A meiotic study of human semen specimens was carried out in 60 cases. Among them, 20 were normal controls, 20 suffered from infertility, and 20 had a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions. Of the cases of inferti...A meiotic study of human semen specimens was carried out in 60 cases. Among them, 20 were normal controls, 20 suffered from infertility, and 20 had a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions. Of the cases of infertility and abortion, 50% were found to hare numerical and / or structural chromosomal aberrations in spite of the normal blood karyotype. It is suggested that chromosomal aberrations may be the cause of sterility and abortion. The success rate of semen chromosome G-banding in the infertility, abortion and control groups was 70%, 55% and 25% respectively. The semen samples of three cases of heterozygous carriers with reciprocal chromosomal translocation were also studied. The ring quadrivalents were identified in all cases. The results may explain the recurrent abortions in these patients.展开更多
Aim: To study the changes in rheological properties, namely the parameters of the hysteresis loops and yield stress versus time for human semen after ejaculation. Methods: Ejaculates were obtained from volunteers and ...Aim: To study the changes in rheological properties, namely the parameters of the hysteresis loops and yield stress versus time for human semen after ejaculation. Methods: Ejaculates were obtained from volunteers and immediately put into the test cup of a Brookfield Programmable DV-11 Rheometer, by which the hysteresis loops and yield stress were determined. Results: (1) Yield stress values dropped down from more than 3000 mPa to 60 mPa in about 5 minutes after ejaculation; (2) The shape of the hysteresis loops of shear stress versus shear rate was changed from the counter-clockwise direction, that enclosed a large area, into the clockwise direction, that enclosed a very small area. Conclusion: Human ejaculate originally possesses semi-solid or visco-elastic body behavior and in 5 minutes after liquefaction, it becomes a thixotropic fluid or shearing thinning fluid with very low viscosity.展开更多
Aim： To investigate age-related inflammatory events in the male genital tract. Methods： In a total of 4 265 randomly collected patients attending the andrological outpatient clinic of the Center for Dermatology and ...Aim： To investigate age-related inflammatory events in the male genital tract. Methods： In a total of 4 265 randomly collected patients attending the andrological outpatient clinic of the Center for Dermatology and Andrology, University of Giessen, Germany, ejaculate volume, pH-value, sperm concentration, total and progressive sperm motility, concentration of polymorphonuclear （PMN） elastase, number of peroxidase-positive cells and fructose were measured and correlated with patient＇s age. Results： While ejaculate volume, motility and fructose all correlated negatively with age, sperm concentration, PMN elastase and the pH-value showed a positive correlation. The prevalence of male genital tract inflammation （as defined by PMN elastase 〉 250 ng/mL） and its severity increased significantly. PMN elastase did not correlate with sperm motility. Fructose as a marker of seminal vesicle function showed a significant negative relationship with the PMN elastase levels, the number of peroxidase-positive cells and sperm motility. Conclusion： The significant increases of PMN elastase levels as marker of male genital tract inflammation in older men appear to be indicative of age-related changes in local immunoregulatory mechanisms. Because there is no association of PMN elastase with sperm motility, a direct inhibitory effect of this enzyme can be excluded.展开更多
This article provides a brief overview of various approaches that may be utilized for the analysis of human semen test results. Reference intervals are the most widely used tool for the interpretation of clinical labo...This article provides a brief overview of various approaches that may be utilized for the analysis of human semen test results. Reference intervals are the most widely used tool for the interpretation of clinical laboratory results. Reference interval development has classically relied on concepts elaborated by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Expert Panel on Reference Values during the 1980s. These guidelines involve obtaining and classifying samples from a healthy population of at least 120 individuals and then identifying the outermost 5% of observations to use in defining limits for two-sided or one-sided reference intervals. More recently, decision limits based on epidemiological outcome analysis have also been introduced to aid in test interpretation. The reference population must be carefully defined on the basis of the intended clinical use of the underlying test. To determine appropriate reference intervals for use in male fertility assessment, a reference population of men with documented time to pregnancy of 〈 12 months would be most suitable. However, for epidemiological assessment of semen testing results, a reference population made up ofunselected healthy men would be preferred. Although reference and decision limits derived for individual semen analysis test results will undoubtedly be the interpretational tools of choice in the near future, in the long term, multivariate methods for the interpretation of semen analysis alone or in combination with information from the female partner seem to represent better means for assessing the likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy in a subfertile couple.展开更多
SF_1是正常人精浆经Sephadex G 100分离后得到的第一组分。将正常人血清和杂种小鼠混合血清作为补体来源,每份血清均以SF_1处理为实验组,并设不加SF_1的自身对照组,从下列实验中分别观察SF_1对补体系统的影响:1.CH_(50)试验证明,SF_1能...SF_1是正常人精浆经Sephadex G 100分离后得到的第一组分。将正常人血清和杂种小鼠混合血清作为补体来源,每份血清均以SF_1处理为实验组,并设不加SF_1的自身对照组,从下列实验中分别观察SF_1对补体系统的影响:1.CH_(50)试验证明,SF_1能抑制人血清中总补体活性(P<0.01);2.SF_1能抑制人血清中补体的溶血作用,并随血清中加入SF_1剂量的增加而抑制作用增强;3.利用YC 花环试验证实SF_1可抑制补体替代途径的激活;4.SF_1不影响用单向琼脂扩散试验测定中C_3、C_4的量,证明SF_1没有影响C_3、C_4的抗原性。上述实验结果提示:SF_1在体外实验中能抑制补体的活性,表现于对补体经典途径和替代途径激活的抑制。展开更多
文摘A meiotic study of human semen specimens was carried out in 60 cases. Among them, 20 were normal controls, 20 suffered from infertility, and 20 had a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions. Of the cases of infertility and abortion, 50% were found to hare numerical and / or structural chromosomal aberrations in spite of the normal blood karyotype. It is suggested that chromosomal aberrations may be the cause of sterility and abortion. The success rate of semen chromosome G-banding in the infertility, abortion and control groups was 70%, 55% and 25% respectively. The semen samples of three cases of heterozygous carriers with reciprocal chromosomal translocation were also studied. The ring quadrivalents were identified in all cases. The results may explain the recurrent abortions in these patients.
文摘Aim: To study the changes in rheological properties, namely the parameters of the hysteresis loops and yield stress versus time for human semen after ejaculation. Methods: Ejaculates were obtained from volunteers and immediately put into the test cup of a Brookfield Programmable DV-11 Rheometer, by which the hysteresis loops and yield stress were determined. Results: (1) Yield stress values dropped down from more than 3000 mPa to 60 mPa in about 5 minutes after ejaculation; (2) The shape of the hysteresis loops of shear stress versus shear rate was changed from the counter-clockwise direction, that enclosed a large area, into the clockwise direction, that enclosed a very small area. Conclusion: Human ejaculate originally possesses semi-solid or visco-elastic body behavior and in 5 minutes after liquefaction, it becomes a thixotropic fluid or shearing thinning fluid with very low viscosity.
文摘Aim： To investigate age-related inflammatory events in the male genital tract. Methods： In a total of 4 265 randomly collected patients attending the andrological outpatient clinic of the Center for Dermatology and Andrology, University of Giessen, Germany, ejaculate volume, pH-value, sperm concentration, total and progressive sperm motility, concentration of polymorphonuclear （PMN） elastase, number of peroxidase-positive cells and fructose were measured and correlated with patient＇s age. Results： While ejaculate volume, motility and fructose all correlated negatively with age, sperm concentration, PMN elastase and the pH-value showed a positive correlation. The prevalence of male genital tract inflammation （as defined by PMN elastase 〉 250 ng/mL） and its severity increased significantly. PMN elastase did not correlate with sperm motility. Fructose as a marker of seminal vesicle function showed a significant negative relationship with the PMN elastase levels, the number of peroxidase-positive cells and sperm motility. Conclusion： The significant increases of PMN elastase levels as marker of male genital tract inflammation in older men appear to be indicative of age-related changes in local immunoregulatory mechanisms. Because there is no association of PMN elastase with sperm motility, a direct inhibitory effect of this enzyme can be excluded.
文摘This article provides a brief overview of various approaches that may be utilized for the analysis of human semen test results. Reference intervals are the most widely used tool for the interpretation of clinical laboratory results. Reference interval development has classically relied on concepts elaborated by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Expert Panel on Reference Values during the 1980s. These guidelines involve obtaining and classifying samples from a healthy population of at least 120 individuals and then identifying the outermost 5% of observations to use in defining limits for two-sided or one-sided reference intervals. More recently, decision limits based on epidemiological outcome analysis have also been introduced to aid in test interpretation. The reference population must be carefully defined on the basis of the intended clinical use of the underlying test. To determine appropriate reference intervals for use in male fertility assessment, a reference population of men with documented time to pregnancy of 〈 12 months would be most suitable. However, for epidemiological assessment of semen testing results, a reference population made up ofunselected healthy men would be preferred. Although reference and decision limits derived for individual semen analysis test results will undoubtedly be the interpretational tools of choice in the near future, in the long term, multivariate methods for the interpretation of semen analysis alone or in combination with information from the female partner seem to represent better means for assessing the likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy in a subfertile couple.
文摘SF_1是正常人精浆经Sephadex G 100分离后得到的第一组分。将正常人血清和杂种小鼠混合血清作为补体来源,每份血清均以SF_1处理为实验组,并设不加SF_1的自身对照组,从下列实验中分别观察SF_1对补体系统的影响:1.CH_(50)试验证明,SF_1能抑制人血清中总补体活性(P<0.01);2.SF_1能抑制人血清中补体的溶血作用,并随血清中加入SF_1剂量的增加而抑制作用增强;3.利用YC 花环试验证实SF_1可抑制补体替代途径的激活;4.SF_1不影响用单向琼脂扩散试验测定中C_3、C_4的量,证明SF_1没有影响C_3、C_4的抗原性。上述实验结果提示:SF_1在体外实验中能抑制补体的活性,表现于对补体经典途径和替代途径激活的抑制。
