In the past two decades,pain perception in the human brain has been studied with EEG/MEG brain topography and PET/fMRI neuroimaging techniques.A host of cortical and subcortical loci can be activated by various nocice...In the past two decades,pain perception in the human brain has been studied with EEG/MEG brain topography and PET/fMRI neuroimaging techniques.A host of cortical and subcortical loci can be activated by various nociceptive conditions.The activation in pain perception can be induced by physical(electrical,thermal,mechanical),chemical(capsacin,ascoric acid),psychological(anxiety,stress,nocebo) means,and pathological(e.g.migraine,neuropathic) diseases.This article deals mainly on the activation,but not modulation,of human pain in the brain.The brain areas identified are named pain representation,matrix,neuraxis,or signature.The sites are not uniformly isolated across various studies,but largely include a set of cores sites:thalamus and primary somatic area(SI),second somatic area(SII),insular cortex(IC),prefrontal cortex(PFC),cingulate,and parietal cortices.Other areas less reported and considered important in pain perception include brainstem,hippocampus,amygdala and supplementary motor area(SMA).The issues of pain perception basically encompass both the site and the mode of brain function.Although the site issue is delineared to a large degree,the mode issue has been much less explored.From the temporal dynamics,IC can be considered as the initial stage in genesis of pain perception as conscious suffering,the unique aversion in the human brain.展开更多
Previous studies report that the ingestion of highly concentrated sweet solutions produces a morphine-like analgesia in rats, human infants, and in adult males. To determine whether sweet-induced analgesia occurs with...Previous studies report that the ingestion of highly concentrated sweet solutions produces a morphine-like analgesia in rats, human infants, and in adult males. To determine whether sweet-induced analgesia occurs with more commonly consumed substances, 30 adult males (Mage = 22.4 years) were exposed to a cold pressor test and pain responsivity was assessed both before and after consuming either an 8% sucrose solution, water, or nothing. Between-groups comparisons revealed that relative to the Sucrose or Nothing groups, the Water group showed increased pain tolerance. Neither pain thresholds nor ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness on a visual analogue scale differed among groups. The results support previous findings in both humans and animals that the palatability or hedonic value of food or drink may be the key predictor of its analgesic effect.展开更多
It is well known that the taste of sweet solutions produces a morphine-like analgesia in both rats and human infants, and under certain conditions, possibly in human adults. To further explore whether ingestion analge...It is well known that the taste of sweet solutions produces a morphine-like analgesia in both rats and human infants, and under certain conditions, possibly in human adults. To further explore whether ingestion analgesia persists into human adulthood, the present study was the first to utilize contact heat, a method of pain induction used commonly in both behavioural and pharmacological studies with laboratory animals. Left arms of 120 university undergraduates were exposed to a hot-plate, with pain responsivity assessed both before and after consuming either nothing (control group), or foods that they rated previously as unpalatable (e.g., black olives), neutral (e.g., rice cakes), or palatable (e.g., chocolate-chip cookies). Pain responsivity was assessed with four pain measures: pain threshold, pain tolerance, and visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness. Between-groups comparisons in 2 separate experiments revealed that women (but not men) who consumed a palatable food showed increased pain tolerance, relative to the nothing, unpalatable, or neutral groups. Collectively, these data support our previous findings that “palatability-induced analgesia” exists in human adults, at least in females. Moreover, the findings support contact heat as a suitable method for assessing ingestion analgesia to experimental pain with human adults.展开更多
Objective: Individual differences in the sensitivity to pain and the factors that may contribute to these differences are well studied. Nevertheless, there is no single test that can reliably classify subjects as bein...Objective: Individual differences in the sensitivity to pain and the factors that may contribute to these differences are well studied. Nevertheless, there is no single test that can reliably classify subjects as being sensitive or insensitive to pain. Methods: In the present study, hierarchical clustering and K-means cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups among 191 healthy subjects (105 females, 86 males) according to their sensitivity to pain. Group determination was based on the subjects’ response to experimental noxious stimuli of heat (pain intensity), cold (cold pain threshold, tolerance, and intensity), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM, tested by co-administering repeated short painful heat stimuli and a conditioning tonic cold pain stimulation). In addition, in order to determine if the subjects in these subgroups differed on personality traits scores on Cloninger’s Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ, outcome measure) for the three dimensions of personality: Novelty Seeking (NS);Harm Avoidance (HA);and Reward Dependence (RD) were calculated. Results: Based on pain scores, subjects were grouped as low pain (57%) with a low level of sensitivity in pain parameters, or high pain (43%) cluster members. The high pain had significant higher scores of HA (p = 0.05) and RD (p = 0.05) than the low pain group. Conclusions: This method of sub-grouping may be useful for identifying the mechanisms underlying individual variability in the sensitivity to pain and may point to groups at risk for experiencing high levels of clinical pain.展开更多
Objective: Understanding the perception of women who have recently given birth in a Brazilian hospital regarding labor pain and nursing involvement in the labor process. Methodology: exploratory, descriptive and quali...Objective: Understanding the perception of women who have recently given birth in a Brazilian hospital regarding labor pain and nursing involvement in the labor process. Methodology: exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study carried out in a Maternity part of the supplementary health system in the Federal District (DF). Data were collected between May and July 2015 through interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 16 mothers and data analysis followed Bardin methodology in three phases. Results: The pain experienced during labor is surrounded by feelings and expectations. Both positive and negative feelings experienced by mothers were identified in the interviews and unanimous opinion was the fact that the second stage is the most painful period as continuous pain is experienced. Some of the participants compared pain with strong menstrual cramps, renal colic and back pain;others, said labor pain was the strongest ever experienced. The immediate contact with the newborn was referred to as a reward for coping with breast pain and suffering. Other factors such as the importance of follow-up, support and coping with the pain and care provided by health staff were also highlighted. Conclusion: empowerment of the mother and family through knowledge is considered an important tool to fight pain and cope with the birth process in a positive and physiological way, which in the long run promotes a cultural change in the population regarding the importance of vaginal birth.展开更多
目的:探讨重组人表皮生长因子(rh-EGF)外用溶液治疗放射性口腔黏膜炎(RIOM)的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年3月89例接受放疗并出现RIOM的头颈部肿瘤患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为对照组(n=44)和研究组(n=45)。对照组接受地...目的:探讨重组人表皮生长因子(rh-EGF)外用溶液治疗放射性口腔黏膜炎(RIOM)的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年3月89例接受放疗并出现RIOM的头颈部肿瘤患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为对照组(n=44)和研究组(n=45)。对照组接受地塞米松+庆大霉素+利多卡因稀释液漱口,研究组在对照组治疗基础上加用rh-EGF治疗。采用数字评价量表(numerical rating scale,NRS)和成人癌症生存者生命质量量表(quality of life in adult cancer survivors,QLACS)评估两组口腔疼痛程度与生活质量。比较两组疗效、口腔疼痛及生活质量的差异。结果:研究组近期总有效率为95.56%(43/45),而对照组仅77.27%(34/44),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.299,P=0.026)。两组治疗前NRS、QLACS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组治疗后NRS、QLACS评分均低于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:RIOM患者采用重组人表皮生长因子治疗,可以有效缓解疼痛,提高治疗效果,提高生活质量,值得推广应用。展开更多
A 19-year-old Japanese woman was referred to us with the complaints of arthralgia and meralgia following human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. She received HPV vaccination at the age of 15 years and three years late...A 19-year-old Japanese woman was referred to us with the complaints of arthralgia and meralgia following human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. She received HPV vaccination at the age of 15 years and three years later, she developed intermittent arthralgia, meralgia, and numbness in limbs. There were no orthostatic dysregulation symptoms. She had hypertelorism, and brachydactyly in both the hands, and revealed mild cubitus varus deformity with lateral instability. X-ray examination disclosed hypoplasia of the humeral capitellum and trochlea in elbow joints. G-banded chromosomes were shown to be composed of 48, XXXX. She was, therefore, diagnosed with XXXX syndrome, which explained the reason for her limb symptoms. Although some girls with HPV vaccination complain of various symptoms including limb pain and numbness, exact underlying cause of these symptoms needs to be ascertained carefully for reaching a final diagnosis.展开更多
目的:探讨人性化护理结合亲情干预对小儿疝气手术患儿疼痛、睡眠质量及并发症的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年12月福建省厦门市妇幼保健院小儿外科手术治疗的小儿疝气患儿68例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每...目的:探讨人性化护理结合亲情干预对小儿疝气手术患儿疼痛、睡眠质量及并发症的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年12月福建省厦门市妇幼保健院小儿外科手术治疗的小儿疝气患儿68例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组34例。对照组患儿根据手术和疾病治疗需求实施常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上加用人性化护理结合亲情干预,比较2组患儿术后疼痛、睡眠质量和并发症发生情况。结果:观察组术后12、24、48、72 h Wong-Baker疼痛评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后当天及术后第2、3、4 d阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:人性化护理结合亲情干预可有效改善患儿术后睡眠质量,并可减轻术后疼痛,降低并发症风险,有助于患儿术后顺利康复,应用于疝气手术患儿安全可靠,应用价值较高。展开更多
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30770691)Beijing Municipal Government for Advancement of Sciences and Capital Medical University for Innovation Awards
文摘In the past two decades,pain perception in the human brain has been studied with EEG/MEG brain topography and PET/fMRI neuroimaging techniques.A host of cortical and subcortical loci can be activated by various nociceptive conditions.The activation in pain perception can be induced by physical(electrical,thermal,mechanical),chemical(capsacin,ascoric acid),psychological(anxiety,stress,nocebo) means,and pathological(e.g.migraine,neuropathic) diseases.This article deals mainly on the activation,but not modulation,of human pain in the brain.The brain areas identified are named pain representation,matrix,neuraxis,or signature.The sites are not uniformly isolated across various studies,but largely include a set of cores sites:thalamus and primary somatic area(SI),second somatic area(SII),insular cortex(IC),prefrontal cortex(PFC),cingulate,and parietal cortices.Other areas less reported and considered important in pain perception include brainstem,hippocampus,amygdala and supplementary motor area(SMA).The issues of pain perception basically encompass both the site and the mode of brain function.Although the site issue is delineared to a large degree,the mode issue has been much less explored.From the temporal dynamics,IC can be considered as the initial stage in genesis of pain perception as conscious suffering,the unique aversion in the human brain.
文摘Previous studies report that the ingestion of highly concentrated sweet solutions produces a morphine-like analgesia in rats, human infants, and in adult males. To determine whether sweet-induced analgesia occurs with more commonly consumed substances, 30 adult males (Mage = 22.4 years) were exposed to a cold pressor test and pain responsivity was assessed both before and after consuming either an 8% sucrose solution, water, or nothing. Between-groups comparisons revealed that relative to the Sucrose or Nothing groups, the Water group showed increased pain tolerance. Neither pain thresholds nor ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness on a visual analogue scale differed among groups. The results support previous findings in both humans and animals that the palatability or hedonic value of food or drink may be the key predictor of its analgesic effect.
文摘It is well known that the taste of sweet solutions produces a morphine-like analgesia in both rats and human infants, and under certain conditions, possibly in human adults. To further explore whether ingestion analgesia persists into human adulthood, the present study was the first to utilize contact heat, a method of pain induction used commonly in both behavioural and pharmacological studies with laboratory animals. Left arms of 120 university undergraduates were exposed to a hot-plate, with pain responsivity assessed both before and after consuming either nothing (control group), or foods that they rated previously as unpalatable (e.g., black olives), neutral (e.g., rice cakes), or palatable (e.g., chocolate-chip cookies). Pain responsivity was assessed with four pain measures: pain threshold, pain tolerance, and visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness. Between-groups comparisons in 2 separate experiments revealed that women (but not men) who consumed a palatable food showed increased pain tolerance, relative to the nothing, unpalatable, or neutral groups. Collectively, these data support our previous findings that “palatability-induced analgesia” exists in human adults, at least in females. Moreover, the findings support contact heat as a suitable method for assessing ingestion analgesia to experimental pain with human adults.
文摘Objective: Individual differences in the sensitivity to pain and the factors that may contribute to these differences are well studied. Nevertheless, there is no single test that can reliably classify subjects as being sensitive or insensitive to pain. Methods: In the present study, hierarchical clustering and K-means cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups among 191 healthy subjects (105 females, 86 males) according to their sensitivity to pain. Group determination was based on the subjects’ response to experimental noxious stimuli of heat (pain intensity), cold (cold pain threshold, tolerance, and intensity), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM, tested by co-administering repeated short painful heat stimuli and a conditioning tonic cold pain stimulation). In addition, in order to determine if the subjects in these subgroups differed on personality traits scores on Cloninger’s Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ, outcome measure) for the three dimensions of personality: Novelty Seeking (NS);Harm Avoidance (HA);and Reward Dependence (RD) were calculated. Results: Based on pain scores, subjects were grouped as low pain (57%) with a low level of sensitivity in pain parameters, or high pain (43%) cluster members. The high pain had significant higher scores of HA (p = 0.05) and RD (p = 0.05) than the low pain group. Conclusions: This method of sub-grouping may be useful for identifying the mechanisms underlying individual variability in the sensitivity to pain and may point to groups at risk for experiencing high levels of clinical pain.
文摘Objective: Understanding the perception of women who have recently given birth in a Brazilian hospital regarding labor pain and nursing involvement in the labor process. Methodology: exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study carried out in a Maternity part of the supplementary health system in the Federal District (DF). Data were collected between May and July 2015 through interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 16 mothers and data analysis followed Bardin methodology in three phases. Results: The pain experienced during labor is surrounded by feelings and expectations. Both positive and negative feelings experienced by mothers were identified in the interviews and unanimous opinion was the fact that the second stage is the most painful period as continuous pain is experienced. Some of the participants compared pain with strong menstrual cramps, renal colic and back pain;others, said labor pain was the strongest ever experienced. The immediate contact with the newborn was referred to as a reward for coping with breast pain and suffering. Other factors such as the importance of follow-up, support and coping with the pain and care provided by health staff were also highlighted. Conclusion: empowerment of the mother and family through knowledge is considered an important tool to fight pain and cope with the birth process in a positive and physiological way, which in the long run promotes a cultural change in the population regarding the importance of vaginal birth.
文摘目的:探讨重组人表皮生长因子(rh-EGF)外用溶液治疗放射性口腔黏膜炎(RIOM)的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年3月89例接受放疗并出现RIOM的头颈部肿瘤患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为对照组(n=44)和研究组(n=45)。对照组接受地塞米松+庆大霉素+利多卡因稀释液漱口,研究组在对照组治疗基础上加用rh-EGF治疗。采用数字评价量表(numerical rating scale,NRS)和成人癌症生存者生命质量量表(quality of life in adult cancer survivors,QLACS)评估两组口腔疼痛程度与生活质量。比较两组疗效、口腔疼痛及生活质量的差异。结果:研究组近期总有效率为95.56%(43/45),而对照组仅77.27%(34/44),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.299,P=0.026)。两组治疗前NRS、QLACS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组治疗后NRS、QLACS评分均低于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:RIOM患者采用重组人表皮生长因子治疗,可以有效缓解疼痛,提高治疗效果,提高生活质量,值得推广应用。
文摘A 19-year-old Japanese woman was referred to us with the complaints of arthralgia and meralgia following human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. She received HPV vaccination at the age of 15 years and three years later, she developed intermittent arthralgia, meralgia, and numbness in limbs. There were no orthostatic dysregulation symptoms. She had hypertelorism, and brachydactyly in both the hands, and revealed mild cubitus varus deformity with lateral instability. X-ray examination disclosed hypoplasia of the humeral capitellum and trochlea in elbow joints. G-banded chromosomes were shown to be composed of 48, XXXX. She was, therefore, diagnosed with XXXX syndrome, which explained the reason for her limb symptoms. Although some girls with HPV vaccination complain of various symptoms including limb pain and numbness, exact underlying cause of these symptoms needs to be ascertained carefully for reaching a final diagnosis.
文摘目的:探讨人性化护理结合亲情干预对小儿疝气手术患儿疼痛、睡眠质量及并发症的影响。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年12月福建省厦门市妇幼保健院小儿外科手术治疗的小儿疝气患儿68例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组34例。对照组患儿根据手术和疾病治疗需求实施常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上加用人性化护理结合亲情干预,比较2组患儿术后疼痛、睡眠质量和并发症发生情况。结果:观察组术后12、24、48、72 h Wong-Baker疼痛评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后当天及术后第2、3、4 d阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:人性化护理结合亲情干预可有效改善患儿术后睡眠质量,并可减轻术后疼痛,降低并发症风险,有助于患儿术后顺利康复,应用于疝气手术患儿安全可靠,应用价值较高。
