Theoretical and Engineering Approach to Human Power Ornithopter Design

The article considers the issues on preliminary calculation of human-powered ornithopter general performances. The model of “simple ornithopter” is introduced. Giving an example of simple ornithopter interaction with the environment, the formula of relation of ornithopter theoretically available propulsion to kinematic and physical parameters of its horizontal flight parameters is derived. The tasking is performed for the following stages of calculation and design of the human-powered ornithopter.

Tackling global electricity shortage through human power： Technical opportunities from direct or indirect utilizations of the pervasive and green human energy

With the energy and environmental problems becoming increasingly serious, human power, as a pervasive, renewable, mobile and environment friendly energy, draws more and more attention over the world. In this paper, the most basic features of human power are presented. The currently available human power harvesting theories and devices are briefly reviewed and compared. Further, direct or indirect utilization of human power in daily life, especially transportation and home appliances, such as human-powered car, watercraft, air- craft, washing machine and television etc. are summarized. Considering that the total energy from an individual is rather limited, as previously focused by most of the former works, it is conceived in this paper that an important future for large scale use of human powers lies in the efficient conversion, collection and storage of such energy from discrete people and then use it later on as desired. With the huge amount of energy gathered, the application category of human power would be significantly expended. Starting from this point, three technical ways towards efficiently utilizing human power are sketched, which are termed as human-powered grid （HPG）, human-powered charger （HPC） and human-powered storage （HPS）, among which, HPG is capable of collecting the electric power produced by each individual at different regions and thus can supply unique and flexible power to the customers covered in the area, without relying on the conventional electricity grid. The HPC can then charge various kinds of electrical devices instantly by a human driven generator which converts human power into electricity. Finally, the HPS can store electricity in time for later use. In this way, even for the devices requiring electricity that is strong enough, the collected human power can also serve as its reliable energy source. Meanwhile, utilization of human power becomes rather convenient and timely which guarantees its practical value. It is expected that with further research and increasing applications, human power could partially relieve the current global electricity shortage and environmental issues via its pervasive contribution.

Low-power laser irradiation promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells via cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Retaining or improving periodontal ligament （PDL） function is crucial for restoring periodontal defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of low-power laser irradiation （LPLI） on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human PDL （hPDL） cells. Cultured hPDL cel Is were irradiated （660 nm） daily with doses of O, 1, 2 or 4 J .cm-2. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay, and the effect of LPLI on osteogenic differentiation was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity. Additionally, osteogenic marker gene expression was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Our data showed that LPLI at a dose of 2 J.cm-2 significantly promoted hPDL cell proliferation at days 3 and 5. In addition, LPLI at energy doses of 2 and 4 J.cm-2 showed potential osteogenic capacity, as it stimulated ALP activity, calcium deposition, and osteogenic gene expression. We also showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） is a critical regulator of the LPLI-mediated effects on hPDL cells. This study shows that LPLI can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDL cells. These results suggest the potential use of LPLI in clinical applications for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Establish an International Communication Platform for Human Rights and Promote China's Discourse Power on Human Rights——A Review on Ten Years of Beijing Forum on Human Rights

The beijing forum on Human Rights is a global human rights forum founded by the china Society for Human Rights Studies in 2008? it has been successfully held for nine times? in the past 10 years, the forum has kept up with the trend of the times and carefully set up issues; seeking common ground while reserving differences,seeking the greatest consensus on human rights; being open and inclusive, and building a model of international human rights exchange and cooperation? The forum has become a high-level academic platform for human rights exchanges and cooperation on the basis of equality,harmony, tolerance, openness and mutual respect, and has played an important role in promoting the healthy development of the international human rights cause? With the socialism with chinese characteristics entering a new era, the beijing forum on Human Rights needs to position new roles in the new era, seek more clear development momentum and direction, and promote the vitality, cohesiveness and international influence of the forum in a deep and all-round way and contribute to the development of world human rights cause and global human rights governance?

Mass Stopping Power and Range of Protons in Biological Human Body Tissues (Ovary, Lung and Breast)

In this work, the mass stopping power and range of protons in biological human body tissues (ovary, lung and breast) were calculated at the energy ranging from 0.04 MeV to 200 MeV using the MATLAB Program. The data relating to the densities, average atomic number to mass number and excitation energy for the present tissues were collected from ICRU Report 46. The mass stopping power was calculated by the Bethe formula. Moreover, the simple integration (continuous slowing down approximation) method was employed for calculating protons range at the tissues. The results of the mass stopping power versus energy and the range versus energy were presented graphically and the empirical formulae for calculating the mass stopping power and the ranges were obtained. The present results for mass stopping powers and ranges were compared with the results obtained by others. Good agreements were found between them, especially at the energy ranging from 3 to 200 MeV.

超越边界:《奥菲奥》的后人类书写

后人类主义的提出标志着人类思维方式的质变,科学技术的发展使得人与非人类的边界变得模糊和消除。理查德·鲍尔斯的小说《奥菲奥》彰显了超越生命、跨越边界、万物相连的后人类理念。从后人类主义的视角探究了小说呈现给读者的人与动物等非人类之间的多重关系,旨在引发人们关注跨物种平等共存、和谐相依的后人类愿景。

国有企业职业经理人制度改革研究

我国的改革是对社会主义制度的自我完善,其中,国有企业改革需要将加强党的领导与市场化发展统一起来。因此,国有企业职业经理人制度改革,必须坚持中国特色社会主义市场化改革的方向,采取分类分层改革的方式,以市场化选聘、契约化管理、差异化薪酬、市场化退出为重点环节,因企制宜、循序渐进地推进。改革开放以来,我国国有企业职业经理人制度改革经历了改革准备、初步酝酿、试水调整、推广深化四个阶段,探索形成了四化管理、自愿转身、灵活市场化、部分市场化等典型模式,取得了显著成效,但还存在市场化选聘未能达到预期效果、契约化管理存在难点、差异化薪酬设计不合理、市场化退出机制不完善、监管及配套机制不健全等问题。应坚持党管干部、党管人才的原则,重塑企业文化,增强市场观念,充分发挥市场机制作用,弘扬企业家精神,完善治理体系,逐步建设具有中国特色的现代职业经理人制度体系。

“法治思想家”郭道晖教授的法理求索

郭道晖是我国著名的法学家和法治思想家,在法治、宪制、人权等领域卓有建树,做出开创性贡献,被尊称为“法治三老”之一。在法治论方面,他深入探究法的本质内涵,明确法与法律的区别,将法的时代精神归结为人权与自由,率先且形象地指出“法制”与“法治”区别,积极推动“法治”入宪。他较早地提出中国法治社会的理想前景与现实基础,率先提出市场经济是法治经济这一论断。他有着极强的立法实践问题意识,率先开展立法理论研究,较早地提出法律民主化的要求和原则。在宪制论方面,他论述了宪制的理念和精神,倡导社会主义宪制之路,提出立宪之后贵在行宪。他较早系统地研究权利和权力的关系,首倡权利推定理论,原创性地阐述了社会权力这一新范畴,倡导以社会权力制约国家权力。在人权论方面,他系统论证了人权的重要价值和基本内涵,重视政治人权的独特价值,详细论述了人权的国家保障义务及具体机制,是推动“人权入宪”的法学家之一。郭道晖精湛深刻的学术思想、忧国忧民的人文关怀、大胆创新的理论勇气、正道直行的学术风骨成为当代法学学人的精神标杆。

美国教育发展战略的时代特征与基本逻辑:从美苏冷战到中美竞争

教育安全国家将教育战略规划纳入国家经济和军事战略规划,通过提升人力资本和塑造意识形态两条路径,将科学、数学和意识形态的教学置于学校课程中心。美国作为典型的“教育安全国家”,在不同的大国竞争时期,其教育发展战略具有不同的时代特征,在美苏冷战时期,注重通过教育助力其与苏联展开意识形态和军事领域的竞争;在中美竞争时期,侧重于帮助其保持全球霸主地位和遏制中国发展,其内容与手段也有所变化,且更为重视人力资本的提升。但美国的教育发展战略也体现出了基本逻辑,即通过STEM教育、关键外语教育等战略提升人力资本,通过公民教育与美国历史教育、国际教育战略等手段塑造意识形态,以实现其赋能国家竞争力提升和维护国家安全的目的。

基于SEM-AHP方法的核电厂定量人为因素评价研究

文章基于人为因素分析与分类系统,分析了115起核电厂执照运行事件报告(Licensed Operation Event Report,LOER),并对影响核电厂事件发生的人为因素进行分类,采用结构方程模型方法得出各影响因素的路径系数,两两比较得到层次分析模型的判断矩阵,进而确定各因素的权重。同时对核电厂人为因素的重要性做排序分析,找到核电厂运行过程中的安全管理薄弱环节,从而促进核电厂系统平稳运行。

鲍尔斯小说《快乐基因》中的后人类状况解读

被誉为后品钦时代代言人的美国后现代作家理查德·鲍尔斯的作品中常常涉及大量科学知识、探讨最前沿的科学问题,他试图通过小说来探究科学与人类的关系。其2009年出版的基因小说《快乐基因》描述了在网络资讯、基因工程、科学技术快速发展的后人类社会中,人们对女主人公萨沙及她所拥有的“快乐基因”进行的一系列疑惑、追捧与讽刺。鲍尔斯勾勒出与科技和数字相融合的后人类们所生活的社会图景,他在一定程度上肯定了科学是我们这个时代的终极救赎,同时也批判了对技术的完全依赖而对人类根本问题的忽略。在《快乐基因》中,我们可以透过人类的存在形式、人类本质和人类价值三个维度的变化体会后人类的生存及社会状况,由此感悟鲍尔斯对人类与技术融合共存愿景的探索性思考。

我国教育和人力资源的国际方位与强国建设的现实路径

高素质人力资源的供给能力是支撑教育强国建设的关键,我国在人口平均受教育年限、百万人口中高等教育在校生数、研究生规模占比及培养模式等方面还有明显短板,面对支撑服务中国式现代化建设的新任务,教育强国建设亟需适应人口和经济发展特点与趋势,多路径扩大优质高等教育和职业教育资源;以改革评价制度为突破口,建立拔尖创新人才培养的全链条培养机制;以理工科人才培养为依托,构建有组织的科教融汇、产教融合、校企协同的产学研联盟新机制,引领我国急需紧缺人才自主培养新范式;加大人力资本投入,提升与教育强国建设相适应的各级教育生均经费支出水平;有效利用世界一流教育资源和创新要素,提升教育合作能级与国际影响力。

“媒介自延伸”:人机交互中知识权力话语模式变迁及潜在风险

以ChatGPT4.0为代表的生成式人工智能技术,不仅打破千百年来人类的话语主体地位,更冲出以人为本的“媒介即延伸”发展轴线,转向以媒介自我能力延伸的“媒介自延伸”之轨,人类知识权力话语模式的主体、特征以及权力关系受到巨大冲击。在梳理人类历史进程中不同媒介时代权力话语模式变迁基础上,采用扎根理论研究方法,对当下生成式人工智能引发的人机交互权力话语模式与特征进行分析,发现算法规制下的智能话语或将人类话语引入范式化与平庸化,造成机器知识内容权力宣示、庸语驱逐俗语以及情感话语蛊惑方面的潜在风险,需从个体“算法启蒙”及社会规制层面采取必要举措并进行反思。

工业智能化如何影响劳动者工资议价能力?

本文将工业智能化与劳动者工资议价能力纳入统一分析框架,通过中国制造业A股上市企业数据构建工业智能化和劳动者工资议价能力指标,从理论与实证层面考察工业智能化对劳动者工资议价能力的影响及作用机制。研究发现,工业智能化显著提升了劳动者的工资议价能力,经过Heckman两步法、替换工具变量等检验后,结论依然稳健。机制分析表明,工业智能化通过外部高技能劳动力需求扩张效应和内部人力资本提升效应提升了劳动者工资议价能力。异质性分析发现,工业智能化对劳动者工资议价能力的提升作用对于国有企业、低融资约束企业、小规模企业、无员工福利的企业、低生活成本地区的企业更加显著。本文研究对于政府如何通过工业智能化转型提升劳动者工资议价能力、提高劳动报酬比重和完善收入分配格局具有重要政策启示。

探索中国体育强国建设的理论起点——立足马克思主义哲学关于对人的本质认识方向

构建中国体育强国建设理论体系的首要问题是找出合理的理论起点。要完成这个任务,必须坚持马克思主义哲学关于对人的本质认识方向,通过借鉴资本主义商业体育的理论起点,到分析社会主义体育探索“人的全面发展”的理论起点,最后以马克思主义中国化最新理论成果,即习近平总书记关于体育的重要论述为指引。一方面,资本主义体育发展建设以资本主义的“剩余价值”为理论阐释点,它同样蕴含着“人的发展”的各种规定,由此引发了在一定制度下面向“人的发展”的体育发展成果的探析;另一方面,习近平总书记关于体育的重要论述则确定了“人的价值”的理论主线。借鉴马克思主义体育思想,重视与教育匹配的社会关系,准确把握习近平总书记关于实现体育的“人的价值”的初心维度的重要论述,可以得到结论,“遵循社会发展与人的发展的统一性”是中国体育强国建设的理论起点。

Calculation of Mass Stopping Power and Range of Protons as Well as Important Radiation Quantities in Some Biological Human Bodyparts (Water, Muscle, Skeletal and Bone, Cortical)

In this work, the electronic mass stopping power and the range of protons in some biological human body parts (Water, Muscle, Skeletal and Bone, Cortical) were calculated in the energy range of protons 0.04 to 200 MeV using the theory of Bethe-Bloch formula as giving in the references. All these calculations were done using Matlab program. The data related to the densities, average atomic number to mass number and excitation energies for the present tissues and substances were collected from ICRU Report 44 (1989). The present results for electronic mass stopping powers and ranges were compared with the data of PSTAR and good agreements were found between them, especially at energies between 1 - 200 MeV for stopping power and 4 - 200 MeV for the range. Also in this study, several important quantities in the field of radiation, such as thickness, linear energy transfer (LET), absorbed dose, equivalent dose, and effective dose of the protons in the given biological human body parts were calculated at protons energy 0.04 - 200 MeV.

情报研究中多源异构数据的小算力聚合及应用研究

[目的/意义]探索采用低能耗、高效率的算力,应对情报研究中处理语义环境高复杂、知识边界不确定、信息博弈强对抗、数据样本稀疏为主要特征的多源异构数据聚合面临的挑战。[方法/过程]剖析在大数据、人工智能技术快速发展背景下,多源异构数据、小算力、聚合等数据处理相关的概念内涵及其情报研究发展趋势,基于I/O模型和数据流转换分析人机混合增强算力作用路径及其支撑数据价值实现的层次,提出情报研究中人机混合增强算力的多源异构数据聚合模式(MHDAM-HAC),并以动态情报研究业务为对象进行实例应用。[结果/结论]技术领域发展状态概要画像、聚焦某类技术主题挖掘发现隐含知识的两个实例,验证了所构建的多源异构数据的小算力聚合模式可以有效改善情报研究工作面临的问题,实现一部分情报生成过程的可重现,并促进情报研究的新发现,可作为新实践当中的实现方式。

人机混合增强决策智能在新型电力系统调控中的应用与展望

新型电力系统的调控运行面临规模及随机性升高、海量多元资源协同困难等难题,现有传统优化和人工经验的调控手段难以应对。以强化学习为代表的决策智能技术在表征能力和决策速度方面具备显著优势,但在应用中存在诸多关键瓶颈。而人机混合增强智能(hybrid human-machine intelligence,HHMI)技术具有突破这些瓶颈、支撑高效智能调控的巨大潜力。目前HHMI理论研究尚处于初期,应用不足。为挖掘HHMI的潜力并探索其应用方案,基于新型电力系统调控与应急调整的实际需求,分析决策智能的优势与局限,在此基础上,论述HHMI的总体框架、关键技术、应用方案以及在实际应用中面临的关键问题,并对其未来的实践进行展望,可为HHMI在新型电力系统调控中的研究与应用提供思路。

让每个学生都有出彩的机会——个体高质量发展视域下的教育强国建设

增进个体高质量发展是教育高质量发展和教育强国建设的内在目的。人类社会从传统到现代的转型,根本标志即表现为人的个体发展获得了价值优先性。基于人的全面发展理论、人的现代化理论和素质教育理论,个体高质量发展内容构成包括智力与体力充分统一发展、德智体美劳全面发展、人的主体性与现代性的发展以及个体知情意和谐发展。为促进个体高质量发展,必须以立德树人为方向与创新能力为核心重置教育目标,推动教育分类发展与特色发展,构建以学生为中心的教育治理体系,以数字化赋能个体高质量发展,破除管理主义与技术至上的“五唯”评价导向,回归教学现实生活世界。

基于神经-肌骨-外骨骼耦合仿真框架的平地和上坡行走动力学分析

评估人体穿戴外骨骼后的运动性能是指导外骨骼硬件迭代和控制策略优化的重要依据.与传统的基于实验的评估相比,基于人-外骨骼耦合系统动力学仿真的评估避免了平台搭建和实地测试、实验数据分析处理的巨大人力和时间成本.此外,如将人体神经肌骨动力学纳入人-外骨骼耦合系统,动力学仿真还能够生成肌肉激活、肌肉力和关节力矩等实验中难以测量的生理学和生物力学信息,从而可以从肌肉发力的层面评估不同环境下穿戴外骨骼对人体运动的影响.本研究以人体肌骨-髋关节外骨骼耦合系统为研究对象,基于考虑人体神经肌骨动力学、足地接触和人-外骨骼交互作用的完整神经-肌骨-外骨骼耦合正向动力学仿真框架,对系统在平地和上坡(5.71°,10%)两种场景以0.8 m/s步速行走的动力学进行了比较研究.通过给定模型中的神经肌肉反射参数,综合考虑系统运动状态、肌肉收缩动力学、肌骨运动学、肌肉代谢、不同环境下的地反力和人机交互力等因素,并采用协方差矩阵自适应进化策略进行分阶段多目标优化,可以在不需要实验数据输入的条件下,高效完成全系统的动力学仿真.计算结果表明,所提仿真框架不仅能够生成包括肌肉激活、肌肉力、关节力矩和关节角度在内的完整生理学和生物力学信号,还能够反映和解释不同肌肉的激活模式随步行环境的适应性变化.此外还在与仿真情况一致的步行条件下进行了人体穿戴外骨骼行走测试,并进一步将肌肉激活数据与测得的肌电信号对比.结果表明,仿真与实验的肌肉激活结果保持了较高的相关性,并呈现出相对于地形坡度基本一致的变化规律;在上坡行走时,腘绳肌、臀大肌、髂腰肌和比目鱼肌的肌肉激活程度的RMS值均显著高于平地行走的情况,而股直肌与胫骨前肌的肌肉激活程度的RMS值则有所下降.上述结果表明,提出的动力学仿真框架可以在无实验数据输入的条件下有效且准确地捕捉在不同地形中行走时肌肉激活模式的定性差异.本研究为人体肌骨-外骨骼耦合系统在多场景下的行走仿真与性能评估提供了新的途径,也为外骨骼设计与控制策略的优化提供了理论参考和仿真分析方法.