Changes in human settlement environments and their drivers in valley cities located in arid and semi-arid regions:A case study of Lanzhou in Western China

Development of urban human settlement environments(HSEs)is an integral part of promoting high-quality and sustainable regional development and constructing a beautiful China.The city of Lanzhou,located at the geometric center of China,is the only provincial capital traversed by the Yellow River.Given the constraints posed by the valley topography and the need for economic development,the development of this HSE,which is located within an arid region,poses considerable challenges.Evidently,an understanding of the evolution of HSEs and drivers of changes in them contributes to high-quality,sustainable urban development in arid and semi-arid regions.An analytical model was developed using the parameters of relief degree of land surface,human comfort days,the land cover index,nighttime light index,and precipitation.This model was used in combination with population density and the gross domestic product to analyze the spatial distribution of Lanzhou's HSE and its drivers.The results showed that landscapes in Lanzhou underwent significant changes between 2000 and 2022,with an increase in building-up land(+0.946%),cultivated land(+0.134%),and forest land(+0.018%)and a decrease in grassland(-1.10%).There was significant outward expansion of the main urban zone of Lanzhou and of various county towns,with the increase in building-up land being most prominent.During this period,there were significant changes in the periphery of the core urban area and county towns in Lanzhou,with decreases moving from the urban center(the highest value)to the surrounding areas(Yongdeng County had the lowest value).The correlation between the HSE and population density grew stronger in Anning and Chengguan Districts but became weaker in Xigu and Qilihe Districts.Spatiotemporal variations in the HSE were primarily caused by climate change,followed by human activities,and were also influenced by the valley topography.Overall,the spatial distribution of population density and the HSE in Lanzhou demonstrated good consistency under the in-fluence of economic development and urbanization.

Reflections on the Improvement of Rural Human Settlement Environment from the Perspective of Beauty and Livability

The construction of beautiful and livable villages is one of the important tasks of ruralrevitalization in the new era, and the development of rural areas attaches more and more importanceto the improvement of human settlement environment. By investigating the construction status andexisting problems of Zhaoba Village in Nanjing, it tries to take “beauty” and “livability” as the planningrequirements. The village positioning is planned accurately, and the functional layout is carried outreasonably. According to the characteristic industries, landscape features and infrastructure of ZhaobaVillage, humanized construction strategies are put forward, thus improving the quality of human settlementenvironment in Zhaoba Village.

Protection and Management for Ancient Villages from the Perspective of Human Settlement Environment——A Case Study of Xichong Village,Sikou Town,Wuyuan County

As urbanization continues, traditional villages are confronted by the conflict between protection and development, especially for ancient villages in living envi- ronment. China landscape is so vast, dominated by rural areas. Human settlement environment of ancient villages is so important for studying domestic human settle- ment environment, including ancient structure analysis and eco-resource organization. The research explored Xichong Village, Sikou Town, Wuyuan County and detailed how to improve its environment, providing references for ancient village development in settlement environment.

Difficulties and Countermeasures of Rural Human Settlement Environment Governance in Tianjin

The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human settlement environment governance of Tianjin is faced with many difficulties,such as imperfect village construction planning,poor use effect of sewage facilities,low participation of farmers,and insufficient financial investment.Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as scientific planning and overall consideration,innovating financing mechanism,encouraging diversified investment of funds,and strengthening the publicity of rural human settlement environment governance.

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for "Village-in-City"

The construction of human settlement environment is one of the important contents in the domain of sustainable development. We try to annotate human settlement environment for "village- in-city" from the angle of fringe view. According to the macro-system thought of human settlement environment science, the evolvement, which can be generalized into four phases, connotation and problems (including social, economic, and environmental problems) of "village-in-city" are discussed primarily in this paper. Some domestic and international researches and practices are also summarized and assessed in the paper. Based on the analysis, some appropriate clues and suggestions for the construction of "village-in-city" have been put forward.

Uncertainty evaluation of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy in Changsha city

The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quanti- tative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment.

Natural environment suitability for human settlements in China based on GIS

With the degeneration of environment and acceleration of urbanization,human environment has attracted great attention worldwide.This paper sets up the Human Settlements Environment Index(HEI) model and evaluates the natural environment suitability for Human Settlements in China based on GIS technology.The results show that the HEI of China decreases from southeast to northwest in general,HEI is significantly correlated with population density at grid size and the correlation coefficient(r) between them reaches 0.93,which indicates that natural environment suitability for Human Settlements has a significant influence on population distribution.Most people in China mainly concentrate in areas with high natural environment suitability.The total suitable area is 430.47×104 km2,which accounts for nearly 45% of the total land area in China,while the proportion of people living in the area reaches 96.56%.With a population density of 18 people per square kilometer,the critical area is the transitional region for people to live in China.The critical area covers 225.11×104 km2 with a population of 41.12 million.The non-suitable area covers 304.42×104 km2 with a population of only 2.49 million.

Human Settlement Analysis Based on Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Data： A Case Study of Xuzhou City, China

To evaluate urban human settlement, we propose a human settlement environment development index(HSEDI) model by choosing vegetation coverage, land surface temperature, impervious surfaces, slope, wetness, and water condition as the evaluation factors. We applied the proposed model to Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper(TM) images from 1998 to 2010 and digital elevation model(DEM) data with a 30-m resolution were used to calculate the values of the six evaluation factors. The HSEDI value in Xuzhou City was found to be between 2.24 and 8.10 from 1998 to 2010, and it was further divided into five levels, uninhabitable, moderately uninhabitable, generally inhabitable, moderately inhabitable, and inhabitable. The best HSEDI value was in 2007. The generally inhabitable region was about 100.98 km^2, covering 30.87% of the total area in 2007; the moderately inhabitable region was about 170.58 km2 covering 52.15% of the total area; the inhabitable region was about 32.03 km^2, covering 9.79% of the total area; the percentage of the uninhabitable region was zero; and that of the moderately uninhabitable region was very small, less than 1.00%. Moreover, we analyzed the habitability in the respect of spatial patterns and change detection. Results show that the degraded regions of habitability quality are mainly located in the urban fringe and the improved regions are mainly located in the main urban and rural areas. Reason for the degraded habitability quality is the rapid progress of urbanization. However, the increase in urban green spaces and the construction of the main urban area promoted the improved habitability quality. Besides, we further analyzed socio-economic and socio-demographic data to confirm the results of the habitability analysis. The results indicate that the human settlement in Xuzhou City is in a satisfactory condition, but some efforts should be made to control the possible uninhabitable and moderately uninhabitable regions, and to improve the quality of the generally inhabitable regions.

Analysis of the Choice of Return Mechanism of PPP Model in Rural Human Settlement Improvement under the Rural Revitalization Strat­egy:Research Based on the Perspective of Evolutionary Game

The improvement of rural human settlement environment is a significant direction of the rural revitalization strategy.Based on the finite rational evolutionary game theory,a cooperative behavior evolutionary game model of rural human settlement environment improvement PPP model with local government,social capital and rural residents as the main game players with the reward mechanism of Government Payment and one with the reward mechanism of Viability Gap Funding are constructed.Comparing the total project revenue of two reward mechanisms,the thesis will obtain the effects of choosing the reward mechanism of rural human settlement improvement PPP.Finally,available suggestions are made to the decision of the reward mechanism of PPP project about rural human settlement environment,thus promoting the application and development of PPP in rural environmental management and to promote sustainable improvement of rural habitat improvement.

Human settlement's social network analysis based on spatial trend surface model:a case study of Chongqing Municipality

Integrated with GIS and remote sensing(RS) technology,a systematic analysis and its methodology for human-settlements social environment has been introduced.This methodology has been called spatial trend field model(STFM).STFM's application history in the field of human-settlements social environment has been discussed at first.Then,some index data models have been created through STFM,which include population density trend field,human activity strength trend field,city-town spatial density trend field,urbanization ratio trend field,road density trend field,GDP spatial density trend field and PER-GDP spatial density trend field.With all above-mentioned indexes as input data,through Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm(ISODATA),this paper makes a verification study of Chongqing municipality.The result of the case study confirms that STFM methodology is credible and has high efficiency for regional human-settlements study.

基于GIS的滇中地区人居环境适宜性评价

科学评估人居环境适宜性,有助于城市可持续发展,实现人类活动与自然环境和谐共处。研究基于地理信息系统(GIS)技术,以1 km×1 km栅格为基本研究单元,构建了滇中地区地形、水文、植被、气候单要素和综合人居环境适宜性评价模型与标准,从空间上定量评价了滇中地区的人居环境适宜性空间分布特征。研究表明:(1)从自然单要素的适宜性评价结果来看,气候、水文和地被的适宜性评价结果均以比较适宜为主;而地形是该区域人居环境适宜性的主要限制要素,且在空间上分区比较破碎,以一般适宜地区为主,主要分布在区域的西部和北部。(2)从人居环境适宜性综合评价结果来看,整体的人居环境状况较好,空间上呈片状分布的特征,临界适宜和一般适宜地区区域点总面积的80%以上;昆明市的不适宜地区面积占比最高,高度适宜地区面积较小但多数分布在楚雄州,曲靖市整体的人居环境状况最好。(3)结合人口数量和密度空间分布数据来看,人口分布与人居环境适宜性在空间分布上存在较高一致性,滇中地区近90%的人分布在临界适宜、一般适宜和比较适宜地区。

Evaluation on the human settlements environment suitability in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing based on RS and GIS

To explore geographical differences in quantitative characteristics and spatial pattern of human settlements environmental suitability （HSES） in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA）, terrain, climate, hydrology, vegetation and other natural factors were selected to build the livable environmental evaluation, and the quantitative analysis was conducted through Remote Sensing（RS） and Geographic Informational System （GIS） to reveal geo- graphical characteristics and spatial patterns of HSES. The results are obtained as follows： （1） inhabitants of the TGRA of Chongqing are concentrated in the area with moderate h.igh HSES, which is 78% of the total population distributed in 48% of the study area; （2） the HSES is closely related to the terrain, and it forms an arc-banded spatial succession pattern： relatively low in the northeast and the southeast while comparatively high in the west and the south; （3） large numbers of people are distributed in the area with low suitability （with higher population density than the average of the western China）, but economic development level in these areas is quite low. Moreover, these areas are ecological sensitive and fragile, many kinds of eco-environmental problems have been caused by human activities. Therefore, population migration and layout are reasonable options for the development of these areas.

人居环境满意度对农户生活垃圾分类行为的影响——基于环境关注度的中介效应

【目的/意义】推动农村生活垃圾源头分类是深化农村人居环境整治的关键,通过分析农户人居满意度对其生活垃圾分类行为的影响及内在机制,为激发农户参与生活垃圾分类的内生动力提供理论依据。【方法/过程】基于课题组2022年1—3月以及2023年6—7月在福建省福州、泉州、漳州、宁德、莆田和三明6市114个村庄收集的563户农户微观调查数据,运用二元Logit模型和有序Logit模型分别分析人居环境满意度对农户生活垃圾分类行为和环境关注度的影响效应,使用KHB中介效应模型研究人居环境满意度通过环境关注度对农户生活垃圾分类行为的间接影响机理。【结果/结论】结果表明:人居环境满意度显著提高环境关注度并促进农户的生活垃圾分类行为;环境关注度在农户人居环境满意度和生活垃圾分类行为之间起到中介作用;年龄、面子观念和地区是农户生活垃圾分类行为的显著影响因素;受教育程度和地区影响农户对环境信息的关注。据此提出将农户满意纳入农村人居环境整治工作推进机制、以提升农户环境关注度为关键、分类施教精准施策等建议。

政府助推乡村人居环境治理内驱力实现路径研究——以湘潭市雨湖区“和美乡村”建设为例

乡村人居环境治理是政府辅助村民治理的动态呈现。湘潭市雨湖区“和美乡村”建设是人居环境治理的典型范例,以长效性的思维形成乡村人居环境治理逻辑,探索出一条政府助推人居环境治理内驱力的可借鉴路径,形成其独特经验,为乡村人居环境治理提供实践参考。

西部地区新农村人居环境再修复模式的研究与分析

农村人居环境的优劣是衡量农民生活品质的重要标志。随着新农村建设的深入,农民在经济水平提高的同时,也开始关注农村人居环境的质量,他们对居住地的各种设施水平、居住环境的安全性、舒适度、便捷性、归属感等内容都有了更深层次的认知。本研究以西部地区新农村为对象,从居民情况、新村建设情况、人居环境满意度等方面对人居环境优化过程中出现的问题进行调研,探寻其产生的根源,为下一阶段的新农村建设和改造提供依据和借鉴。

人居生态环境评价中的生态辐射模型研究——以深圳市龙岗区为例

当前研究者往往是把生态用地质量评价同人居环境质量评价各自分隔开来进行研究,而没能很好的把二者结合起来.本研究将生态辐射的概念引入人居生态环境评价中,利用GIS技术构建了生态辐射模型,并以深圳市龙岗区为例进行了分析.在生态辐射模型中将城市用地分为生态用地和建设用地两类,以建设用地作为人居用地来进行研究.对不同大小的生态用地斑块提出不同的服务半径,作为生态用地的辐射范围,其大小决定于生态用地的斑块大小和土地类型.模型计算结果显示,生态用地分布较为均匀的坪地街道,其森林覆盖率虽然比大鹏街道要低,但生态辐射强度值却略高于后者,这说明本研究建立的生态辐射模型有一定的合理性,能够反映生态用地分布均匀程度对人居环境的影响,为人居生态环境研究提供了新的思路.

我国农村人居环境研究进展

在城乡一体化和新农村建设的大背景下,通过大量文献资料的收集阅读,简要回顾了人居环境在我国的发展历程,并通过案例分析重点介绍了我国农村人居环境问题的调查研究进展以及农村人居环境质量评价的方法,综述了我国农村人居环境研究的发展现状。

竹类植物的主要环境效应研究进展

随着人居环境的恶化,人类更加关注环境对自身身心健康的影响。竹类植物不仅能够保护、美化以及改善环境,它的生态环境功能还能促进人类的生理与心理健康。针对目前环境科学研究中的一些热点问题,从改善小气候环境、净化空气、释放空气负离子、固碳释氧等方面对近年来竹类植物的主要环境效应研究的进展进行了综述,提出扩大竹类植物环境效应定量实验研究对象的范围;改进竹类植物环境效应定量实验的研究方法;建立竹类植物生态环境服务的评价体系等是将来的重点研究方向。

城市色彩环境问题的探讨

该文从色彩的基本作用、影响因素出发,通过对典型实例的分析探讨了城市色彩中存在的一些问题,并提出了城市色彩规划的方法。

基于人居环境建设的农村环境教育模式研究——以衡阳市珠晖区酃湖乡双江村为例

通过对双江村农户环境需求现状的分析,结合乡村人居环境建设与农村环境教育的关系,构建了农村环境教育"三目标、三载体、三结合"的三三模式。该模式以乡村人居环境建设的主体、内容和过程为载体,通过多种途径对农户进行环境知识、环境意识和环境行为的教育,实现农村环境教育内容的具体化、环境教育主体的多元化和环境教育过程的同步化。通过参与乡村人居环境建设,在建设过程中接受环境教育,实现三大转变:即用系统的理念,实现单一的解决农村环境教育问题向全面的乡村人居环境建设转变;创新环境教育模式,实现由说教式向多元化的参与式转变;提高农户社区意识,实现传统意义的农民向现代意义的农民转变。