生物医学研究中的应用进展

肝脏具有复杂结构和多种功能,包括血糖调控、蛋白合成、解毒和药物代谢等,在维持人体正常生理活动中起着重要作用。传统的二维细胞培养和动物模型已被广泛用于肝脏生理或疾病研究,但它们在反映人体组织真实微环境和对药物反应等方面仍存在一定局限。因此,建立高仿真度肝脏体外模型对于肝病研究、药效与毒性评价至关重要。本文概述了传统肝脏体外模型在实现近生理复杂微环境模拟、肝组织特异性功能准确复现等方面的局限性,总结了以器官芯片为代表的新型肝脏体外模型的设计策略、技术特点及其在生物医学领域的研究进展。文中重点介绍了肝器官芯片仿生构筑和实现肝组织微环境模拟的关键要素,包括多细胞组分、肝窦/肝小叶结构、生化因子梯度和流体因素等,并对未来结合其他先进手段(如类器官、生物材料和基因编辑等)等,建立高度生理相关性的肝器官芯片和微生理系统的发展前景予以展望。

渤海渔业生物重金属污染及风险评价

重金属污染是渤海长期面临的环境问题之一,同时对渤海海产品安全和人体健康构成潜在风险。为了解渤海海域鱼类重金属污染状况,在该海域采集的渔业生物中随机选取了10种144条鱼类样本,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了鱼类肌肉组织中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr和As的含量;采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和金属污染指数法评价了单一重金属和综合重金属污染情况;采用每日摄入量和目标危害系数评估了渤海鱼类重金属污染对人体的食用安全风险。研究结果显示,渤海鱼类肌肉中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr和As的平均含量分别为(0.702±0.680)、(9.697±5.279)、(0.035±0.059)、(0.029±0.035)、(0.093±0.091)和(0.959±0.813)mg/kg。与我国其他海域相比,渤海鱼类重金属含量处于较高水平。鱼类重金属污染评价结果显示,Cd和无机As(iAs)为渤海鱼类重金属污染的主要元素,细纹狮子鱼(Liparistanakae)受到重金属综合污染的程度最大。食用风险评估结果表明,摄食渤海鱼类带来的重金属每日摄入量处于较低水平,所有鱼类样本单一重金属和综合重金属目标危害系数值均<1,表明正常摄食渤海鱼类不会对消费者构成健康风险。本研究结果有助于加深理解渤海渔业生物的重金属污染状况,同时为保障渤海水产品的食用安全提供科学依据。