Vertical human-induced vibration of pedestrian bridge

The double degrees-of-freedom（DOFs）parallel model is adopted to analyze static vertical human-induced vibration with the finite element analysis（FEA）method.In the first-order symmetric vibration mode,the periods of the spring-mass model gradually decrease with the increase in K1 and K2,but they are always greater than the period of the add-on mass model.Meanwhile,the periods of the spring-mass model decrease with the decrease in m1 and m2,but they are always greater than the period of the hollow bridge model.Since the human＇s two degrees-of-freedom vibrate in the same direction as that of the bridge mid-span,the existence of human＇s rigidity leads to the reduction in the rigidity of the spring-mass model.In the second-order symmetric vibration mode,the changes of rigidity K2 and mass m2 result in the disappearance or occurrence of some vibration modes.It can be concluded that compared with the spring-mass model,the results of the add-on mass model lean to lack of safety to the structure;besides,the DOF with a smaller ratio of mass to rigidity plays the chief role in the vibration of the structure.

Comfort in observing stereoscopic images reduced by vibration stimuli

Numerous studies have been conducted to illuminate the effect of image factors to reduce unexpected influence of stereoscopic images on healthy visual experience. In this paper, we introduce changes in the psychological and physiological indexes of observers of a stereo- scopic image disturbed by vibration stimuli. Forty-four healthy university students participated in the experiment. A programmable vibration table generated two types of vibrations (5 Hz and 20 Hz) and provided intermittent vibration stimuli to a stereoscopic projector installed on a vibration table. Our results showed that the frequency of vibration stimuli has a strong impact in evaluating the local comfort of subjects. Our results also showed that the indexes of visual fatigue increased after observation independent of the frequency. The activity status of the autonomic nervous system as a physiological index significantly increased after observing 3D images with vibration stimuli although the vibrational frequency did not have a significant effect on the activity status.

Experimental Mode and Vibration Comfort Analysis of High-Rise Glulam Building Floor Structure

In order to better meet the objective requirements of the use safety of the high-rise glulam building floor structure and the living comfort of the residents,the transient excitation,environmental excitation and frequency spectrum identification methods were used to carry out experimental modal test in-site on the three rooms numbered A,B and C of the same glulam structural building.The three rooms have different functions,different floor sizes and different floor supporting structures.The research results have shown that the first-order bending frequency of the floor structure of Room A is 27.50 Hz,the transverse second-order bending frequency is 34.75 Hz,the longitudinal second-order bending frequency is 53.25 Hz,and the first-order torsional frequency is 56.25 Hz.The reinforced wooden beam at the bottom of the floor of Room A increases the transverse stiffness of the floor structure,but does not offset the anisotropy caused by the longitudinally installed glulam floors.The fundamental frequency values of the floor structures of the three rooms numbered A,B,and C are 27.5,13 and 18 Hz,respectively.This has a relatively high innovation and reference significance for integrating the theory of structural dynamic characteristics with the dynamic testing technology,improving the design level of high-rise glulam structure buildings,and improving the living comfort of residents.

Vibration Performance Analysis of a Mining Vehicle with Bounce and Pitch Tuned Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension

The current investigations primarily focus on using advanced suspensions to overcome the tradeo design of ride comfort and handling performance for mining vehicles. It is generally realized by adjusting spring sti ness or damping parameters through active control methods. However, some drawbacks regarding control complexity and uncertain reliability are inevitable for these advanced suspensions. Herein, a novel passive hydraulically interconnected suspension(HIS) system is proposed to achieve an improved ride-handling compromise of mining vehicles. A lumped-mass vehicle model involved with a mechanical–hydraulic coupled system is developed by applying the free-body diagram method. The transfer matrix method is used to derive the impedance of the hydraulic system, and the impedance is integrated to form the equation of motions for a mechanical–hydraulic coupled system. The modal analysis method is employed to obtain the free vibration transmissibilities and force vibration responses under di erent road excitations. A series of frequency characteristic analyses are presented to evaluate the isolation vibration performance between the mining vehicles with the proposed HIS and the conventional suspension. The analysis results prove that the proposed HIS system can e ectively suppress the pitch motion of sprung mass to guarantee the handling performance, and favorably provide soft bounce sti ness to improve the ride comfort. The distribution of dynamic forces between the front and rear wheels is more reasonable, and the vibration decay rate of sprung mass is increased e ectively. This research proposes a new suspension design method that can achieve the enhanced cooperative control of bounce and pitch motion modes to improve the ride comfort and handling performance of mining vehicles as an e ective passive suspension system.

Investigations on serviceability control of long-span structures under human-induced excitation

The increasing strength of new structural materials and the span of new structures, accompanied by aesthetic requirements for greater slenderness, are resulting in more applications of long-span structures. In this paper, serviceability control technology and its design theory are studied. First, a novel tuned mass damper （TMD） with controllable stiffness is developed. Second, methods for modeling human-induced loads are proposed, including standing up, walking, jumping and running, and an analysis method for long-span floor response is proposed based on a finite element model. Third, a design method for long-span floors installed with a multiple TMD （MTMD） system considering human comfort is introduced, largely based on a study of existing literature. Finally, a design, analysis and field test is conducted using several large scale buildings in China including the Beijing Olympic Park National Conference Center, Changsha New Railway Station and the Xi＇an Northern Railway Station. The analytical and field test results show that the MTMD system designed using the proposed method is capable of effectively mitigating the vertical vibration of long-span floor structures. The study presented in this paper provides an important reference for the analysis of vibration serviceability of similar long-span floors and design of control system for these structures.

Vibration Analysis and Fatigue Assessment of Floors.Part I:Human Rhythmic Activities

Structural problems associated with excessive vibration of building floor systems when subjected to human rhythmic activities have been frequent.In this context,this research work aims to develop an analysis methodology to evaluate the human comfort and assess the fatigue performance of steel-concrete composite floors when subjected to human rhythmic activities(aerobics).The investigated structural model corresponds to a steel-concrete floor with dimensions of 10 m×10 m and a total area of 100 m^(2).The numerical model developed for the dynamic analysis of the floor adopted the usual mesh refinement techniques present in finite element method(FEM)simulations implemented in the ANSYS program.The investigated floor dynamic response was calculated through the consideration of people practicing rhythmic activities on the structure,in order to verify the occurrence of excessive vibration and to assess the human comfort.The fatigue assessment is based on a linear cumulative damage rule through the use of the Rainflow-counting algorithm and S-N curves from traditional design codes.The results indicated that,in several analysed situations,the investigated floor presents excessive vibration and user’s discomfort.On the other hand,the structure service life values were higher than those proposed by the design codes,ensuring that the members,connections and joints will not fail by fatigue cracking.

Automotive Ride Comfort Control Using MR Fluid Damper

In this paper, the performance of automotive ride comfort using Bouc-Wen type magneto-rheological (MR) fluid damper is studied using a two degree of freedom quarter car model. The sliding mode control is used to force the MR damper to follow the dynamics of ideal sky-hock model. The model is tested on two excitations, the first is a road hump with severe peak amplitude and the second is a statistical random road. The results are generated and presented in time and frequency domains using Matlab/Simulink software. Comparison with the fully active, ideal semi-active and conventional passive suspension systems are given as a root mean square values. Simulation results, for the designed controller, show that with the controllable MR damper has a significant improvement for the vehicle road holding then its lateral stability as well as road damage in comparison with passive, fully active and ideal semi-active suspension systems.

Human Comfort Evaluation of a Steel-Concrete Composite Building Subjected to Aerobics

The current steel-concrete composite floors design might be susceptible to the resonance phenomenon, causing undesirable vibrations in the frequency range that is the most noticeable to humans, i.e., 4 Hz to 8 Hz. This way, the main objective of this work is to investigate the dynamic structural behaviour of a steel-concrete composite multi-storey building when subjected to human rhythmic activities （aerobics）. The studied structural model represents a typical interior floor bay of a commercial building used for gym and is composed by three floor levels spanning 20 m by 20 m, with a total area of 3×400 m2. An extensive parametric study was developed aiming to obtain the peak accelerations, RMS （root mean square） accelerations and VDV （vibration dose value） values, based on two different mathematical formulations. The human comfort of the building was analysed and the vibration transmissibility related to the steel columns was verified. Based on the found results, the investigated structural model presented high vibration levels that compromise the human comfort.

大功率拖拉机驾驶室振动仿真与试验验证

针对路面不平度引起的拖拉机振动及驾驶员驾驶疲劳等问题,以大功率拖拉机为研究对象,基于车辆动力学理论建立六自由度人-椅-路面拖拉机振动模型,仿真拖拉机动态工况下人椅系统的振动传递过程。为验证模型的准确性,在田间及沥青道路上进行实车试验,测量动态工况下拖拉机座椅及人体头部、腰部、腿部的振动加速度,并与模型仿真结果进行对比;通过加速度响应的时域和频域分析,把加权加速度均方根值作为评价指标,对驾驶员的振动舒适性进行评价分析。结果表明:建立的人椅系统模型与振动试验的结果有很高的一致性,模型具有良好的预测效果,且驾驶员测量部位因振动产生的不舒适感由低到高为头部、腿部、腰部,为拖拉机减振及座椅设计提供了参考。

基于评价指标转换法的地铁环境振动烦恼度研究

为研究地铁环境振动水平与人体主观烦恼度感受之间的关系,采用指标换算法,推导了最大Z振级VL_(z, max)与四次方剂量值(vibration dose value, VDV)之间的转换关系,并通过现场测试对转换公式中的待定系数进行了拟合。借鉴基于VDV指标的暴露-响应关系研究成果,得到了基于VL_(z, max)指标的暴露-响应曲线,初步实现了基于我国国标推荐指标的居民振动烦恼度评价。研究表明:单位时间内过车数目增多会导致人体产生烦恼度的比例增加;国标GB 10070、GB/T 50355和GB 55016中推荐的振动限值所对应的居民烦恼度,与国外标准中限值所对应的烦恼度基本一致,最严格限值对应的高度烦恼度比例约为3%。

曲线钢桁桥人致振动舒适性评价现场试验研究

大跨曲线钢桁梁人行桥竖向、横向和扭转振型耦合强,人致振动舒适度评价和减振控制难度大。以湖南省长沙市浏阳河一主跨为120 m的曲线双层桥面三跨连续钢桁梁桥—汉桥为工程背景,通过理论分析和人群激励现场动力试验,识别桥梁固有模态参数,评价人致振动舒适性,优化设计调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Damper,TMD)并评价TMD的减振效果。研究表明:因桥梁第一阶竖弯模态和第一阶扭转模态的阻尼比仅为0.23%和0.3%,人致振动加速度不满足舒适性要求;采用竖向TMD进行竖弯模态和扭转模态的减振控制,减振后的桥梁满足舒适性要求。

大跨度钢-混结合梁悬索桥涡激振动控制指标体系研究

为保证已建桥梁发生涡激振动后桥梁结构的安全以及桥上行车和行人安全,提出综合考虑人员舒适性、结构受力和停车线形三方面的大跨度钢-混结合梁悬索桥涡激振动控制指标体系。该体系包含9项指标,分别为驾乘人员舒适度、驾乘人员晕动症、行人舒适度(狄克曼指标)、加劲梁强度、加劲梁应力、加劲梁挠度、桥面纵坡、竖曲线半径和停车视距。以武汉鹦鹉洲长江大桥为背景,分别计算了“限速”和“封桥”2个交通管制措施下9项指标对应的涡激振动振幅限值。在此基础上,将9项指标对应的涡激振动振幅限值的最小值作为涡激振动限值建议取值。结果表明:当该桥发生低阶竖弯涡激振动(VS1、VAS1)时,涡激振动的控制因素为加劲梁挠度指标;当大桥发生VAS2模态的竖弯涡激振动时,涡激振动由驾乘人员晕动症指标和行人舒适度指标共同控制;当大桥发生高阶竖弯涡激振动(VAS3、VAS4)时,涡激振动由行人舒适度指标控制。涡激振动控制指标体系及限值标准的计算框架可适用于不同桥型涡激振动限值的计算。

“桥建合一”型高架车站实测分析及结构减振优化

针对“桥建合一”型高架车站振动舒适度问题,以某一典型“桥建合一”型高架车站为研究对象,对列车运行引起的楼板振动进行现场实测分析,并基于车桥耦合分析理论,建立高架车站精细化有限元模型,从振源、传递路径和受振体对高架车站进行结构减振优化分析。研究表明:“桥建合一”型高架车站所受车致振动影响严重,站厅层振动敏感区为跨中楼板中心;通过提升轨道梁弹性模量、适度增加层高、在站厅层区域楼板中心布置次梁以及铺设浮筑楼板的方法均可减小楼板振动响应,但单独采取某一结构减振优化措施效果较差;同时采取以上4种结构减振优化组合措施时减振效果良好,减振后楼板中心的最大Z振级为73.15dB,减振量达13.54dB,满足振动舒适度要求。

地铁上盖建筑振动响应预测及舒适度分析——以南京地铁1号线停车维修库综合体上盖住宅项目为例

对南京市地铁1号线车库段上部待建住宅楼进行研究,探讨地铁上盖建筑受地铁出入库振动的影响。通过现场测试与数值模拟,预测不同工况下待建建筑的振动响应以及室内振动加速度限值范围。模拟结果表明,采用底部加速度法将所测轨道、混凝土柱的振动输入计算模型中,可以获得待建建筑三向位移变化,并进行结构易损部位及预警分析,判断建筑安全性。通过模拟8种工况,计算得到1~80 Hz频率范围内各建筑楼板1/3倍频程中心频率下的加速度响应有效值和加速度振级,获取了住宅舒适度影响较大区域的具体坐标。研究成果对结构减振及舒适度提升具有参考意义。

人致结构振动舒适度评估标准研究综述

人致结构振动在大跨工程结构设计中日益受到重视,但振动评价标准的相关研究却相对滞后。首先通过文献的知识图谱分析,得到了近期研究关键词的共性分析图、聚类分析图和突现性表。结果表明:振动舒适度限值是振动舒适度领域近期研究的热点。进而从试验研究和标准规范两个维度,对近百年来代表性的振动舒适度限值研究进行了梳理,整理了近40部规范的规定及相互承启关系。结果表明:传统研究方式难以避免人的特殊性和主观感受差异性对试验结果的影响,各规范存在数据基础薄弱、振动指标不统一、影响因素单一、覆盖性和延续性差等问题。最后讨论了未来两个可能的工作方向。

新型准零刚度空气悬架系统的设计与分析

为提高商用汽车在低频外部激励环境下的隔振性能以及行驶平顺性,基于准零刚度理论,采用正负刚度并联的方式,将负刚度碟形弹簧组与正刚度空气弹簧相结合,设计一种新型准零刚度悬架系统。通过静力学特性分析,建立力位移和刚度位移表达式,得到系统达到准零刚度的参数条件;通过动力学特性分析,建立系统的二自由度模型和简谐力作用下的非线性运动微分方程,得到力传递率特性曲线并对其进行分析。结果表明新结构的低频隔振性能显著提升。基于刚度位移表达式建立2自由度1/4悬架模型,分别对准零刚度系统与传统系统的垂向加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动载荷等平顺性指标的差异性进行分析,仿真结果表明,该准零刚度系统的平顺性改善效果亦优于传统结构。

纯电动汽车脉冲激励下残余振动的多目标优化

利用Adams/Car软件建立某电机后置纯电动汽车的整车虚拟样机模型,并展开对电动汽车过坎冲击残余振动问题的研究。建立一个新的优化目标—振衰度来表示残余振动的大小,并利用Isight集成Adams/Car、MATLAB模块对残余振动进行两次优化目标不同的优化。首次优化目标是振衰度和后座椅垂向加速度峰值,第二次优化目标是后座椅垂向加速度峰值,并将两次优化结果作对比。仿真结果表明,首次优化目标对残余振动优化的效果好于第二次,说明新建的优化目标—“振衰度”能较好地衡量残余振动衰减速度的快慢,以此为优化目标对残余振动优化效果较好。

西安领事馆区丝路国际文化艺术中心剧院结构设计

西安领事馆区丝路国际文化艺术中心剧院结构由钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙主体与异形空间钢结构外罩组合而成,是具有体型复杂、内部空旷、跨度大等特点的混合结构。主体结构存在楼板不连续、局部不规则两项不规则项。针对不规则项及关键问题,提出加强措施及抗震性能目标。经过计算分析,找出薄弱部分进行加强,验证主体结构满足预设性能目标的要求。通过多模型比较研究发现,钢结构外罩对主体结构的影响不可忽略。对大跨、长悬挑处楼板进行了振动舒适度验算,对大跨转换钢桁架进行了竖向地震工况的补充计算,进行了楼板在温度与地震工况下受力分析。结果表明主体结构满足承载力和正常使用极限状态的要求。

车辆载荷下钢弹簧浮置板轨道振动特性分析

建立车辆-钢弹簧浮置板轨道垂向耦合振动有限元模型,分析车载作用下的浮置板轨道和车辆垂向振动特性。结果表明,钢轨和车体垂向振动在浮置板1阶弯曲频率(10 Hz)、P2共振频率、部分阶次的轮对弯曲频率及车轮辐板模态频率处存在明显峰值,其中车体振动在车体浮沉频率(1 Hz左右)处也存在明显峰值。扣件刚度和阻尼的影响主要在轮对1阶弯曲频率以内的车辆-轨道系统耦合振动行为,扣件阻尼在高频处对轨道垂向振动也有较大影响。钢弹簧刚度和阻尼主要影响浮置板1阶弯曲频率附近的车辆和轨道响应,对车辆运行平稳性影响显著。车辆悬挂参数及车体和构架质量对轨道振动基本无影响,簧下质量通过P2共振以及系统约束下的轮对1阶弯曲和辐板对称伞形模态影响轨道振动。增大一系悬挂刚度和阻尼以及二系悬挂阻尼会增大中高频的车体垂向振动加速度,二系悬挂刚度主要影响车体浮沉频率附近的车体垂向振动。车体、构架和簧下质量对车体浮沉运动、浮置板1阶弯曲和P2共振处的车体振动加速度峰值有影响。

基于随机行走模型的人致振动舒适度研究

为研究人群密度对人行桥结构的振动影响,首先,建立了双向随机行走模型,推导了随机荷载作用下结构振动响应解析解;然后,对比分析了人群密度对结构振动响应的影响规律;最后,通过研究行人实感时程与总时程之间的相关关系,定义了舒适度放大系数,以荆州市某人行天桥为例,进行振动舒适度评价,验证了双向随机行走模型及舒适度放大系数的适用性。结果表明:人行桥结构加速度响应随人群密度增大呈现出先增大后减小的规律;行人实感时程与总时程具有显著的相关性,根据舒适度放大系数可建立对应关系;舒适度放大系数随着振动响应峰值的增大而减小,随着人群密度的增大而增大;该类结果对人行桥振动舒适度定量计算具有参考借鉴意义。