CARDIOGUI: An Interface Guide to Simulate Cardiovascular Respiratory System during Physical Activity

This paper aims at the presentation of an interface to simulate cardiovascular respiratory system. The authors are interested in the resolution of optimal control problem related to the performance of a 30 years old woman. The results show in the most case the determinant parameters of cardiovascular respiratory system reach the equilibrium value due to its controls that is heart rate and alveolar ventilation.

Aerophilic Triphase Interface Tuned by Carbon Dots Driving Durable and Flexible Rechargeable Zn‑Air Batteries

Efficient bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are vital for rechargeable Zn-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,an oxygen-respirable sponge-like Co@C–O–Cs catalyst with oxygen-rich active sites was designed and constructed for both ORR and OER by a facile carbon dot-assisted strategy.The aerophilic triphase interface of Co@C–O–Cs cathode efficiently boosts oxygen diffusion and transfer.The theoretical calculations and experimental studies revealed that the Co–C–COC active sites can redistribute the local charge density and lower the reaction energy barrier.The Co@C–O–Cs catalyst displays superior bifunctional catalytic activities with a half-wave potential of 0.82 V for ORR and an ultralow overpotential of 294 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2) for OER.Moreover,it can drive the liquid ZABs with high peak power density(106.4 mW cm^(−2)),specific capacity(720.7 mAh g^(−1)),outstanding long-term cycle stability(over 750 cycles at 10 mA cm^(−2)),and exhibits excellent feasibility in flexible all-solid-state ZABs.These findings provide new insights into the rational design of efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts in rechargeable metal-air batteries.

Mechanism of active silica nanofluids based on interface-regulated effect during spontaneous imbibition

The ultra-low permeability reservoir is regarded as an important energy source for oil and gas resource development and is attracting more and more attention.In this work,the active silica nanofuids were prepared by modifed active silica nanoparticles and surfactant BSSB-12.The dispersion stability tests showed that the hydraulic radius of nanofuids was 58.59 nm and the zeta potential was−48.39 mV.The active nanofuids can simultaneously regulate liquid-liquid interface and solid-liquid interface.The nanofuids can reduce the oil/water interfacial tension(IFT)from 23.5 to 6.7 mN/m,and the oil/water/solid contact angle was altered from 42°to 145°.The spontaneous imbibition tests showed that the oil recovery of 0.1 wt%active nanofuids was 20.5%and 8.5%higher than that of 3 wt%NaCl solution and 0.1 wt%BSSB-12 solution.Finally,the efects of nanofuids on dynamic contact angle,dynamic interfacial tension and moduli were studied from the adsorption behavior of nanofuids at solid-liquid and liquid-liquid interface.The oil detaching and transporting are completed by synergistic efect of wettability alteration and interfacial tension reduction.The fndings of this study can help in better understanding of active nanofuids for EOR in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.

Physical principles at bio-nano interfaces with active matter

Active matter is characterized by out-of-equilibrium behaviors,offering an attractive,alternative route for revolutionizing disease diagnostics and therapy.A better understanding of how active matter interacts with cell membranes is critical to elucidating the underlying physical mechanisms and broadening the potential biomedical applications.This review provides a conceptual framework on the physiochemical mechanisms underlying active matter-biomembrane interactions.We briefly introduce the physical models of active matter and lipid membranes,and summarize the typical phenomena emerging from various active matter,including artificial active particles,cellular cytoskeletons,bacteria,and membrane proteins.Moreover,the remaining challenges and future perspectives of such non-equilibrium systems in living organisms are discussed.The findings and fundamental principles discussed in this review shed light on the rational design of activity-mediated cellular interaction,and could trigger better strategies to design and develop novel functional systems and materials toward advantageous biomedical applications.

Photoinduced interface activation strategy for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of plasmonic nano Bi/Ni based metalorganic framework

Utilizing plasmonic non-noble metal nanoparticles(NPs)for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction is a significant step toward green energy production.However,optimizing the interface between non-noble metal NPs and semiconducting materials in metal-semiconductor composites remains challenging owing to the inevitable surface oxide layers of non-noble metal NPs because the surface oxide layers of non-noble metal NPs can suppress the transfer of photoinduced carriers,leading to poor photocatalytic performance.Herein,we propose a photoinduced interface activation strategy to reduce the number of oxide layers based on a dynamic charge-transfer mechanism under illumination conditions,with Bi NPs and a Ni-based metal-organic framework(MOF)selected as model materials.Under light illumination,the photoinduced charges and plasmonic hot electrons heavily pooled at the interface between the Bi NPs and Ni-MOF,resulting in the reduction of the oxide layer on the surface of Bi,thus attenuating its hindering effect on charge transfer.This phenomenon led to a dynamically enhanced carrier concentration in the Bi/Ni-MOF composite,with an outstanding photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 5822μmol g^(−1)h^(−1)achieved with the composite.The results of this study indicate that our strategy provides a new method for optimizing plasmonic non-noble metal Bi NPs with oxide layers.

Electronic and geometric structure of the copper-ceria interface on Cu/CeO2 catalysts

The atomic structure of the active sites in Cu/CeO2 catalysts is intimately associated with the copper-ceria interaction. Both the shape of ceria and the loading of copper affect the chemical bonding of copper species on ceria surfaces and the electronic and geometric character of the relevant interfaces. Nanostructured ceria, including particles(polyhedra), rods, and cubes, provides anchoring sites for the copper species. The atomic arrangements and chemical properties of the(111),(110) and(100) facets, preferentially exposed depending on the shape of ceria, govern the copper-ceria interactions and in turn determine their catalytic properties. Also, the metal loading significantly influences the dispersion of copper species on ceria with a specific shape, forming copper layers, clusters, and nanoparticles. Lower copper contents result in copper monolayers and/or bilayers while higher copper loadings lead to multi-layered clusters and faceted particles. The active sites are usually generated via interactions between the copper atoms in the metal species and the oxygen vacancies on ceria, which is closely linked to the number and density of surface oxygen vacancies dominated by the shape of ceria.

Strong metal‐support interaction boosting the catalytic activity of Au/TiO_(2) in chemoselective hydrogenation

Gold catalysts have been reported as highly effective catalysts in various oxidation reactions.However,for chemoselective hydrogenation reactions,gold‐based catalysts normally show much lowercatalytic activity than platinum group metals,even though their selectivities are excellent.Here,wereport that the chemoselective hydrogenation activity of 3‐nitrostyrene to 3‐vinylaniline overAu/TiO_(2)can be enhanced up to 3.3 times through the hydrogen reduction strategy.It is revealedthat strong metal‐support interaction,between gold nanoparticles(NPs)and TiO_(2)support,is introducedthrough hydrogen reduction,resulting in partial dispersion of reduced TiOx on the Au surface.The partially covered Au not only increases the perimeter of the interface between the gold NPs andthe support,but also benefits H_(2)activation.Reaction kinetic analysis and H_(2)‐D2 exchange reactionshow that H_(2)activation is the critical step in the hydrogenation of 3‐nitrostyrene to 3‐vinylaniline.Density functional theory calculations verify that hydrogen dissociation and hydrogen transfer arefavored at the interface of gold NPs and TiO_(2)over the hydrogen‐reduced Au/TiO_(2).This study providesinsights for fabricating highly active gold‐based catalysts for chemoselective hydrogenationreactions.

Water oxidation sites located at the interface of Pt/SrTiO_(3) for photocatalytic overall water splitting

When a proton reduction cocatalyst is loaded on an n-type semiconductor for photocatalytic overall water splitting(POWS),the location of water oxidation sites is generally considered at the surface of the semiconductor due to upward band-bending of n-type semiconductor which may ease the transfer of the photogenerated holes to the surface.However,this is not the case for Pt/SrTiO_(3),a model semiconductor based photocatalyst for POWS.It was found that the photogenerated holes are more readily accumulated at the interface between Pt cocatalyst and SrTiO_(3) photocatalyst as probed by photo-oxidative deposition of PbO_(2),indicating that the water oxidation sites are located at the interface between Pt and SrTiO_(3).Electron paramagnetic resonance and scanning transmission electron microscope studies suggest that the interfacial oxygen atoms between Pt and SrTiO_(3) in Pt/SrTiO_(3) after POWS are more readily lost to form oxygen vacancies upon vacuum heat treatment,regardless of Pt loading by photodeposition or impregnation methods,which may serve as additional support for the location of the active sites for water oxidation at the interface.Density functional theory calculations also suggest that the oxygen evolution reaction more readily occurs at the interfacial sites with the lowest overpotential.These experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the more active sites for water oxidation are located at the interface between Pt and SrTiO_(3),rather than on the surface of SrTiO_(3).Hence,the tailor design and control of the interfacial properties are extremely important for the achievement or improvement of the POWS on cocatalyst loaded semiconductor photocatalyst.

Tuning redox activity through delithiation induced protective layer and Fe-O coordination for Li-rich cathode with improved voltage and cycle performance

Li-rich layered transition metal oxides are one of the most promising cathode materials for their high energy density.However,the cathodes usually suffer from severe potential dropping and capacity fading during cycling,which are associated with the surface oxygen release and accompanied by cation densification and structural collapse.Herein,an integrative approach of simultaneous constructing uniform 3d Fe-ion doping in the transition metal layer and Li-rich Li_(5)FeO_(4) shell to grab the oxygen and prevent interfacial side reactions is proposed.The introduction of Fe induces higher redox potential and stronger 3 d Fe-O_(2)p covalent bond,triggering reversible anionic redox via a reductive coupling mechanism.And the delithiated product of Li-rich Li_(5)FeO_(4) not only acts as a protective layer alleviating the side reactions but also enhances the surface kinetic property.With the benefit of promoted reversibility of oxygen redox and enhanced surface stability,the cathode exhibits high reversible capacity and superior cycle performance.Density function theory calculation indicates that the O_(2)p non-bonding state in the cathode incorporated with Fe sits at a lower energy band,resulting in higher energy storage voltage and improved oxygen stability.Consequently,the modified cathode exhibits a discharge specific capacity of 307 m A h g^(-1)(1 C=250 m A g^(-1)),coulombic efficiency of 82.09%in the initial cycle at 0.1 C and 88.34%capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C.The work illustrates a strategy that could simultaneously enhance oxygen redox reversibility and interface stability by constructing lattice bond coordination and delithiation induced protective layer to develop Li-rich materials with high reversible capacity and long lifespan.

基于控保协同的有源配网主动注入式保护方法

由于逆变型分布式电源(inverter-interfaced distributed generation,IIDG)的故障特性主要由其控制策略及电网故障情况决定,在不同故障场景和工况下,传统的被动式保护方法存在保护整定和协调困难的问题。为此,提出一种基于控保协同的有源配网主动注入式保护方法,故障期间控制IIDG主动向电网注入特征信号,保护处利用检测到的特征信号来获取IIDG的基波信息,从而消除IIDG对各支路电流及现有电流保护的影响。由于保护利用的故障特征是由IIDG主动注入的,因此该方法在不同场景和工况下都有较好的适用性,且不需要增加额外的通信和检测设备,具有经济性好和实用性高的优点。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

石墨烯复合材料设计对其电催化性能影响的研究进展

石墨烯是以sp2杂化轨道组成的六角型蜂巢状二维碳纳米材料,具有比表面积大、导电性好和机械强度高等优点,在电催化领域被广泛应用,但也存在易堆叠、活性位点少等不足。石墨烯材料电催化活性与其原子排列、分子吸附和活化、电子结构、电荷运输等相关,综述了通过掺杂调控提高其内在活性、界面调控实现不同组分之间的协同作用、相调控改变原子排布方式、结构调控改变局部环境促进电子和质量传递等改善石墨烯材料电催化性能的方法,指出将掺杂调控与其他3种活性调控方法有机结合是未来的发展方向。

基于级联型扩张状态观测器的直流微电网低压负载接口变换器自抗扰稳压研究

直流微电网负载侧供压稳定是实现新能源电力高水平消纳的重要前提。为维持低压负载侧电压稳定,利用级联型扩张状态观测器提高扰动的估计重构精度与速度,将二阶自抗扰控制技术引入低压侧稳压控制。首先,在考虑扰动存在的低压接口变换器动态模型基础上实现对于稳压控制策略的系统设计。之后,在时域上分析级联型扩张状态观测器对于扰动重估精度的提升效果,利用线性等效框架在复频域上分析系统对于总扰动的抑制性能,以及系统模型不确定下对于动态性能的影响。此外,将Lyapunov理论运用于分析所提稳压控制策略的稳定性,表明该系统在工程上稳定。最后仿真实验验证了所提出稳压策略的正确性与有效性,且对于扰动具有较好的抑制性。

基于图形用户界面老年人日常生活活动能力评估系统设计

目的借助MATLAB App Designer软件工具,设计一套简易实用的老年人日常生活活动(ADL)能力评估系统,提高传统评估工作信息化管理水平。方法以Barthel指数分级为核心,通过MATLAB App Designer开发软件设计一款基于图形用户界面的老年人ADL评估系统。结果该系统将用户登录、被评估者信息收集、ADL评估、查询统计四个模块集中在一起,充分满足了老年人ADL评估工作的需要。结论基于图形用户界面的老年人ADL评估系统实现了“人工+纸质调查表”向“软件+系统评估”的方式转变,便于养老机构信息化建设工作的实际应用。

考虑界面接触的磁悬浮轴承-转子系统建模及鲁棒控制

磁悬浮轴承-转子系统中,螺栓连接装配形成的界面接触会在转子悬浮状态下激发弯曲模态振动,同时振动频率随转速明显变化.为实现全转速范围内对弯曲模态振动的主动控制,提出一种考虑频率不确定性的H∞鲁棒控制器设计方法.首先,通过建立考虑界面接触的动力学模型进行仿真预测,获得振动频率的变化范围;其次,通过频响拟合的方式对转子传递函数进行重构,并将仿真得到的振动频率变化范围以加性不确定性方式引入到重构传递函数中,得到考虑模态频率不确定性的被控对象模型;最后,基于该模型设计兼顾参数摄动和外力扰动的鲁棒性、闭环系统稳定性和防止控制电压饱和等多功能的H∞鲁棒控制器.数值仿真结果表明:该控制器在模态频率处具有宽频带阻的频响特性,能够抑制磁悬浮轴承转子系统的弯曲模态振动;采用该方法设计的H∞鲁棒控制器后,转子弯曲模态振动幅值最少减小90%.

基于Active X的Matlab与VB接口技术在仿真软件设计中的应用

介绍了一种ActiveX部件为基础的Matlab与VB接口编程技术 ,分析了ActiveX部件的基本原理 ,主要介绍在VB中如何调用Matlab的ActiveX部件。通过在控制系统超前校正仿真软件设计中的应用实例说明 ,利用Matlab的强大数值计算能力 ,结合VB的可视化友好界面 。

Constructing heterojunction interface of Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) for efficiently accelerating acetaminophen degradation via photocatalytic activation of sulfite

Achieving efficient degradation of organic pollutants via activation of sulfite is meaningful but challenging.Herein,we have constructed a heterogeneous catalyst system involving Co_(3)O_(4) and TiO_(2) nanoparticles to form the p-n heterojunction(Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)) to degrade acetaminophen(ACE) through photocatalytic activation of sulfite.Specifically,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculations provide compelling evidence of electron transfer from Co_(3)O_(4) to TiO_(2) at the heterointerface.The interfacial electron redistribution of Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) tunes the adsorption energy of HSO_(3)^(-)/SO_(3)^(2-) in sulfite activation process for enhanced the catalytic activity.Owing to its unique heterointerface,the degradation efficiency of ACE reached 96.78%within 10 min.The predominant active radicals were identified as ·OH,h^(+),and SO_(x)^(·-) through radical quenching experiments and electron spin resonance capture.Besides,the possible degradation pathway was deduced by monitoring the generated intermediate products.Thereafter,the enhanced roles of well-engineered compositing interface in photocatalytic activation of sulfite for complete degradation of ACE were unveiled that it can improve light absorption ability,facilitate the generation of active species,and optimize reactive pathways.Considering that sulfite is a waste from flue gas desulfurization process,the photocatalytic activation of sulfite system will open up new avenues of beneficial use of air pollutants for the removal of pharmaceutical wastewater.

壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠的合成及性能

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠具有水生毒性而亟需开发其替代物。壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚由于安全性较高,且理化性能与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚接近,是壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚潜在的替代物。以壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚为原料、氯磺酸为硫酸酯化试剂,合成了壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠,其中壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚(5)硫酸钠和壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚(9)硫酸钠(5和9分别为其环氧乙烷加成数)的酯化率分别可达90.91%和91.06%。结果表明,壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚(5)硫酸钠水溶液与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(3)硫酸钠(AES)具有相近的表界面活性。合成产物壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠具有和壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚相当的润湿及泡沫性能,比AES具有更好的润湿、泡沫及乳化性能。

超疏水表面的防/除冰研究与应用

为了避免表面覆冰对日常生产生活造成的巨大影响,解决传统防/除冰技术存在效率低、能耗大、高污染等问题,本文梳理了基于超疏水特性实现表面防/除冰的研究进展。介绍了固体表面浸润性理论及常见的超疏水表面的制备方法,对超疏水表面的被动防冰和主动除冰方法进行了综述和讨论,归纳了基于超疏水表面的防/除冰策略在航空、船舶、电力等领域的具体应用。总结和剖析了超疏水防/除冰表面在实际应用中存在的问题和面临的挑战,对未来的发展方向进行了展望。

两种国产T800级碳纤维界面状态及复合材料力学性能研究

研究了两种国产T800级碳纤维界面状态及复合材料力学性能,结果表明,与B类纤维相比,A类纤维表面形貌粗糙度高约23%、O/C含量高约7.4%、活性C含量高约20%,微观剪切强度高约10%,A类纤维增强的复合材料冲击后压缩强度比B类纤维高约8%。A类纤维与树脂形成更好的化学与物理结合,界面结合作用较好。