In order to provide the experimental basis for the further studies on the oncogenic mechanism of the E6 protein from human papillomavirus type 16 （HPV16）, the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 （-）/E6 was used ...In order to provide the experimental basis for the further studies on the oncogenic mechanism of the E6 protein from human papillomavirus type 16 （HPV16）, the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 （-）/E6 was used for the study on the effect of E6 protein to influence the secretory activity of LPS-induced 3MP-1-macrophages, and the reconstructed plasmid pcDNA3.1 （-）/E6 was transfected into THP-1-macrophages. The expression of E6 gene was assayed in macrophage lysates by using Western blot analysis and the level of TNF-α or IL-1β was examined by ELISA. All of data were analyzed by SPSS12.0. As demonstrated by Western blot analysis, the expression of E6 protein with a molecular weight of about 18 kDa by plasmid pcDNA3.1 （-）/E6 in THP-1-macrophages could be detected. However, as demonstrated by ELISA assay, the level of TNF-α or IL-1β in lysates of THP-1-macrophages showed an obvious difference between the pcDNA3.1 （-）/E6 group and the LPS control group or the pcDNA3.1 （-） control group （P 〈 0.01）, but no significant difference existed between pcDNA3.1 （-） control group and LPS control group （ P 〉 0.05）. All these results illustrate that the transient over-expression of HPV6 E6 protein reduces the production of TNF-α and IL-1β induced by LPS in THP-1-macrophages.展开更多
Objective To explore the effects of Sterigmatocystin (ST), Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) on apoptosis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) in vitro and thus to further elucidate the putative r...Objective To explore the effects of Sterigmatocystin (ST), Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) on apoptosis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) in vitro and thus to further elucidate the putative roles of these three mycotoxins on human immunosystem. Methods The effects of ST, DON and AFG1 on apoptosis of HPBLs were studied with cell culture, flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. Results DNA agarose gel electrophoresis results showed the characteristic 'ladder' pattern of apoptosis in HPBLs treated with ST, DON and AFG1. Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that typical subdiploid peaks of apoptosis in DNA histogram could be seen in all groups treated with the three mycotoxins. Significant time-effect and dose-effect relationships were found between the apoptosis rates and treatment time as well as concentrations of the three mycotoxins. Conclusion ST, DON and AFG1 can induce apoptosis of HPBLs in vitro and may have some negative effects on human immunosystem.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the overexpression of cyclin G1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN） and cervical carcinoma, and the correlation between cyclin G1 and high-risk human papilloma virus （HPV） infection. ...Objective To evaluate the overexpression of cyclin G1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN） and cervical carcinoma, and the correlation between cyclin G1 and high-risk human papilloma virus （HPV） infection. Methods All of the specimens were obtained from the Department of Pathology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2000 to August 2004. We detected the expression of cyclin G1 with immunohistochemistry, HPV16/18 infection with in situ hybridization, and high-risk HPV infection with Hybrid capture system Ⅱ （HC-Ⅱ） in normal group （25 cases）, CIN Ⅰ （48 cases）, CIN Ⅱ （56 cases）, CIN Ⅲ（54 cases）, and invasive cervical squamous-cell carcinoma （SCC, 31 cases）. Results The positive rates of cyclin G1 expression in CIN（77.85% ）and SCC cervical tissues （87. 10% ） were significantly higher than normal （ 8.00%, P 〈 0. 01 ）, and the intensities of cyclin G1 expression in CIN（40. 60% ） and SCC cervical tissues （61.51%） were significantly higher than normal （2. 72%, P 〈0.05）. The positive rates and intensities of cyclin G1 expression increased gradually with the grade of cervical lesions. High-risk HPV infection rates were higher in CIN and SCC than normal groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. There was a positive correlation between cyclin G1 expression and high-risk HPV infection detected with HC-Ⅱ （Kendall＇s tau-b =0. 316, 0. 269, 0. 352, and 0. 474 in CIN Ⅰ, CIN Ⅱ, CIN Ⅲ, and SCC, respectively, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Cyclin G1 is overexpressed in CIN and SCC. Cyclin G1 may be a biomarker for detecting CIN and SCC. Cyclin G1 may play an important role in the oncogenesis of CIN and SCC by high-risk HPV infection.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Notch1 signaling has been implicated intumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate theputative role of the Notch1 receptor in carcinogenesis and in theprogression of the cervical cancer. Sinc...OBJECTIVE Notch1 signaling has been implicated intumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate theputative role of the Notch1 receptor in carcinogenesis and in theprogression of the cervical cancer. Since human papillomavirus(HPV) is a causative agent in cervical carcinoma, the interactionbetween Notch1 and HPV infection was examined.METHODS Forty cervical cancer samples and 30 normalcervical tissue specimens were examined using Western blot andRT-PCR to detect Notch1 protein and mRNA levels. HPV16 DNAwas examined in all samples using PCR.RESULTS The level of Notch1 protein expression wassignificantly lower in cervical cancer tissue than in normal tissue.Levels of Notch1 mRNA were found to be substantially downregulatedin cancer tissue. Notch1 protein expression levelswere significantly higher in carcinomas without HPV DNAthan that in carcinomas with HPV infection (55.5% vs. 3.3%, P <0.05). Down-modulation of Notch1 mRNA levels in carcinomawas demonstrated to be associated with HPVE6 transcription.Moreover, levels of Notch1 expression were shown to besignificantly higher in early stage disease than in advanced stagedisease (P = 0.001).CONCLUSION Down-modulation of Notch1 expressionprobably plays an important role in the late stages of HPVinducedcervical cancer.展开更多
Background: Human organic cationic transporter1 (Hoct1) is a plasma membrane transporter responsible for the main influx of Imatinib into chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in...Background: Human organic cationic transporter1 (Hoct1) is a plasma membrane transporter responsible for the main influx of Imatinib into chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene coding for hOCT1 are important factors causing Imatinib resistance. We investigated the frequency of hOCT1 SNP C480G among Egyptian CML patients and its relation to early molecular response as an indicator of treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: Two groups of CML patients were included in this study. Group I consisted of 25 patients responding to Imatinib treatment (Imatinib responsive) and group II consisted of 25 patients resistant to Imatinib (Imatinib resistant). Response criteria were assessed according to the NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines 2017. Twenty healthy controls of matched age and sex were also included (group III). For all patients, we studied hOCT1 C480G at initial presentation using Taqman drug metabolism genotyping as well as BCR-ABL percent at diagnosis and after 3 months interval. Results: hOCT1 C480G was present in 32% of studied CML patients. CC (wild) was detected in 68% of group I and 64% of group II. CG (mutant heterozygous) was present in 28% of group I and 36% of group II while GG (mutant homozygous) was detected in only one case in group I. CG was also detected in 15% of control subjects There was no significant difference between hOCT1 C480G polymorphism and Early Molecular Response (χ2 = 0.089, p = 0.765). Conclusions: hOCT1 C480G polymorphism has no association with Imatinib resistance in Egyptian population. However, further studies on a larger number of patients are still needed to confirm this finding.展开更多
Background: More and more chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are accompanied with hyperuricaemia. As is known, hyperuricaemia is an independent hazard of both cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic kidney diseas...Background: More and more chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are accompanied with hyperuricaemia. As is known, hyperuricaemia is an independent hazard of both cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic kidney diseases. We aim at identifying Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) difference of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) on CKD patient with hyperuricemia and/or gout. Methods: All forty-two CKD patients were divided into two groups: hyperuricemia, and control group. 24 hours urine sample and serum were prepared for testing biochemistry parameters. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method is used to analyze hURAT1 and ABCG2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in different groups. Results: 17 patients have CT SNP of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and 13 patients have CT SNP of ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group, while only 5 persons and 6 persons have the same mutations in control group respectively. 7 patients have CT SNP of both hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group, while only 2 persons have the same mutations in control group. CT mutation rates of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group were 60.7% (17/28) and 50% (13/28) respectively, higher than that of control group (35.7% (5/14) and 42.8% (6/14)). What is more, Double SNP mutations in both hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group were 25% (7/28), higher than that of control group (14.2%, 2/14). Conclusion: There are higher mutation rates of CT SNP in hURAT1 (rs7932775) and/or ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group. We can conclude that hyperuricemia is a high risk factor in progress of CKD, which is necessary to take measures of decreasing serum uric acid to delay CKD progress.展开更多
To prepare HIV-1 Vif and hAPOBEC3G and to produce their antibodies, the full length gene fragment of HIV-1 vif was amplified by PCR from a plasmid of HIV-1 NL4.3 cDNA, and the APOBEC3G gene was obtained by RT-PCR from...To prepare HIV-1 Vif and hAPOBEC3G and to produce their antibodies, the full length gene fragment of HIV-1 vif was amplified by PCR from a plasmid of HIV-1 NL4.3 cDNA, and the APOBEC3G gene was obtained by RT-PCR from the total RNA of H9 cells. The resulting DNA construct was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector (pET-32a). Recombinant pET-vif and pET-APOBEC3G were expressed respectively in Eserichia coli BL21 (DE3) as an insoluble protein. The vector also contained a six-histidine tag at the C-terminus for convenient purification and detection. To express and purify the HIV-1 Vif and hAPOBEC3G in E.coli cells, the accuracy of inserted gene and specificity of proteins were detected by the two enzyme digestion method, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting. Rabbits were then immunized by Vif or APOBEC3G protein and serum samples were tested by indirect ELISA to determine the level of antibodies. Immunoenzyme and immunofluorescence assays were performed to identify the specificity of polyclonal antibodies. The titer of the anti-Vif antibodies was 1:204800, and that of the anti-APOBEC3G antibodies was 1:102400. Thus the antibodies could detect the antigen expression in the cells, demonstrating that fusion proteins with high purity and their corresponding polyclonal antibodies with high titer and specificity were achieved.展开更多
Infection with high risk human papillomavirus is regarded as the major risk factor in the development of cervical cancer. In this study, HPV16 L1 eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA LI were constructed, which were...Infection with high risk human papillomavirus is regarded as the major risk factor in the development of cervical cancer. In this study, HPV16 L1 eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA LI were constructed, which were transfected into mammalian cells Cos 7. The expression of HPV16 L1 in transfected cells were identified by in situ hybridization, immunospot and immunocytochemistry. HPV16 L1 mRNA transcription and L1 protein expression were found in recombinant plasmid transfected cells. This expression system will provide us with plentiful resource for HPV16 L1 immunological study and will be helpful for the design of HPV16 prophylactic vaccine.展开更多
Background: The new 5G telecommunication technology has stirred concerns about potential negative effects on human health by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. As to whether skin biology can be affected by 5G wave...Background: The new 5G telecommunication technology has stirred concerns about potential negative effects on human health by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. As to whether skin biology can be affected by 5G waves has remained an unsolved challenge despite recent studies dealing with this issue. In particular, a strategy for rational design of an assay allowing to 1) reproducibly evaluate and decipher the 5G effects on skin as well as 2) test the potential protective effects of cosmetic active ingredients, has yet to be found. Here we describe an in vitro model of human normal keratinocytes irradiated by 5G waves and show their impact on two biomarkers of inflammatory stress, i.e. interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, the capacity of a tannin-rich plant extract to protect against 5G impact is evaluated. Materials and Methods: In the first series of experiments, monolayers of human normal keratinocytes were irradiated or not (control) by 5G waves (3.5 MHz) in an anechoic chamber and were incubated at 37˚C for 24 hours. At the end of the incubation period, extracellular IL-1β and intracellular ROS were quantified using specific ELISA and colorimetric assays, respectively. In the second series of experiments, the effect of an overnight pre-incubation with increasing concentrations of a tannin-rich plant extract was evaluated. Additionally, we studied in a prospective way the expression of a set of 88 genes selected for their relevance to keratinocyte homeostasis, in relation to the 5G challenge as well as the protective effect of a tannin-rich plant extract. Results: 5G waves significantly increased IL-1β production by 48.4% (p β and ROS production. Finally, the expression of 47 genes was modified by 5G waves and/or by the tannin-rich plant extract. Conclusion: This is to our knowledge the first evaluation of the impact of 5G technology on inflammatory biomarkers of human normal skin cells. Here we provide an innovative and pertinent tool to screen for natural compounds with protective effects against 5G waves to develop cosmetic products shielding against the potentially deleterious effects of electromagnetic waves on human skin.展开更多
文摘In order to provide the experimental basis for the further studies on the oncogenic mechanism of the E6 protein from human papillomavirus type 16 （HPV16）, the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 （-）/E6 was used for the study on the effect of E6 protein to influence the secretory activity of LPS-induced 3MP-1-macrophages, and the reconstructed plasmid pcDNA3.1 （-）/E6 was transfected into THP-1-macrophages. The expression of E6 gene was assayed in macrophage lysates by using Western blot analysis and the level of TNF-α or IL-1β was examined by ELISA. All of data were analyzed by SPSS12.0. As demonstrated by Western blot analysis, the expression of E6 protein with a molecular weight of about 18 kDa by plasmid pcDNA3.1 （-）/E6 in THP-1-macrophages could be detected. However, as demonstrated by ELISA assay, the level of TNF-α or IL-1β in lysates of THP-1-macrophages showed an obvious difference between the pcDNA3.1 （-）/E6 group and the LPS control group or the pcDNA3.1 （-） control group （P 〈 0.01）, but no significant difference existed between pcDNA3.1 （-） control group and LPS control group （ P 〉 0.05）. All these results illustrate that the transient over-expression of HPV6 E6 protein reduces the production of TNF-α and IL-1β induced by LPS in THP-1-macrophages.
基金This work is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No.3972537) A Grant from Ministry of Education of China for Young Teachers (HB-016).
文摘Objective To explore the effects of Sterigmatocystin (ST), Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) on apoptosis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) in vitro and thus to further elucidate the putative roles of these three mycotoxins on human immunosystem. Methods The effects of ST, DON and AFG1 on apoptosis of HPBLs were studied with cell culture, flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. Results DNA agarose gel electrophoresis results showed the characteristic 'ladder' pattern of apoptosis in HPBLs treated with ST, DON and AFG1. Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that typical subdiploid peaks of apoptosis in DNA histogram could be seen in all groups treated with the three mycotoxins. Significant time-effect and dose-effect relationships were found between the apoptosis rates and treatment time as well as concentrations of the three mycotoxins. Conclusion ST, DON and AFG1 can induce apoptosis of HPBLs in vitro and may have some negative effects on human immunosystem.
文摘Objective To evaluate the overexpression of cyclin G1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN） and cervical carcinoma, and the correlation between cyclin G1 and high-risk human papilloma virus （HPV） infection. Methods All of the specimens were obtained from the Department of Pathology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2000 to August 2004. We detected the expression of cyclin G1 with immunohistochemistry, HPV16/18 infection with in situ hybridization, and high-risk HPV infection with Hybrid capture system Ⅱ （HC-Ⅱ） in normal group （25 cases）, CIN Ⅰ （48 cases）, CIN Ⅱ （56 cases）, CIN Ⅲ（54 cases）, and invasive cervical squamous-cell carcinoma （SCC, 31 cases）. Results The positive rates of cyclin G1 expression in CIN（77.85% ）and SCC cervical tissues （87. 10% ） were significantly higher than normal （ 8.00%, P 〈 0. 01 ）, and the intensities of cyclin G1 expression in CIN（40. 60% ） and SCC cervical tissues （61.51%） were significantly higher than normal （2. 72%, P 〈0.05）. The positive rates and intensities of cyclin G1 expression increased gradually with the grade of cervical lesions. High-risk HPV infection rates were higher in CIN and SCC than normal groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. There was a positive correlation between cyclin G1 expression and high-risk HPV infection detected with HC-Ⅱ （Kendall＇s tau-b =0. 316, 0. 269, 0. 352, and 0. 474 in CIN Ⅰ, CIN Ⅱ, CIN Ⅲ, and SCC, respectively, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Cyclin G1 is overexpressed in CIN and SCC. Cyclin G1 may be a biomarker for detecting CIN and SCC. Cyclin G1 may play an important role in the oncogenesis of CIN and SCC by high-risk HPV infection.
文摘OBJECTIVE Notch1 signaling has been implicated intumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate theputative role of the Notch1 receptor in carcinogenesis and in theprogression of the cervical cancer. Since human papillomavirus(HPV) is a causative agent in cervical carcinoma, the interactionbetween Notch1 and HPV infection was examined.METHODS Forty cervical cancer samples and 30 normalcervical tissue specimens were examined using Western blot andRT-PCR to detect Notch1 protein and mRNA levels. HPV16 DNAwas examined in all samples using PCR.RESULTS The level of Notch1 protein expression wassignificantly lower in cervical cancer tissue than in normal tissue.Levels of Notch1 mRNA were found to be substantially downregulatedin cancer tissue. Notch1 protein expression levelswere significantly higher in carcinomas without HPV DNAthan that in carcinomas with HPV infection (55.5% vs. 3.3%, P <0.05). Down-modulation of Notch1 mRNA levels in carcinomawas demonstrated to be associated with HPVE6 transcription.Moreover, levels of Notch1 expression were shown to besignificantly higher in early stage disease than in advanced stagedisease (P = 0.001).CONCLUSION Down-modulation of Notch1 expressionprobably plays an important role in the late stages of HPVinducedcervical cancer.
文摘Background: Human organic cationic transporter1 (Hoct1) is a plasma membrane transporter responsible for the main influx of Imatinib into chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene coding for hOCT1 are important factors causing Imatinib resistance. We investigated the frequency of hOCT1 SNP C480G among Egyptian CML patients and its relation to early molecular response as an indicator of treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: Two groups of CML patients were included in this study. Group I consisted of 25 patients responding to Imatinib treatment (Imatinib responsive) and group II consisted of 25 patients resistant to Imatinib (Imatinib resistant). Response criteria were assessed according to the NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines 2017. Twenty healthy controls of matched age and sex were also included (group III). For all patients, we studied hOCT1 C480G at initial presentation using Taqman drug metabolism genotyping as well as BCR-ABL percent at diagnosis and after 3 months interval. Results: hOCT1 C480G was present in 32% of studied CML patients. CC (wild) was detected in 68% of group I and 64% of group II. CG (mutant heterozygous) was present in 28% of group I and 36% of group II while GG (mutant homozygous) was detected in only one case in group I. CG was also detected in 15% of control subjects There was no significant difference between hOCT1 C480G polymorphism and Early Molecular Response (χ2 = 0.089, p = 0.765). Conclusions: hOCT1 C480G polymorphism has no association with Imatinib resistance in Egyptian population. However, further studies on a larger number of patients are still needed to confirm this finding.
文摘Background: More and more chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are accompanied with hyperuricaemia. As is known, hyperuricaemia is an independent hazard of both cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic kidney diseases. We aim at identifying Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) difference of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) on CKD patient with hyperuricemia and/or gout. Methods: All forty-two CKD patients were divided into two groups: hyperuricemia, and control group. 24 hours urine sample and serum were prepared for testing biochemistry parameters. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method is used to analyze hURAT1 and ABCG2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in different groups. Results: 17 patients have CT SNP of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and 13 patients have CT SNP of ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group, while only 5 persons and 6 persons have the same mutations in control group respectively. 7 patients have CT SNP of both hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group, while only 2 persons have the same mutations in control group. CT mutation rates of hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group were 60.7% (17/28) and 50% (13/28) respectively, higher than that of control group (35.7% (5/14) and 42.8% (6/14)). What is more, Double SNP mutations in both hURAT1 (rs7932775) and ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group were 25% (7/28), higher than that of control group (14.2%, 2/14). Conclusion: There are higher mutation rates of CT SNP in hURAT1 (rs7932775) and/or ABCG2 (rs3825016) in hyperuricemia group. We can conclude that hyperuricemia is a high risk factor in progress of CKD, which is necessary to take measures of decreasing serum uric acid to delay CKD progress.
基金National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(30400368)The Natural Science foundation ofBeijing(5072003)Beijing Natural Science foundationProgram and Scientific Research Key Program of BeijingMunicipal commission of Education(KZ20051005001).
文摘To prepare HIV-1 Vif and hAPOBEC3G and to produce their antibodies, the full length gene fragment of HIV-1 vif was amplified by PCR from a plasmid of HIV-1 NL4.3 cDNA, and the APOBEC3G gene was obtained by RT-PCR from the total RNA of H9 cells. The resulting DNA construct was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector (pET-32a). Recombinant pET-vif and pET-APOBEC3G were expressed respectively in Eserichia coli BL21 (DE3) as an insoluble protein. The vector also contained a six-histidine tag at the C-terminus for convenient purification and detection. To express and purify the HIV-1 Vif and hAPOBEC3G in E.coli cells, the accuracy of inserted gene and specificity of proteins were detected by the two enzyme digestion method, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting. Rabbits were then immunized by Vif or APOBEC3G protein and serum samples were tested by indirect ELISA to determine the level of antibodies. Immunoenzyme and immunofluorescence assays were performed to identify the specificity of polyclonal antibodies. The titer of the anti-Vif antibodies was 1:204800, and that of the anti-APOBEC3G antibodies was 1:102400. Thus the antibodies could detect the antigen expression in the cells, demonstrating that fusion proteins with high purity and their corresponding polyclonal antibodies with high titer and specificity were achieved.
文摘Infection with high risk human papillomavirus is regarded as the major risk factor in the development of cervical cancer. In this study, HPV16 L1 eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA LI were constructed, which were transfected into mammalian cells Cos 7. The expression of HPV16 L1 in transfected cells were identified by in situ hybridization, immunospot and immunocytochemistry. HPV16 L1 mRNA transcription and L1 protein expression were found in recombinant plasmid transfected cells. This expression system will provide us with plentiful resource for HPV16 L1 immunological study and will be helpful for the design of HPV16 prophylactic vaccine.
文摘Background: The new 5G telecommunication technology has stirred concerns about potential negative effects on human health by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. As to whether skin biology can be affected by 5G waves has remained an unsolved challenge despite recent studies dealing with this issue. In particular, a strategy for rational design of an assay allowing to 1) reproducibly evaluate and decipher the 5G effects on skin as well as 2) test the potential protective effects of cosmetic active ingredients, has yet to be found. Here we describe an in vitro model of human normal keratinocytes irradiated by 5G waves and show their impact on two biomarkers of inflammatory stress, i.e. interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, the capacity of a tannin-rich plant extract to protect against 5G impact is evaluated. Materials and Methods: In the first series of experiments, monolayers of human normal keratinocytes were irradiated or not (control) by 5G waves (3.5 MHz) in an anechoic chamber and were incubated at 37˚C for 24 hours. At the end of the incubation period, extracellular IL-1β and intracellular ROS were quantified using specific ELISA and colorimetric assays, respectively. In the second series of experiments, the effect of an overnight pre-incubation with increasing concentrations of a tannin-rich plant extract was evaluated. Additionally, we studied in a prospective way the expression of a set of 88 genes selected for their relevance to keratinocyte homeostasis, in relation to the 5G challenge as well as the protective effect of a tannin-rich plant extract. Results: 5G waves significantly increased IL-1β production by 48.4% (p β and ROS production. Finally, the expression of 47 genes was modified by 5G waves and/or by the tannin-rich plant extract. Conclusion: This is to our knowledge the first evaluation of the impact of 5G technology on inflammatory biomarkers of human normal skin cells. Here we provide an innovative and pertinent tool to screen for natural compounds with protective effects against 5G waves to develop cosmetic products shielding against the potentially deleterious effects of electromagnetic waves on human skin.
