The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficultie...The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.展开更多
The construction of beautiful and livable villages is one of the important tasks of ruralrevitalization in the new era, and the development of rural areas attaches more and more importanceto the improvement of human s...The construction of beautiful and livable villages is one of the important tasks of ruralrevitalization in the new era, and the development of rural areas attaches more and more importanceto the improvement of human settlement environment. By investigating the construction status andexisting problems of Zhaoba Village in Nanjing, it tries to take “beauty” and “livability” as the planningrequirements. The village positioning is planned accurately, and the functional layout is carried outreasonably. According to the characteristic industries, landscape features and infrastructure of ZhaobaVillage, humanized construction strategies are put forward, thus improving the quality of human settlementenvironment in Zhaoba Village.展开更多
Urban geography has always been concerned about the influence of human settlements on urban vitality,but few studies reveal the influence of human settlements on urban vitality at a micro-scale.This paper analyzes the...Urban geography has always been concerned about the influence of human settlements on urban vitality,but few studies reveal the influence of human settlements on urban vitality at a micro-scale.This paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of human settlements’quality and urban vitality at the micro-scale using Geodetectors and geographic weighted regression to analyze the relationship between human settlements and urban vitality.The results are shown as follows:there is still a significant development space for human settlements quality in Shahekou District,with obvious spatial dependence characteristics and significant gaps between various systems;the urban vitality of Shahekou District has obvious timeliness,and the urban vitality undergoes significant changes over time,which is related to the human settlements quality.The spatial distribution presents a single core spatial distribution structure with strong relative stability.The spatial distribution of cold and hot spots shows a pattern of“high in the north and low in the south,high in the east and low in the west”,with an increasing trend from southwest to northeast;the reachability of public transport has a significant impact on urban vitality.Its synergy with other variables is the leading force forming the spatial distribution of urban vitality.The environmental system,support system and social system are the significant factors affecting the urban vitality of Shahekou District.展开更多
Human settlement resources belong to tourist resources in a broad sense. Rural areas with excellent human settlements have become favorable tourist destinations. From the perspective of human settlement science, touri...Human settlement resources belong to tourist resources in a broad sense. Rural areas with excellent human settlements have become favorable tourist destinations. From the perspective of human settlement science, tourism attraction system model can be established by factors of harmony of rural ecology, harmony of rural life, harmony of rural production and harmony of rural culture. Concrete strategies for improving rural tourism attractiveness based on science of human settlements were proposed from the perspectives of optimization of ecological environment, education of original residents, upgrading of agricultural landscapes and products, and construction of rural tourism culture.展开更多
Ancient village as a precious historical and cultural heritage of China is hailed as the "eco-museum" of classical folk cultures and "living fossil" of rural history culture. This paper elaborated ...Ancient village as a precious historical and cultural heritage of China is hailed as the "eco-museum" of classical folk cultures and "living fossil" of rural history culture. This paper elaborated human settlement characteristics of ancient Dongyuan Zengs' Village, Jinxi County from the perspectives of village environment, history evolution, village layout and village building, and explored the substantial content of village human settlement protection, and proposed specifi c approaches of protecting the human settlement, such as ancient village layout, history and culture, and provided references for protecting human settlement of the ancient villages.展开更多
Climate is one important environmental variable that affects human life.As the regions along the Belt and Road(B&R)encompass vast territories and large populations,it is significant to assess climate suitability f...Climate is one important environmental variable that affects human life.As the regions along the Belt and Road(B&R)encompass vast territories and large populations,it is significant to assess climate suitability for human settlements,which will influence the migration of various surrounding countries.We selected seven regions including 65 countries along the B&R for the research area and adopted the temperature-humidity index(THI),to assess the climate suitability.We analyzed the spatial characteristics of THI and the correlation between population distribution and THI,the results of which enabled us to adjust the THI classification criteria.We finally assessed the climate suitability of each region.The results reveal that outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the THI values generally tend to decrease from west to east as longitude increases and downward with increasing latitude.The population distribution is significantly correlated with the THI.Regions with relative suitable climate,including high suitability areas(HASs),moderately suitable areas(MSAs)and low suitability areas(LSAs),account for 50.62%of the total area and encompass in excess of 90%of total population.These areas are widely distributed in the southern regions of 45°N latitude,again with the exception of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Critical suitable area includes 19.48%of the entire area and 8.98%of total population.The non-suitable area accounts for less than 30%of total area,concentrated in the cold high-latitude and high-altitude areas.展开更多
The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human set...The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human settlement environment governance of Tianjin is faced with many difficulties,such as imperfect village construction planning,poor use effect of sewage facilities,low participation of farmers,and insufficient financial investment.Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as scientific planning and overall consideration,innovating financing mechanism,encouraging diversified investment of funds,and strengthening the publicity of rural human settlement environment governance.展开更多
Based on the data of rural human settlements in Licheng District of Jinan City in 2016,the evaluation system of rural human settlements composed of four subsystems( social economy,infrastructure,public environment,an...Based on the data of rural human settlements in Licheng District of Jinan City in 2016,the evaluation system of rural human settlements composed of four subsystems( social economy,infrastructure,public environment,and construction management) was constructed. According to the comprehensive scores of various administrative villages calculated by means of multi-index comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the human settlements of 521 administrative villages in Licheng District were divided into four types: excellent,good,average,and poor. Moreover,the spatial differences in the evaluation results of rural human settlements were analyzed using GIS spatial analysis technology. Finally,based on the evaluation results of rural human settlements in Licheng District,some measures to improve and control rural human settlements in different types of villages at various development stages were proposed to fully improve the quality of rural human settlements.展开更多
It is one of the major tasks to achieve sustainable human settlement for China's socioeconomic development within the coming century The sustainable development of human settlements is closely related to the devel...It is one of the major tasks to achieve sustainable human settlement for China's socioeconomic development within the coming century The sustainable development of human settlements is closely related to the development of the economy, the utilization of natural resources and environmental protection As a developing country China is facing a series of issues to achieve the sustainable human settlement, which should be rationally laid out with comprehensive facilities convenient for working and living, and which have clean, quiet and comfortable environments The policy of reform and opening to the outside world have accelerated national social and economic development and promoted urban development in China The rural population is continuously flowing into the cities and towns in increasing numbers Therefore, it is necessary not only to continue to improve the housing standards for the current urban population, but also to meet the needs of the newcomers The movement of great numbers of people and the increased circulation off goods and materials, combined with an increase in the number of motor vehicles, has meant that traffic problems are becoming a major issue in the development of human settlements The infrastructure is under pressures from the growth in urban population and from rising production and living standards The shortage of natural resources is another challenge to be faced in developing human settlements in China A low technological level and the improper use of resources has aggravated the severity of the problem In cities, the amount of land currently being used for industrial purposes is relatively high as compared with other land uses Approximately 70 percent of industries are located in the cities and in many areas, factories and housing are intermixed, a major factor affecting the environment of urban residential areas The taking up of arable land by the village and township enterprises is another serious problem Settlements in towns and villages are also under the threat from various types of environmental pollution This paper is trying to summarise and identify the major issues, to promote the possible polices and strategies, and to argue the requirements and activities of sciences and technology for achieving China's sustainable human settlement展开更多
The construction of human settlement environment is one of the important contents in the domain of sustainable development. We try to annotate human settlement environment for "village- in-city" from the ang...The construction of human settlement environment is one of the important contents in the domain of sustainable development. We try to annotate human settlement environment for "village- in-city" from the angle of fringe view. According to the macro-system thought of human settlement environment science, the evolvement, which can be generalized into four phases, connotation and problems (including social, economic, and environmental problems) of "village-in-city" are discussed primarily in this paper. Some domestic and international researches and practices are also summarized and assessed in the paper. Based on the analysis, some appropriate clues and suggestions for the construction of "village-in-city" have been put forward.展开更多
Concept, connotation and property of urban public space were interpreted, guidance of human settlement science for the construction of urban public space analyzed. Taking quality construction of public space in the do...Concept, connotation and property of urban public space were interpreted, guidance of human settlement science for the construction of urban public space analyzed. Taking quality construction of public space in the downtown area of Mianyang City for example, this paper proposed that urban public space should be constructed from the perspective of human settlement to create positive spaces that satisfy human needs, ensure sustainable development of urban public spaces, and drive the development of a harmonious and prosperous city.展开更多
The climatic environment,landscape environment and settlement environment of traditional mountainous human settlements in Mentougou of west Beijing are summarized.Based on the analysis from the perspective of water ad...The climatic environment,landscape environment and settlement environment of traditional mountainous human settlements in Mentougou of west Beijing are summarized.Based on the analysis from the perspective of water adaptability,the spatial database of water adaptability of traditional mountainous human settlements in Mentougou of west Beijing is constructed,and the experience of water adaptability construction of settlement location,irrigation and water conservancy,flood control and soil fixation in river beach and gully areas is summarized.The landscape system of water adaptability of traditional mountainous human settlements in Mentougou of west Beijing embodies the typical wisdom of water adaptability construction contained in traditional mountainous human settlements,and has high reference value in the related research of water adaptability.展开更多
The improvement of rural human settlement environment is a significant direction of the rural revitalization strategy.Based on the finite rational evolutionary game theory,a cooperative behavior evolutionary game mode...The improvement of rural human settlement environment is a significant direction of the rural revitalization strategy.Based on the finite rational evolutionary game theory,a cooperative behavior evolutionary game model of rural human settlement environment improvement PPP model with local government,social capital and rural residents as the main game players with the reward mechanism of Government Payment and one with the reward mechanism of Viability Gap Funding are constructed.Comparing the total project revenue of two reward mechanisms,the thesis will obtain the effects of choosing the reward mechanism of rural human settlement improvement PPP.Finally,available suggestions are made to the decision of the reward mechanism of PPP project about rural human settlement environment,thus promoting the application and development of PPP in rural environmental management and to promote sustainable improvement of rural habitat improvement.展开更多
Integrated with GIS and remote sensing(RS) technology,a systematic analysis and its methodology for human-settlements social environment has been introduced.This methodology has been called spatial trend field model(S...Integrated with GIS and remote sensing(RS) technology,a systematic analysis and its methodology for human-settlements social environment has been introduced.This methodology has been called spatial trend field model(STFM).STFM's application history in the field of human-settlements social environment has been discussed at first.Then,some index data models have been created through STFM,which include population density trend field,human activity strength trend field,city-town spatial density trend field,urbanization ratio trend field,road density trend field,GDP spatial density trend field and PER-GDP spatial density trend field.With all above-mentioned indexes as input data,through Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm(ISODATA),this paper makes a verification study of Chongqing municipality.The result of the case study confirms that STFM methodology is credible and has high efficiency for regional human-settlements study.展开更多
The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has rendered numerous landslides to a global natural disaster issue.It is crucial to rapidly and accurately determine the boundaries of landslides for geohazards evalu...The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has rendered numerous landslides to a global natural disaster issue.It is crucial to rapidly and accurately determine the boundaries of landslides for geohazards evaluation and emergency response.Therefore,the Skip Connection DeepLab neural network(SCDnn),a deep learning model based on 770 optical remote sensing images of landslide,is proposed to improve the accuracy of landslide boundary detection.The SCDnn model is optimized for the over-segmentation issue which occurs in conventional deep learning models when there is a significant degree of similarity between topographical geomorphic features.SCDnn exhibits notable improvements in landslide feature extraction and semantic segmentation by combining an enhanced Atrous Spatial Pyramid Convolutional Block(ASPC)with a coding structure that reduces model complexity.The experimental results demonstrate that SCDnn can identify landslide boundaries in 119 images with MIoU values between 0.8and 0.9;while 52 images with MIoU values exceeding 0.9,which exceeds the identification accuracy of existing techniques.This work can offer a novel technique for the automatic extensive identification of landslide boundaries in remote sensing images in addition to establishing the groundwork for future inve stigations and applications in related domains.展开更多
文摘The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
文摘The construction of beautiful and livable villages is one of the important tasks of ruralrevitalization in the new era, and the development of rural areas attaches more and more importanceto the improvement of human settlement environment. By investigating the construction status andexisting problems of Zhaoba Village in Nanjing, it tries to take “beauty” and “livability” as the planningrequirements. The village positioning is planned accurately, and the functional layout is carried outreasonably. According to the characteristic industries, landscape features and infrastructure of ZhaobaVillage, humanized construction strategies are put forward, thus improving the quality of human settlementenvironment in Zhaoba Village.
文摘Urban geography has always been concerned about the influence of human settlements on urban vitality,but few studies reveal the influence of human settlements on urban vitality at a micro-scale.This paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of human settlements’quality and urban vitality at the micro-scale using Geodetectors and geographic weighted regression to analyze the relationship between human settlements and urban vitality.The results are shown as follows:there is still a significant development space for human settlements quality in Shahekou District,with obvious spatial dependence characteristics and significant gaps between various systems;the urban vitality of Shahekou District has obvious timeliness,and the urban vitality undergoes significant changes over time,which is related to the human settlements quality.The spatial distribution presents a single core spatial distribution structure with strong relative stability.The spatial distribution of cold and hot spots shows a pattern of“high in the north and low in the south,high in the east and low in the west”,with an increasing trend from southwest to northeast;the reachability of public transport has a significant impact on urban vitality.Its synergy with other variables is the leading force forming the spatial distribution of urban vitality.The environmental system,support system and social system are the significant factors affecting the urban vitality of Shahekou District.
基金Supported by Young Teachers Support Program of Colleges and Universities Blue Project launched by Jiangsu Provincial Department of EducationPhilosophical and Social Science Program of Universities and Colleges in Jiangsu:Study on Integrated Urban Construction and Tourism Development in South JiangsuJiangsu Provincial Social Science Research Program:Study on the Coupling Development of Livable City Construction and Tourism Industry in Jiangsu
文摘Human settlement resources belong to tourist resources in a broad sense. Rural areas with excellent human settlements have become favorable tourist destinations. From the perspective of human settlement science, tourism attraction system model can be established by factors of harmony of rural ecology, harmony of rural life, harmony of rural production and harmony of rural culture. Concrete strategies for improving rural tourism attractiveness based on science of human settlements were proposed from the perspectives of optimization of ecological environment, education of original residents, upgrading of agricultural landscapes and products, and construction of rural tourism culture.
基金Sponsored by Jiangxi Provincial Art and Social Science ProgramJiangxi Provincial Soft Science Research Program(20131562040003)
文摘Ancient village as a precious historical and cultural heritage of China is hailed as the "eco-museum" of classical folk cultures and "living fossil" of rural history culture. This paper elaborated human settlement characteristics of ancient Dongyuan Zengs' Village, Jinxi County from the perspectives of village environment, history evolution, village layout and village building, and explored the substantial content of village human settlement protection, and proposed specifi c approaches of protecting the human settlement, such as ancient village layout, history and culture, and provided references for protecting human settlement of the ancient villages.
基金Under the auspices of the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA20010203,XDA20010201)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2019QZKK1006)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CAS2020055)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41901086)。
文摘Climate is one important environmental variable that affects human life.As the regions along the Belt and Road(B&R)encompass vast territories and large populations,it is significant to assess climate suitability for human settlements,which will influence the migration of various surrounding countries.We selected seven regions including 65 countries along the B&R for the research area and adopted the temperature-humidity index(THI),to assess the climate suitability.We analyzed the spatial characteristics of THI and the correlation between population distribution and THI,the results of which enabled us to adjust the THI classification criteria.We finally assessed the climate suitability of each region.The results reveal that outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the THI values generally tend to decrease from west to east as longitude increases and downward with increasing latitude.The population distribution is significantly correlated with the THI.Regions with relative suitable climate,including high suitability areas(HASs),moderately suitable areas(MSAs)and low suitability areas(LSAs),account for 50.62%of the total area and encompass in excess of 90%of total population.These areas are widely distributed in the southern regions of 45°N latitude,again with the exception of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Critical suitable area includes 19.48%of the entire area and 8.98%of total population.The non-suitable area accounts for less than 30%of total area,concentrated in the cold high-latitude and high-altitude areas.
基金Supported by 2019 University Students in Tianjin Innovation Training Program Project"Investigation and Research on Rural Living Environment in Xiqing District"(201910061080)
文摘The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human settlement environment governance of Tianjin is faced with many difficulties,such as imperfect village construction planning,poor use effect of sewage facilities,low participation of farmers,and insufficient financial investment.Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as scientific planning and overall consideration,innovating financing mechanism,encouraging diversified investment of funds,and strengthening the publicity of rural human settlement environment governance.
文摘Based on the data of rural human settlements in Licheng District of Jinan City in 2016,the evaluation system of rural human settlements composed of four subsystems( social economy,infrastructure,public environment,and construction management) was constructed. According to the comprehensive scores of various administrative villages calculated by means of multi-index comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the human settlements of 521 administrative villages in Licheng District were divided into four types: excellent,good,average,and poor. Moreover,the spatial differences in the evaluation results of rural human settlements were analyzed using GIS spatial analysis technology. Finally,based on the evaluation results of rural human settlements in Licheng District,some measures to improve and control rural human settlements in different types of villages at various development stages were proposed to fully improve the quality of rural human settlements.
文摘It is one of the major tasks to achieve sustainable human settlement for China's socioeconomic development within the coming century The sustainable development of human settlements is closely related to the development of the economy, the utilization of natural resources and environmental protection As a developing country China is facing a series of issues to achieve the sustainable human settlement, which should be rationally laid out with comprehensive facilities convenient for working and living, and which have clean, quiet and comfortable environments The policy of reform and opening to the outside world have accelerated national social and economic development and promoted urban development in China The rural population is continuously flowing into the cities and towns in increasing numbers Therefore, it is necessary not only to continue to improve the housing standards for the current urban population, but also to meet the needs of the newcomers The movement of great numbers of people and the increased circulation off goods and materials, combined with an increase in the number of motor vehicles, has meant that traffic problems are becoming a major issue in the development of human settlements The infrastructure is under pressures from the growth in urban population and from rising production and living standards The shortage of natural resources is another challenge to be faced in developing human settlements in China A low technological level and the improper use of resources has aggravated the severity of the problem In cities, the amount of land currently being used for industrial purposes is relatively high as compared with other land uses Approximately 70 percent of industries are located in the cities and in many areas, factories and housing are intermixed, a major factor affecting the environment of urban residential areas The taking up of arable land by the village and township enterprises is another serious problem Settlements in towns and villages are also under the threat from various types of environmental pollution This paper is trying to summarise and identify the major issues, to promote the possible polices and strategies, and to argue the requirements and activities of sciences and technology for achieving China's sustainable human settlement
文摘The construction of human settlement environment is one of the important contents in the domain of sustainable development. We try to annotate human settlement environment for "village- in-city" from the angle of fringe view. According to the macro-system thought of human settlement environment science, the evolvement, which can be generalized into four phases, connotation and problems (including social, economic, and environmental problems) of "village-in-city" are discussed primarily in this paper. Some domestic and international researches and practices are also summarized and assessed in the paper. Based on the analysis, some appropriate clues and suggestions for the construction of "village-in-city" have been put forward.
文摘Concept, connotation and property of urban public space were interpreted, guidance of human settlement science for the construction of urban public space analyzed. Taking quality construction of public space in the downtown area of Mianyang City for example, this paper proposed that urban public space should be constructed from the perspective of human settlement to create positive spaces that satisfy human needs, ensure sustainable development of urban public spaces, and drive the development of a harmonious and prosperous city.
基金Sponsored by Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China“Building of Water Adaptive Landscape Security Pattern Model for Mountainous Rural Environment with the Case Study on Mentougou District in Beijing”(51808005)General Social Science Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission“Investigation and Database Establishment of Water Adaptive Landscapes in the Mountainous Rural Area in Western Beijing”(SM201910009008)+1 种基金Youth Yuyou Talent Training Plan of North China University of Technology“Engineering Frontier Oriented Research on Climate-Adaptive Planning and Construction Technology with the Case Study of Beijing”(NCUT2020)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Beijing Municipal College Students“Construction of Spatial Database of Mountainous Ancient Villages in Mentougou of West Beijing”(NCUT2021)。
文摘The climatic environment,landscape environment and settlement environment of traditional mountainous human settlements in Mentougou of west Beijing are summarized.Based on the analysis from the perspective of water adaptability,the spatial database of water adaptability of traditional mountainous human settlements in Mentougou of west Beijing is constructed,and the experience of water adaptability construction of settlement location,irrigation and water conservancy,flood control and soil fixation in river beach and gully areas is summarized.The landscape system of water adaptability of traditional mountainous human settlements in Mentougou of west Beijing embodies the typical wisdom of water adaptability construction contained in traditional mountainous human settlements,and has high reference value in the related research of water adaptability.
文摘The improvement of rural human settlement environment is a significant direction of the rural revitalization strategy.Based on the finite rational evolutionary game theory,a cooperative behavior evolutionary game model of rural human settlement environment improvement PPP model with local government,social capital and rural residents as the main game players with the reward mechanism of Government Payment and one with the reward mechanism of Viability Gap Funding are constructed.Comparing the total project revenue of two reward mechanisms,the thesis will obtain the effects of choosing the reward mechanism of rural human settlement improvement PPP.Finally,available suggestions are made to the decision of the reward mechanism of PPP project about rural human settlement environment,thus promoting the application and development of PPP in rural environmental management and to promote sustainable improvement of rural habitat improvement.
基金supported by National 11th Five-Year Technology Support Program (Grant No 2008BAH31B06)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No50738007)
文摘Integrated with GIS and remote sensing(RS) technology,a systematic analysis and its methodology for human-settlements social environment has been introduced.This methodology has been called spatial trend field model(STFM).STFM's application history in the field of human-settlements social environment has been discussed at first.Then,some index data models have been created through STFM,which include population density trend field,human activity strength trend field,city-town spatial density trend field,urbanization ratio trend field,road density trend field,GDP spatial density trend field and PER-GDP spatial density trend field.With all above-mentioned indexes as input data,through Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm(ISODATA),this paper makes a verification study of Chongqing municipality.The result of the case study confirms that STFM methodology is credible and has high efficiency for regional human-settlements study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42090054,41931295)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2022CFA002)。
文摘The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has rendered numerous landslides to a global natural disaster issue.It is crucial to rapidly and accurately determine the boundaries of landslides for geohazards evaluation and emergency response.Therefore,the Skip Connection DeepLab neural network(SCDnn),a deep learning model based on 770 optical remote sensing images of landslide,is proposed to improve the accuracy of landslide boundary detection.The SCDnn model is optimized for the over-segmentation issue which occurs in conventional deep learning models when there is a significant degree of similarity between topographical geomorphic features.SCDnn exhibits notable improvements in landslide feature extraction and semantic segmentation by combining an enhanced Atrous Spatial Pyramid Convolutional Block(ASPC)with a coding structure that reduces model complexity.The experimental results demonstrate that SCDnn can identify landslide boundaries in 119 images with MIoU values between 0.8and 0.9;while 52 images with MIoU values exceeding 0.9,which exceeds the identification accuracy of existing techniques.This work can offer a novel technique for the automatic extensive identification of landslide boundaries in remote sensing images in addition to establishing the groundwork for future inve stigations and applications in related domains.