Human adoption of artificial intelligence(AI)technique is largely hampered because of the increasing complexity and opacity of AI development.Explainable AI(XAI)techniques with various methods and tools have been deve...Human adoption of artificial intelligence(AI)technique is largely hampered because of the increasing complexity and opacity of AI development.Explainable AI(XAI)techniques with various methods and tools have been developed to bridge this gap between high-performance black-box AI models and human understanding.However,the current adoption of XAI technique stil lacks"human-centered"guidance for designing proper solutions to meet different stakeholders'needs in XAI practice.We first summarize a human-centered demand framework to categorize different stakeholders into five key roles with specific demands by reviewing existing research and then extract six commonly used human-centered XAI evaluation measures which are helpful for validating the effect of XAI.In addition,a taxonomy of XAI methods is developed for visual computing with analysis of method properties.Holding clearer human demands and XAI methods in mind,we take a medical image diagnosis scenario as an example to present an overview of how extant XAI approaches for visual computing fulfil stakeholders'human-centered demands in practice.And we check the availability of open-source XAI tools for stakeholders'use.This survey provides further guidance for matching diverse human demands with appropriate XAI methods or tools in specific applications with a summary of main challenges and future work toward human-centered XAI in practice.展开更多
Student-centered learning approach is focused on the students' demands and interests.Applying student-centered approach puts forward higher requirement to English teachers.This article first analyzes the theory of...Student-centered learning approach is focused on the students' demands and interests.Applying student-centered approach puts forward higher requirement to English teachers.This article first analyzes the theory of student-centered learning approach and compares teacher-centered approach with it.Based on the research information and teaching experience,the author summarizes four strategies about how to apply student-centered learning approach to English listening and speaking class in vocational schools.展开更多
This paper reports a new approach to estimate kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of the solid state from TG-DTG or DSC curve.Reduced equations are derived for the first tlme.The validity of these equatio...This paper reports a new approach to estimate kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of the solid state from TG-DTG or DSC curve.Reduced equations are derived for the first tlme.The validity of these equations was demonstrated employing data obtained from the dehydration process of calcium oxalate monohydrate.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61772111 and 72010107002).
文摘Human adoption of artificial intelligence(AI)technique is largely hampered because of the increasing complexity and opacity of AI development.Explainable AI(XAI)techniques with various methods and tools have been developed to bridge this gap between high-performance black-box AI models and human understanding.However,the current adoption of XAI technique stil lacks"human-centered"guidance for designing proper solutions to meet different stakeholders'needs in XAI practice.We first summarize a human-centered demand framework to categorize different stakeholders into five key roles with specific demands by reviewing existing research and then extract six commonly used human-centered XAI evaluation measures which are helpful for validating the effect of XAI.In addition,a taxonomy of XAI methods is developed for visual computing with analysis of method properties.Holding clearer human demands and XAI methods in mind,we take a medical image diagnosis scenario as an example to present an overview of how extant XAI approaches for visual computing fulfil stakeholders'human-centered demands in practice.And we check the availability of open-source XAI tools for stakeholders'use.This survey provides further guidance for matching diverse human demands with appropriate XAI methods or tools in specific applications with a summary of main challenges and future work toward human-centered XAI in practice.
文摘Student-centered learning approach is focused on the students' demands and interests.Applying student-centered approach puts forward higher requirement to English teachers.This article first analyzes the theory of student-centered learning approach and compares teacher-centered approach with it.Based on the research information and teaching experience,the author summarizes four strategies about how to apply student-centered learning approach to English listening and speaking class in vocational schools.
文摘This paper reports a new approach to estimate kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of the solid state from TG-DTG or DSC curve.Reduced equations are derived for the first tlme.The validity of these equations was demonstrated employing data obtained from the dehydration process of calcium oxalate monohydrate.
