This paper aims at the presentation of an interface to simulate cardiovascular respiratory system. The authors are interested in the resolution of optimal control problem related to the performance of a 30 years old w...This paper aims at the presentation of an interface to simulate cardiovascular respiratory system. The authors are interested in the resolution of optimal control problem related to the performance of a 30 years old woman. The results show in the most case the determinant parameters of cardiovascular respiratory system reach the equilibrium value due to its controls that is heart rate and alveolar ventilation.展开更多
Efficient bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are vital for rechargeable Zn-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,an oxygen-respirable sponge-like Co@C–O–Cs catalyst with ...Efficient bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are vital for rechargeable Zn-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,an oxygen-respirable sponge-like Co@C–O–Cs catalyst with oxygen-rich active sites was designed and constructed for both ORR and OER by a facile carbon dot-assisted strategy.The aerophilic triphase interface of Co@C–O–Cs cathode efficiently boosts oxygen diffusion and transfer.The theoretical calculations and experimental studies revealed that the Co–C–COC active sites can redistribute the local charge density and lower the reaction energy barrier.The Co@C–O–Cs catalyst displays superior bifunctional catalytic activities with a half-wave potential of 0.82 V for ORR and an ultralow overpotential of 294 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2) for OER.Moreover,it can drive the liquid ZABs with high peak power density(106.4 mW cm^(−2)),specific capacity(720.7 mAh g^(−1)),outstanding long-term cycle stability(over 750 cycles at 10 mA cm^(−2)),and exhibits excellent feasibility in flexible all-solid-state ZABs.These findings provide new insights into the rational design of efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts in rechargeable metal-air batteries.展开更多
The ultra-low permeability reservoir is regarded as an important energy source for oil and gas resource development and is attracting more and more attention.In this work,the active silica nanofuids were prepared by m...The ultra-low permeability reservoir is regarded as an important energy source for oil and gas resource development and is attracting more and more attention.In this work,the active silica nanofuids were prepared by modifed active silica nanoparticles and surfactant BSSB-12.The dispersion stability tests showed that the hydraulic radius of nanofuids was 58.59 nm and the zeta potential was−48.39 mV.The active nanofuids can simultaneously regulate liquid-liquid interface and solid-liquid interface.The nanofuids can reduce the oil/water interfacial tension(IFT)from 23.5 to 6.7 mN/m,and the oil/water/solid contact angle was altered from 42°to 145°.The spontaneous imbibition tests showed that the oil recovery of 0.1 wt%active nanofuids was 20.5%and 8.5%higher than that of 3 wt%NaCl solution and 0.1 wt%BSSB-12 solution.Finally,the efects of nanofuids on dynamic contact angle,dynamic interfacial tension and moduli were studied from the adsorption behavior of nanofuids at solid-liquid and liquid-liquid interface.The oil detaching and transporting are completed by synergistic efect of wettability alteration and interfacial tension reduction.The fndings of this study can help in better understanding of active nanofuids for EOR in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.展开更多
Active matter is characterized by out-of-equilibrium behaviors,offering an attractive,alternative route for revolutionizing disease diagnostics and therapy.A better understanding of how active matter interacts with ce...Active matter is characterized by out-of-equilibrium behaviors,offering an attractive,alternative route for revolutionizing disease diagnostics and therapy.A better understanding of how active matter interacts with cell membranes is critical to elucidating the underlying physical mechanisms and broadening the potential biomedical applications.This review provides a conceptual framework on the physiochemical mechanisms underlying active matter-biomembrane interactions.We briefly introduce the physical models of active matter and lipid membranes,and summarize the typical phenomena emerging from various active matter,including artificial active particles,cellular cytoskeletons,bacteria,and membrane proteins.Moreover,the remaining challenges and future perspectives of such non-equilibrium systems in living organisms are discussed.The findings and fundamental principles discussed in this review shed light on the rational design of activity-mediated cellular interaction,and could trigger better strategies to design and develop novel functional systems and materials toward advantageous biomedical applications.展开更多
Li-rich layered transition metal oxides are one of the most promising cathode materials for their high energy density.However,the cathodes usually suffer from severe potential dropping and capacity fading during cycli...Li-rich layered transition metal oxides are one of the most promising cathode materials for their high energy density.However,the cathodes usually suffer from severe potential dropping and capacity fading during cycling,which are associated with the surface oxygen release and accompanied by cation densification and structural collapse.Herein,an integrative approach of simultaneous constructing uniform 3d Fe-ion doping in the transition metal layer and Li-rich Li_(5)FeO_(4) shell to grab the oxygen and prevent interfacial side reactions is proposed.The introduction of Fe induces higher redox potential and stronger 3 d Fe-O_(2)p covalent bond,triggering reversible anionic redox via a reductive coupling mechanism.And the delithiated product of Li-rich Li_(5)FeO_(4) not only acts as a protective layer alleviating the side reactions but also enhances the surface kinetic property.With the benefit of promoted reversibility of oxygen redox and enhanced surface stability,the cathode exhibits high reversible capacity and superior cycle performance.Density function theory calculation indicates that the O_(2)p non-bonding state in the cathode incorporated with Fe sits at a lower energy band,resulting in higher energy storage voltage and improved oxygen stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a discharge specific capacity of 307 m A h g^(-1)(1 C=250 m A g^(-1)),coulombic efficiency of 82.09%in the initial cycle at 0.1 C and 88.34%capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C.The work illustrates a strategy that could simultaneously enhance oxygen redox reversibility and interface stability by constructing lattice bond coordination and delithiation induced protective layer to develop Li-rich materials with high reversible capacity and long lifespan.展开更多
Achieving efficient degradation of organic pollutants via activation of sulfite is meaningful but challenging.Herein,we have constructed a heterogeneous catalyst system involving Co_(3)O_(4) and TiO_(2) nanoparticles ...Achieving efficient degradation of organic pollutants via activation of sulfite is meaningful but challenging.Herein,we have constructed a heterogeneous catalyst system involving Co_(3)O_(4) and TiO_(2) nanoparticles to form the p-n heterojunction(Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)) to degrade acetaminophen(ACE) through photocatalytic activation of sulfite.Specifically,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculations provide compelling evidence of electron transfer from Co_(3)O_(4) to TiO_(2) at the heterointerface.The interfacial electron redistribution of Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) tunes the adsorption energy of HSO_(3)^(-)/SO_(3)^(2-) in sulfite activation process for enhanced the catalytic activity.Owing to its unique heterointerface,the degradation efficiency of ACE reached 96.78%within 10 min.The predominant active radicals were identified as ·OH,h^(+),and SO_(x)^(·-) through radical quenching experiments and electron spin resonance capture.Besides,the possible degradation pathway was deduced by monitoring the generated intermediate products.Thereafter,the enhanced roles of well-engineered compositing interface in photocatalytic activation of sulfite for complete degradation of ACE were unveiled that it can improve light absorption ability,facilitate the generation of active species,and optimize reactive pathways.Considering that sulfite is a waste from flue gas desulfurization process,the photocatalytic activation of sulfite system will open up new avenues of beneficial use of air pollutants for the removal of pharmaceutical wastewater.展开更多
The microstructure of the interface of the explosively welded tantalum-steel composite which hadbeen subjected to heat treatment at 1053 K was investigated by using optical microscopy and electron probemicro-analysis....The microstructure of the interface of the explosively welded tantalum-steel composite which hadbeen subjected to heat treatment at 1053 K was investigated by using optical microscopy and electron probemicro-analysis. It was confirmed that a Ta2C layer grew along the tantalum-steel interface. The carbon diffusion path at 1053 K, going through the γ-Fe, α-Fe, Ta2C and α-Ta phase regions was identified and interpreied by means of the Fe-Ta-C equilibrium phase diagram assuming that local equilibrium is established atall the phase boundaries.展开更多
Silver nanowires (NWs) coated with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles were synthesized via a galvanic partial replacement of Ag NWs in an aqueous K2PtC16 solution at room temperature. The products were char- acterized us...Silver nanowires (NWs) coated with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles were synthesized via a galvanic partial replacement of Ag NWs in an aqueous K2PtC16 solution at room temperature. The products were char- acterized using a combination of electron microscopies, selected area electron diffraction, energy- dispersive X-ray mapping and X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology and Pt/Ag composition ratios are controlled by adjusting the K2PtC16 concentration. Different concentrations result in various surface morphologies including rough nanoparticle coating, porous and relatively smooth surfaces. The forma- tion mechanism was discussed based on the lattice constants' difference, concentration driven nucleation, consumption of Ag NWs, and stoichiometry of the replacement reaction. The effects of the bimetallic interface on the catalytic activity toward the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by sodium borohydride were studied. The activity of Ag-Pt NWs is highly enhanced over monometallic nanostructures, and opti- mized by a low Pt loading of 1.34 at.%, which indicates a catalytic role of the inter-metallic interface for the elecrrnn transfer.展开更多
A novel process for synthesizing nano-ceramics powders, named mechanical & therm al activation processing, is discussed in the present paper. It is a processing based on thermal activation in liquid phase (molten ...A novel process for synthesizing nano-ceramics powders, named mechanical & therm al activation processing, is discussed in the present paper. It is a processing based on thermal activation in liquid phase (molten salt) after mechanical activ ation. The nanometer-sized TiC particles (15-20nm) have been synthesized by the method, and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscop e (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) sp ectroscopy. An interface interaction between liquid (molten salt) and solid (fin al product particles) phases plays a dominating role for the control of product particles size. The mechanism for the formation of nanometer-sized TiC particles has been discussed.展开更多
The saccharification of cellulosic biomass to produce biofuels and chemicals is one of the most promising industries for gree n-power production and sustainable development.Cellulase is the core component in the sacch...The saccharification of cellulosic biomass to produce biofuels and chemicals is one of the most promising industries for gree n-power production and sustainable development.Cellulase is the core component in the saccharification process.Simple and efficient assay method to determine cellulase activity in saccharification is thus highly required.In this work,a boronate-affinity surface based renewable and ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for cellulase activity determination has been fabricated.Through bo ronate-sugar interaction,celluloses are attached to the electrode surface,forming the cellulose na nonetwork at the sensing interface.Cellulase degradation can lead to the variation of electrochemical impedance.Thus,electrochemical impedance signal can reflect the cellulase activity.Importantly,via fully utilizing the boronate-affinity chemistry that enables reversible fabrication of cellulose nanonetwork,a renewable sensing surface has been firstly constructed for cellulase activity assay.Thanks to interfacial diffusion process of electrochemical sensor,the product inhibitory effect in the cellulase activity assays can be circumvented.The proposed electrochemical sensor is ultrasensitive for label-free cellulase activity detection with a very simple fabrication process,showing great potential for activity screen of new enzymes in saccharification conversion.展开更多
文摘This paper aims at the presentation of an interface to simulate cardiovascular respiratory system. The authors are interested in the resolution of optimal control problem related to the performance of a 30 years old woman. The results show in the most case the determinant parameters of cardiovascular respiratory system reach the equilibrium value due to its controls that is heart rate and alveolar ventilation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1907801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174286)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2021RC3014)Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University(No.2020CX007)。
文摘Efficient bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are vital for rechargeable Zn-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,an oxygen-respirable sponge-like Co@C–O–Cs catalyst with oxygen-rich active sites was designed and constructed for both ORR and OER by a facile carbon dot-assisted strategy.The aerophilic triphase interface of Co@C–O–Cs cathode efficiently boosts oxygen diffusion and transfer.The theoretical calculations and experimental studies revealed that the Co–C–COC active sites can redistribute the local charge density and lower the reaction energy barrier.The Co@C–O–Cs catalyst displays superior bifunctional catalytic activities with a half-wave potential of 0.82 V for ORR and an ultralow overpotential of 294 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2) for OER.Moreover,it can drive the liquid ZABs with high peak power density(106.4 mW cm^(−2)),specific capacity(720.7 mAh g^(−1)),outstanding long-term cycle stability(over 750 cycles at 10 mA cm^(−2)),and exhibits excellent feasibility in flexible all-solid-state ZABs.These findings provide new insights into the rational design of efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts in rechargeable metal-air batteries.
基金This work was fnancially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074333,51874337)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tspd20161004)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(19CX07001A).
文摘The ultra-low permeability reservoir is regarded as an important energy source for oil and gas resource development and is attracting more and more attention.In this work,the active silica nanofuids were prepared by modifed active silica nanoparticles and surfactant BSSB-12.The dispersion stability tests showed that the hydraulic radius of nanofuids was 58.59 nm and the zeta potential was−48.39 mV.The active nanofuids can simultaneously regulate liquid-liquid interface and solid-liquid interface.The nanofuids can reduce the oil/water interfacial tension(IFT)from 23.5 to 6.7 mN/m,and the oil/water/solid contact angle was altered from 42°to 145°.The spontaneous imbibition tests showed that the oil recovery of 0.1 wt%active nanofuids was 20.5%and 8.5%higher than that of 3 wt%NaCl solution and 0.1 wt%BSSB-12 solution.Finally,the efects of nanofuids on dynamic contact angle,dynamic interfacial tension and moduli were studied from the adsorption behavior of nanofuids at solid-liquid and liquid-liquid interface.The oil detaching and transporting are completed by synergistic efect of wettability alteration and interfacial tension reduction.The fndings of this study can help in better understanding of active nanofuids for EOR in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(22025302,21873053 and 22202049)the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFA1203203)the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-Ch E-23T01)
文摘Active matter is characterized by out-of-equilibrium behaviors,offering an attractive,alternative route for revolutionizing disease diagnostics and therapy.A better understanding of how active matter interacts with cell membranes is critical to elucidating the underlying physical mechanisms and broadening the potential biomedical applications.This review provides a conceptual framework on the physiochemical mechanisms underlying active matter-biomembrane interactions.We briefly introduce the physical models of active matter and lipid membranes,and summarize the typical phenomena emerging from various active matter,including artificial active particles,cellular cytoskeletons,bacteria,and membrane proteins.Moreover,the remaining challenges and future perspectives of such non-equilibrium systems in living organisms are discussed.The findings and fundamental principles discussed in this review shed light on the rational design of activity-mediated cellular interaction,and could trigger better strategies to design and develop novel functional systems and materials toward advantageous biomedical applications.
基金funded by the project from the national natural science foundation of China(21805018 and 21878195)the applied basic research project of Sichuan science and technology department(2020YJ0134)the everest scientific research program of chengdu university of technology。
文摘Li-rich layered transition metal oxides are one of the most promising cathode materials for their high energy density.However,the cathodes usually suffer from severe potential dropping and capacity fading during cycling,which are associated with the surface oxygen release and accompanied by cation densification and structural collapse.Herein,an integrative approach of simultaneous constructing uniform 3d Fe-ion doping in the transition metal layer and Li-rich Li_(5)FeO_(4) shell to grab the oxygen and prevent interfacial side reactions is proposed.The introduction of Fe induces higher redox potential and stronger 3 d Fe-O_(2)p covalent bond,triggering reversible anionic redox via a reductive coupling mechanism.And the delithiated product of Li-rich Li_(5)FeO_(4) not only acts as a protective layer alleviating the side reactions but also enhances the surface kinetic property.With the benefit of promoted reversibility of oxygen redox and enhanced surface stability,the cathode exhibits high reversible capacity and superior cycle performance.Density function theory calculation indicates that the O_(2)p non-bonding state in the cathode incorporated with Fe sits at a lower energy band,resulting in higher energy storage voltage and improved oxygen stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a discharge specific capacity of 307 m A h g^(-1)(1 C=250 m A g^(-1)),coulombic efficiency of 82.09%in the initial cycle at 0.1 C and 88.34%capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C.The work illustrates a strategy that could simultaneously enhance oxygen redox reversibility and interface stability by constructing lattice bond coordination and delithiation induced protective layer to develop Li-rich materials with high reversible capacity and long lifespan.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51878273)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2019502199)。
文摘Achieving efficient degradation of organic pollutants via activation of sulfite is meaningful but challenging.Herein,we have constructed a heterogeneous catalyst system involving Co_(3)O_(4) and TiO_(2) nanoparticles to form the p-n heterojunction(Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)) to degrade acetaminophen(ACE) through photocatalytic activation of sulfite.Specifically,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculations provide compelling evidence of electron transfer from Co_(3)O_(4) to TiO_(2) at the heterointerface.The interfacial electron redistribution of Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) tunes the adsorption energy of HSO_(3)^(-)/SO_(3)^(2-) in sulfite activation process for enhanced the catalytic activity.Owing to its unique heterointerface,the degradation efficiency of ACE reached 96.78%within 10 min.The predominant active radicals were identified as ·OH,h^(+),and SO_(x)^(·-) through radical quenching experiments and electron spin resonance capture.Besides,the possible degradation pathway was deduced by monitoring the generated intermediate products.Thereafter,the enhanced roles of well-engineered compositing interface in photocatalytic activation of sulfite for complete degradation of ACE were unveiled that it can improve light absorption ability,facilitate the generation of active species,and optimize reactive pathways.Considering that sulfite is a waste from flue gas desulfurization process,the photocatalytic activation of sulfite system will open up new avenues of beneficial use of air pollutants for the removal of pharmaceutical wastewater.
文摘The microstructure of the interface of the explosively welded tantalum-steel composite which hadbeen subjected to heat treatment at 1053 K was investigated by using optical microscopy and electron probemicro-analysis. It was confirmed that a Ta2C layer grew along the tantalum-steel interface. The carbon diffusion path at 1053 K, going through the γ-Fe, α-Fe, Ta2C and α-Ta phase regions was identified and interpreied by means of the Fe-Ta-C equilibrium phase diagram assuming that local equilibrium is established atall the phase boundaries.
基金financial support of the project from the PAPD(No.50831004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.021314380019 and 1106021343)+3 种基金the Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province(No.BY2013072-06)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.2012729)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11374136)the State Key Program for Basic Research of China (No.2010CB631004)
文摘Silver nanowires (NWs) coated with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles were synthesized via a galvanic partial replacement of Ag NWs in an aqueous K2PtC16 solution at room temperature. The products were char- acterized using a combination of electron microscopies, selected area electron diffraction, energy- dispersive X-ray mapping and X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology and Pt/Ag composition ratios are controlled by adjusting the K2PtC16 concentration. Different concentrations result in various surface morphologies including rough nanoparticle coating, porous and relatively smooth surfaces. The forma- tion mechanism was discussed based on the lattice constants' difference, concentration driven nucleation, consumption of Ag NWs, and stoichiometry of the replacement reaction. The effects of the bimetallic interface on the catalytic activity toward the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by sodium borohydride were studied. The activity of Ag-Pt NWs is highly enhanced over monometallic nanostructures, and opti- mized by a low Pt loading of 1.34 at.%, which indicates a catalytic role of the inter-metallic interface for the elecrrnn transfer.
基金The project was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2003034452)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50371027).
文摘A novel process for synthesizing nano-ceramics powders, named mechanical & therm al activation processing, is discussed in the present paper. It is a processing based on thermal activation in liquid phase (molten salt) after mechanical activ ation. The nanometer-sized TiC particles (15-20nm) have been synthesized by the method, and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscop e (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) sp ectroscopy. An interface interaction between liquid (molten salt) and solid (fin al product particles) phases plays a dominating role for the control of product particles size. The mechanism for the formation of nanometer-sized TiC particles has been discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21625502,21705079,21671105 and 21974070)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos.BK20192008 and BK20171033)the financial support from the PAPD。
文摘The saccharification of cellulosic biomass to produce biofuels and chemicals is one of the most promising industries for gree n-power production and sustainable development.Cellulase is the core component in the saccharification process.Simple and efficient assay method to determine cellulase activity in saccharification is thus highly required.In this work,a boronate-affinity surface based renewable and ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for cellulase activity determination has been fabricated.Through bo ronate-sugar interaction,celluloses are attached to the electrode surface,forming the cellulose na nonetwork at the sensing interface.Cellulase degradation can lead to the variation of electrochemical impedance.Thus,electrochemical impedance signal can reflect the cellulase activity.Importantly,via fully utilizing the boronate-affinity chemistry that enables reversible fabrication of cellulose nanonetwork,a renewable sensing surface has been firstly constructed for cellulase activity assay.Thanks to interfacial diffusion process of electrochemical sensor,the product inhibitory effect in the cellulase activity assays can be circumvented.The proposed electrochemical sensor is ultrasensitive for label-free cellulase activity detection with a very simple fabrication process,showing great potential for activity screen of new enzymes in saccharification conversion.