Constructing China’s Human Rights Science:Cause,Cognition,and Paradigm

“China’s Human Rights Science”is undoubtedly a brand-new concept.Just as China has its own philosophy,literature,history,law,political science,and sociology,it should also have its own human rights science.China’s Human Rights Science refers to the cognitive science of human rights in China.Developing its disciplinary system,academic system,and discourse system,and constructing an independent Chinese human rights knowledge system,are essential requirements for promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization and creating a new form of human civilization.China’s Human Rights Science originated in China,grew in China,and deepened through China’s human rights practices.China’s Human Rights Science adhere to the universality of human rights principles and possess distinctive characteristics.It works as the knowledge-based organization,academic refinement,and theoretical expression of the path of human rights development that conforms to the trend of the times and suits China’s national conditions,as pursued by the Communist Party of China in leading the people.China’s Human Rights Science can enrich and develop the theory of human rights civilization,and should become a global public product of human rights.

Semiotic Paradigms of Self and Person:The Perspectives Model of Communicology as the Logic Foundation of Human Science

Originally proposed by Timothy Leary, the perspective model of interpersonal communication analyzes semiotic comportment at three levels of exchange: Public Communication(Level I) where a person's overt verbal and nonverbal behavior is observed by both the Self and Other in a given situation; Conscious Descriptions(Level II) which are the perceived verbal contents of messages and codes exchanged by the Self and Other; Private Symbolization(Level III) which consists of projective, indirect, imaginative content of the Self and Other as attributed to both the Self and Other. As discussed by Wilden, the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan uses the simple terminology of the Real, the Imaginary, and the Symbolic to refer to the respective discourse levels. Subsequent communicologists have adopted the terminology of(1) Direct Perspective,(2) Meta-Perspective, and(3) Meta-Meta-Perspective. The perspectives model thus becomes an applied example of semiotic phenomenological method which progressively moves from(1) Description, to(2) Reduction, and to(3) Interpretation in the analysis and functional specification of human communication. These combinatory eidetic(verbal) and empirical(nonverbal) semiotic codes depict cultural preferences thereby defining the Self in theory and practice.

French Chiasm Communicology and the Discourse Model of the Human Sciences

The French discourse model of human communication is largely an engagement of the problematic concept of enlightenment as a product of the ability to reason by thinking.The engagement as speaking and writing becomes thematic,when one considers that,the product called“reason”also should explicate the process wherein the conscious experience of being is essentially“reasonable”in doing as listening and reading.The engaged analysis of reason differentiates among parole,discours,langue,and langage as a synthesis of logic mediating rhetoric and grammar as models of expression and perception.The method is known as the trivium in the Medieval universities of Europe,subsequently adopted as a pedagogy throughout Europe,and last,adopted by C.S.Peirce as a foundational semiotic methodology for science(methodeutic).The influence of the human science adaptations emerges in France with the philosophic cross-over and intertwined(chiasm)positions of Existentialism,Phenomenology,Structuralism,and Semiology.Doing the reasonable requires metaphor and metonymy,simile and synecdoche in the service of expression,yet,it also demands the perception of their respective counterparts in allegory,analogy,allegoresis,and aphorism.The human journey from thinking to speaking to doing and the return(renvoi)is one of ingenuity made eloquent in the face of crisis.It was so for the Ionian enlightenment,it was so for the European enlightenment,and it is so for us.

Saussurean Sign Theory in the Human Sciences Today

As is well known,modern semiotic theory is based on two models of the sign—the Saussurean and the Peircean.While the latter has been shown to be much more tenable as a theory of semiosis,the Saussurean model cannot be totally ignored,not only because it was an initial attempt to define signs in a social-conventional way,but was also a basis upon which signification has been extended today in the human sciences.This paper looks at the latter aspect of Saussurean theory.

Spatial Humanities and Geo-computation for Social Sciences:Advances and Applications

Humanities and Social Sciences(HSS) are undergoing the transformation of spatialization and quantification. Geo-computation, with geoinformatics(including RS: Remote Sensing;GIS: Geographical Information System;GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System), provides effective computational and spatialization methods and tools for HSS. Spatial Humanities and Geo-computation for Social Sciences(SH&GSS) is a field coupling geo-computation, and geoinformatics, with HSS. This special issue accepted a set of contributions highlighting recent advances in methodologies and applications of SH&GSS, which are related to sentiment spatial analysis from social media data, emotional change spatial analysis from news data, spatial analysis of social media related to COVID-19, crime spatiotemporal analysis, “double evaluation” for Land Use/Land Cover(LUCC), Specially Protected Natural Areas(SPNA) analysis, editing behavior analysis of Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI), electricity consumption anomaly detection, First and Last Mile Problem(FLMP) of public transport, and spatial interaction network analysis for crude oil trade network. Based on these related researches, we aim to present an overview of SH&GSS, and propose some future research directions for SH&HSS.

Mapping Diversity of Publication Patterns in the Social Sciences and Humanities: An Approach Making Use of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis

Purpose: To present a method for systematically mapping diversity of publication patterns at the author level in the social sciences and humanities in terms of publication type, publication language and co-authorship.Design/methodology/approach: In a follow-up to the hard partitioning clustering by Verleysen and Weeren in 2016, we now propose the complementary use of fuzzy cluster analysis, making use of a membership coefficient to study gradual differences between publication styles among authors within a scholarly discipline. The analysis of the probability density function of the membership coefficient allows to assess the distribution of publication styles within and between disciplines.Findings: As an illustration we analyze 1,828 productive authors affiliated in Flanders, Belgium. Whereas a hard partitioning previously identified two broad publication styles, an international one vs. a domestic one, fuzzy analysis now shows gradual differences among authors. Internal diversity also varies across disciplines and can be explained by researchers’ specialization and dissemination strategies.Research limitations: The dataset used is limited to one country for the years 2000–2011; a cognitive classification of authors may yield a different result from the affiliation-based classification used here.Practical implications: Our method is applicable to other bibliometric and research evaluation contexts, especially for the social sciences and humanities in non-Anglophone countries.Originality/value: The method proposed is a novel application of cluster analysis to the field of bibliometrics. Applied to publication patterns at the author level in the social sciences and humanities, for the first time it systematically documents intra-disciplinary diversity.

A quantitative evaluation system of Chinese journals in the humanities and social sciences

Based on analyses on existing indicators for evaluating journals in the humanities and social sciences and our experience in constructing the Chinese Social Science Citation Index(CSSCI), we proposed a comprehensive system for evaluating Chinese academic journals in the humanities and social sciences. This system constitutes 8 primary indicators and 17 sub-indicators for multidisciplinary journals and 19 sub-indicators for discipline-specific journals. Each indicator or sub-indicator is assigned a suitable weight according to its importance in terms of measuring a journal's academic quality and/or impact.

Northwest University of Political Science and Law Human Rights Research and Education Center

I. Human Rights Education and Training 1. Overview The Northwest University of Political Science and Law is a diversified university, highlighting law as well as covering philosophy, economics, literature, management, art and engineering. It is an important base for training legal professionals as well as a center for legal education, research and information in Northwest China. The university, which was established 77 years ago and has trained undergraduate students for 56 years and graduate students for 35 years, is financially supported by the Shaanxi provincial govemment.

Southwest University of Political Science and Law Human Rights Education and Research Center

I. Overview 1. History The Southwest University of Political Science and Law devel- oped from the Southwest People＇s Revolutionary University, which was founded in 1950. Based on the former university and the law departments of Sichuan University, Chongqing University, Guizhou University, Yunnan University and Chongqing Finance and Economics College, the Southwest College of Political Science and Law was established.

Human Rights Research Methods in Social Science

Introduction and Motivation Legal science and philosophy are two of the most important dis- ciplines in the field of human rights research, both of them assuming different roles and functions in human rights analysis. Scholars can discuss or debate from a philosophical per- spective such as where the ideology of human rights comes from, what the ontology of human rights is and whether people could legitimate human rights claims on the basis of natural morality.

East China University of Political Science and Law Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Research Center

I. Introduction The Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Research Center at the East China University of Political Science and Law was established in December 2006, with public international law experts as its core. The center is administered by the International Law School at the East China University of Political Science and Law.

Quality Construction of Public Space from the Perspective of Human Settlement: A Case Study of Public Space in the Downtown Area of Mianyang City, Sichuan Province

Concept, connotation and property of urban public space were interpreted, guidance of human settlement science for the construction of urban public space analyzed. Taking quality construction of public space in the downtown area of Mianyang City for example, this paper proposed that urban public space should be constructed from the perspective of human settlement to create positive spaces that satisfy human needs, ensure sustainable development of urban public spaces, and drive the development of a harmonious and prosperous city.

Towards Positivity:A Large-Scale Diachronic Sentiment Analysis of the Humanities and Social Sciences in China

With its rising number of publications and expanding international collaborations,China's humanities and social sciences(HSS)research is displaying its potential for global prominence.Researchers have been exploring the development of China's HSS from different perspectives.However,the examinations from the perspective of sentiment analysis are scanty.Our aim is then to examine the sentiment features in Chinese HSS academic writing,by analyzing a large-scale corpus with over 275 million characters and with a time span from 2000 to 2020.Considering that most studies only focused on abstracts,we examined both the abstracts and the full texts,as well as a direct comparison between them.We found that Chinese HSS academic writing has evolved to be more positively biased in the past two decades,showing an upward trend in the use of positive words and a slight downward trend in the use of negative words.However,the upward trend of positive words in the full texts is not that clear,resembling a fluctuating pattern.Regarding the comparison,the abstracts are more likely to use positive words while the full texts tend to use more negative words.These phenomena can be explained with the social cognitive theory,in that they may be shaped by a joint force of the nature of human beings,the nature of language,the particular socio-cultural background in China and the features of the academic genre.

The Difference in Cognition Consistency Between the Sciences and Humanities

It is reasonable that the strict sciences represented by mathematics, physics and chemistry have nearly been a kind of substitutional belief of humans after "the Death of God". To conclude theoretically, the significant attraction or the extremely great power of science is, in a word, the validity of thinking and action. From the viewpoint of human action or prac-

A Discourse on Human Settlements in Line with Scientiic View of Development

The primary theoretical framework of the Sciences of Human Settlements was established based on the researches and practices for decades. Nowadays, it is facing a new start in order to face the challenges of "transformation" and "restructuring" amid the process of urbanization. It means that, in both the theoretical and practical fields of the Sciences of Human Settlements, due attention should be paid to the discussions on urbanization strategies, the rethinking on balanced urban-rural development, the extension and integration of various disciplines, and the realization of experimental projects in various localities. The Sciences of Human Settlements should be more closely connected with related sciences and technologies and learn more from the traditional "Chinese wisdom," so as to establish the system of "Grand Science, Grand Humanism and Grand Arts." The practice of the Sciences of Human Settlements should highlight the integration of both strategies and methodologies, the completion of institutions, and the monitoring at the macro-level. Both the top-down strategic planning and design and the bottom-up comprehensive community construction are necessary. Now that the times of great transition brings us an opportunity to solve problems creatively, the Sciences of Human Settlements should be further researched and explored.

Urbanization Quality and Human Settlement Construction

Based on the gains and losses learned from the experience of the world urbanization over the last two centuries,this paper first of all evaluates China's urbanization quality at both the provincial and municipal levels. It then puts forward connotations of the new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics which concern five aspects: the people-oriented principle,the interactions among industrialization,informatization,urbanization,and agricultural modernization,ecological civilization,rational layout,and culture promotion. It further predicts the economic and urbanization growth rates,the proportions of the primary,secondary,and tertiary industries,and the migrant population in future from the perspectives of the baseline,optimistic,and stable development scenarios,proposing that the Sciences of Human Settlements will play an important role in the process of the new-type urbanization.

Pedagogy and Ethics in Early Childhood Education and Care:A Danish Hermeneutic Inquiry

Purpose:This article provides an exploration of the internal relationship between ethics and pedagogy in early childhood education and care(ECEC).It aims at a clarification of the interrelationships between political and administrative government,the absence/presence of a pedagogical foundation,andtheneed foracodeofethics.Design/Approach/Methods:The overall approach is hermeneutic and combines interpretations of a narrative research project,a review of recent developments in ECEC in Denmark,and the search for a theoretical conceptualization of a pedagogical foundation for ECEC.Findings:ECEC as a pedagogical practice needs a pedagogical foundation.If a foundation is vivid and a clear reference for practice,a separate code of ethical conduct might be superfluous.Nevertheless,such a code can be indispensable if ECEC governance is outcome-oriented and reduces practicetotechnique.