Deep Learning for EMG-based Human-Machine Interaction:A Review

Electromyography(EMG)has already been broadly used in human-machine interaction(HMI)applications.Determining how to decode the information inside EMG signals robustly and accurately is a key problem for which we urgently need a solution.Recently,many EMG pattern recognition tasks have been addressed using deep learning methods.In this paper,we analyze recent papers and present a literature review describing the role that deep learning plays in EMG-based HMI.An overview of typical network structures and processing schemes will be provided.Recent progress in typical tasks such as movement classification,joint angle prediction,and force/torque estimation will be introduced.New issues,including multimodal sensing,inter-subject/inter-session,and robustness toward disturbances will be discussed.We attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of current research by discussing the advantages,challenges,and opportunities brought by deep learning.We hope that deep learning can aid in eliminating factors that hinder the development of EMG-based HMI systems.Furthermore,possible future directions will be presented to pave the way for future research.

Fully Fabric-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators as Self-Powered Human-Machine Interactive Keyboards

Combination flexible and stretchable textiles with self-powered sensors bring a novel insight into wearable functional electronics and cyber security in the era of Internet of Things.This work presents a highly flexible and self-powered fully fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator(F-TENG)with sandwiched structure for biomechanical energy harvesting and real-time biometric authentication.The prepared F-TENG can power a digital watch by low-frequency motion and respond to the pressure change by the fall of leaves.A self-powered wearable keyboard(SPWK)is also fabricated by integrating large-area F-TENG sensor arrays,which not only can trace and record electrophysiological signals,but also can identify individuals’typing characteristics by means of the Haar wavelet.Based on these merits,the SPWK has promising applications in the realm of wearable electronics,self-powered sensors,cyber security,and artificial intelligences.

Digital Twin Technology of Human-Machine Integration in Cross-Belt Sorting System

The Chinese express delivery industry processes nearly 110 billion items in 2022,averaging an annual growth rate of 200%.Among the various types of sorting systems used for handling express items,cross-belt sorting systems stand out as the most crucial.However,despite their high degree of automation,the workload for operators has intensified owing to the surging volume of express items.In the era of Industry 5.0,it is imperative to adopt new technologies that not only enhance worker welfare but also improve the efficiency of cross-belt systems.Striking a balance between efficiency in handling express items and operator well-being is challenging.Digital twin technology offers a promising solution in this respect.A realization method of a human-machine integrated digital twin is proposed in this study,enabling the interaction of biological human bodies,virtual human bodies,virtual equipment,and logistics equipment in a closed loop,thus setting an operating framework.Key technologies in the proposed framework include a collection of heterogeneous data from multiple sources,construction of the relationship between operator fatigue and operation efficiency based on physiological measurements,virtual model construction,and an online optimization module based on real-time simulation.The feasibility of the proposed method was verified in an express distribution center.

Web GIS Human-Machine Interactive Interface Design with VISI

The fusion of VlSI （visual identity system Internet）, digital maps and Web GIS is presented. Web GIS interface interactive design with VISI needs to consider more new factors. VISI can provide the design principle, elements and contents for the Web GIS. The design of the Wuhan Bus Search System is fulfilled to confirm the validity and practicability of the fusion.

BLIND SPEECH SEPARATION FOR ROBOTS WITH INTELLIGENT HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION

Speech recognition rate will deteriorate greatly in human-machine interaction when the speaker's speech mixes with a bystander's voice. This paper proposes a time-frequency approach for Blind Source Seperation (BSS) for intelligent Human-Machine Interaction(HMI). Main idea of the algorithm is to simultaneously diagonalize the correlation matrix of the pre-whitened signals at different time delays for every frequency bins in time-frequency domain. The prososed method has two merits: (1) fast convergence speed; (2) high signal to interference ratio of the separated signals. Numerical evaluations are used to compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with two other deconvolution algorithms. An efficient algorithm to resolve permutation ambiguity is also proposed in this paper. The algorithm proposed saves more than 10% of computational time with properly selected parameters and achieves good performances for both simulated convolutive mixtures and real room recorded speeches.

A Robotic Teleoperation System for Precise Robotic Manipulation by Human-Machine Interaction

Teleoperation is of great importance in the area of robotics,especially when people are unavailable in the robot workshop.It provides a way for people to control robots remotely using human intelligence.In this paper,a robotic teleoperation system for precise robotic manipulation is established.The data glove and the 7-degrees of freedom(DOFs)force feedback controller are used for the remote control interaction.The control system and the monitor system are designed for the remote precise manipulation.The monitor system contains an image acquisition system and a human-machine interaction module,and aims to simulate and detect the robot running state.Besides,a visual object tracking algorithm is developed to estimate the states of the dynamic system from noisy observations.The established robotic teleoperation systemis applied to a series of experiments,and high-precision results are obtained,showing the effectiveness of the physical system.

Designing interactive glazing through an engineering psychology approach:Six augmented reality scenarios that envision future car human-machine interface

Background With an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous,intelligent,and connected,paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant.Several studies have addressed car HMI but were less attentive to designing and implementing interactive glazing for every day(autonomous)driving contexts.Methods Reflecting on the literature,we describe an engineering psychology practice and the design of six novel future user scenarios,which envision the application of a specific set of augmented reality(AR)support user interactions.Additionally,we conduct evaluations on specific scenarios and experiential prototypes,which reveal that these AR scenarios aid the target user groups in experiencing a new type of interaction.The overall evaluation is positive with valuable assessment results and suggestions.Conclusions This study can interest applied psychology educators who aspire to teach how AR can be operationalized in a human-centered design process to students with minimal pre-existing expertise or minimal scientific knowledge in engineering psychology.

Human-machine compatibility and dynamic analysis of a novel unpowered and self-adaptive shoulder rehabilitation exoskeleton

To reduce the complexity of the configuration and control strategy for shoulder rehabilitation exoskeleton,a 2R1R1P2R serial of shoulder exoskeleton based on gravity balance is proposed.Based on three basic rotatory shoulder joints,an exact kinematic constraint system can be formed between the exoskeleton and the upper arm by introducing a passive sliding pair and a center of glenohumeral(CGH)unpowered compensation mechanism,which realizes the human-machine kinematic compatibility.Gravity balance is used in the CGH compensation mechanism to provide shoulder joint support.Meanwhile,the motion of the compensation mechanism is pulled by doing reverse leading through the arm to realize the kinematic self-adaptive,which decreases control complexity.Besides,a simple and intuitive spring adjustment strategy is proposed to ensure the gravity balance of any prescribed quality.Furthermore,according to the influencing factors analysis of the scapulohumeral rhythm,the kinematic analysis of CGH mechanism is performed,which shows that the mechanism can fit the trajectory of CGH under various conditions.Finally,the dynamic simulation of the mechanism is carried out.Results indicate that the compensation torques are reduced to below 0.22 N·m,and the feasibility of the mechanism is also verified.

Relationship between Inter Canine Width and Inter Alar Width, Inter Commissural Width, and Inter Canthal Distance: A Pilot Study

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between inter canine width (ICW) and inter alar width (IAW), inter commissural width (ICoW), and inter canthal distance (ICaD) in Bantu population. Materials and Methods: It was a pilot study included all participants who were aged at least 18 years, without a history of orthodontics treatment from Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Kinshasa. The Ethics committee of the National Center of Research for Dental Sciences in DR Congo approved the study protocol (CNRSB 1504.218). The participants medical records were obtained from the interview and dental examination. Nature of the study was explained with participant information sheet, and an informed consent of all participants was obtained. The inclusion criteria were no missing maxillary and mandibular teeth, no diastema, and no anterior restorations, 18 years old before enrollment in the study. The exclusion criteria were inability to meet the above requirements, pregnancy, and refusal to participate in the study. The inter-canine width (ICW), inter alar width (IAW), inter canthal distance (ICaD) and inter-commissural width (ICoW) of each participant were measured with a digital Vernier caliper (Mitutoyo, UK Ltd.,) (0.01 mm) three times and the average value was recorded. The inter canthal distance (ICaD) was measured without applying pressure by bringing the recording parts of the caliper just in contact with the medial angle. The inter alar width (IAW) was marked with a fine marked pencil on the widest outer surface of the alae of the nose on either side or width. Those two points were measured without applying pressure by bringing the recording parts of the caliper just in contact with the outer surface. The participant was told to stop breathing shortly to avoid any change in shape of the nose. The inter-commissural width (ICoW) was determined by measuring the maxillary lip vermilion from commissure to commissure without the application of pressure on the tissue in the relaxed state. The inter-canine width (ICW) was measured indirectly using a dental floss. A dental floss was marked on one end prior to placement in the mouth. Using that point as reference, the dental floss was circumference along the curvature of the anterior dentition such that it passed along the contact point of all the teeth. The distal end of the canine teeth on both sides was then marked on the floss while it was stretched in the patients mouth. Floss was marked on both sides with the marker pencil. The distance between the two proximal contact points was measured and recorded. Data, analysis and validation were performed by the SPSS software (version 22.0, IBM SPSS Statistics, Chicago, IL, USA). Unpaired t-test was used, of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to test for comparability between socio-demographic characteristics dental measurements. Pearsons correlation coefficients test was calculated to determine the relationship between facial and dental parameters. Significance was set at P 0.01. Results: Of 314 participants enrolled, 202 were included. The age ranged from 18 to 68 years, with a mean age of 40.62 12.99 years. Although the Pearsons correlation coefficients were negative. Ninety-three participants (46%) were men and one hundred and nine (54%) were women. The overall mean age was 40.62 12.99 years. Facial and dental measurements were greater in women than men with significant differences for ICW (p = 0.04). However, no significant difference was seen between men and women for IAW, ICaD and ICoW (p = 0.44, p = 0.23, p = 0.31 respectively). The correlation including Pearsons correlation coefficient and P-values for all participants is not demonstrated. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that IAW, ICaD and ICoW cannot be used as a preliminary method for determining the width of the maxillary for anterior teeth for edentulous patients.

The Human-Machine Safety Design of Mechanical Toys for Children

In order to ensure the safety of children while using machineries and avoid harm caused by mechanical toys,this paper analyzes the types and detection standards of children’s toys,discusses the reasons for the harm caused by these toys,and proposes human-machine safety design strategies for children’s toys as reference.

美国丽人 INTERATIONAL AUTO SHOW——2004纽约车展

2005 Jaguar xJ LWB 新的XJ比以前的XJ轻了约200公斤,而比最接近的对手,也轻了有100公斤。这个重量上的优势也同样的在LWB型号上得到了体现,它亦是同级中最轻的。如同最新一代的标准轴距XJ,新XJLWB也共享了先进的铝质结构的所有优势,包括轻重量以及突出的车身强度增强。

Inter-Row Spacing of PV Power Plant

When designing a solar power plant, it is much more important to avoid the shadow on the PV Panels. As the shadow falls on the PV Panels;it significantly reduces the generation of required power as planned and designed. This research paper and case study will help a lot to avoid shadow, especially when selecting inter-row spacing between the strings of solar power plants.

Inter-Fraction Analysis of One Week Hypo-Fractionation of Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) Technique for Left Sided Breast Cancer Radiation Treatment

The aim of this study was to investigate the inter-fraction variations, patient comfort and knowledge at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH). The differences in set-up that occurred between treatment sessions for the left sided breast patients were observed and recorded. Measurements of routine set-up variation for 24 patients were performed by matching the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the planning computed tomography (CT). Scans of all five fractions per patient were used to quantify the setup variations with standard deviation (SD) in all the three directions (anterior posterior, left right, and superior inferior). The patients DIBH comfort and knowledge was also evaluated. The average translational errors for the anterior posterior (AP, z), left-right (LR, x), and Superior-inferior (SI, y) directions were 0.40 cm, 0.40 cm, and 0.40 cm, respectively. The translation variation of the three directions showed statistical significance (P < 0.05). On comfort and knowledge investigation, among all participants, 80% moderately agreed that the therapist’s instructions for operating the deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique were easy to understand, and 63.33% indicated that their comfort with the DIBH technique was neutral or average. The inter-fraction variations in patients with left-sided breast cancer were qualitatively analyzed. Significant shifts between CBCT and planning CT images were observed. The daily treatment verification could assist accurate dose delivery.

颈椎前路减压Inter Fix椎体间融合

目的 观察颈椎前路减压InterFix椎体间融合的稳定性及融合效果。方法 采用前路减压InterFix椎体间融合术治疗颈椎病及颈椎间盘突出症 2 7例 ,术后定期摄颈椎X线片检查 ,观察手术椎节的稳定性和融合情况。结果 随访 7～ 19个月 ,术后次日即下床活动 ,手术节段稳定 ,术后 3～ 4个月融合。结论 InterFix颈椎椎体间固定融合技术使施术椎节立即稳定 ,避免了自体植骨引起的并发症 ,可作为颈椎前路减压后椎体间融合的一种方法。

InterTAN治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效的影响因素分析

目的：探讨多因素对于Inter TAN治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效的影响,为其合理治疗提供临床依据。方法：回顾分析2010年4月至2012年10月期间收治的老年股骨转子间骨折115例。回顾期间的5个相关影响因素：致病原因、年龄、骨折类型、手术时机、术后康复。采用Harris评分及患者满意度评价术后疗效。首先进行单因素分析。计数资料、等级分组资料采用χ2检验,将单因素分析后P〈0.05的因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果：随访6~36个月[平均（12.2±4.6）个月]。末次Harris功能评分：52~98分,平均（73.6±10.4）分,依据评判标准结果：优72例,良28例,一般15例,差0例,优良率86.95%。单因素分析,术后疗效不受年龄、致病原因影响。Logistic回归分析：骨折类型系数值=-1.508,P=0.003;手术时机系数值=-1.419,P=0.009;术后康复系数值1.351,P=0.000。结论：股骨转子间骨折使用Inter TAN治疗,临床疗效满意。建议尽早行手术治疗,并进行术后康复锻炼。

Inter Tan、PFNA在治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折加压作用的对比研究

目的比较Inter Tan和PFNA两种方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折加压固定后的加压效果。方法 59例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者随机分为2组,分别给予Inter Tan(n=39例)和PFNA(n=20例)治疗,X线随访2组患者术前、术后即时、术后4周和术后24周时骨折分离距离。结果 Inter Tan和PFNA两种方法治疗患者术前、术后即时和术后24周时骨折分离距离差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但是在术后4周时发现PFNA组有20.0%患者有骨折线增宽表现,而Inter Tan组仅为5.1%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Inter Tan固定系统由于具有双螺钉交锁加压作用,在粗隆间骨折患者骨折复位后二次加压及持续维持加压作用方面,优于PFNA固定系统。

防旋髓内钉和InterTan固定A3型股骨转子间骨折：生物力学变化的有限元分析

背景:股骨转子间骨折是髋部常见骨折之一,伴随着老年骨质疏松以及高能量伤,骨折线常常下移导致A3型股骨转子间骨折,治疗困难。常见的髓内固定包括股骨近端防旋髓内钉和Inter Tan等,由于其具有较高的稳定性和微创性,得到了广泛的应用。目的:通过有限元分析的方法比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉和InterT an修复股骨转子间A3型骨折的生物力学稳定性。方法:分别建立AO3.1,3.2,3.3型股骨转子间骨折及股骨近端防旋髓内钉和InterT an两种内固定的三维有限元模型,按骨科要求予以固定,观察不同模型股骨、内固定的应力分布,比较股骨及内固定模型不同区域的应力峰值,分析其生物力学稳定性。结果与结论:AO3.1型骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉组股骨侧应力集中在股骨近端外侧,InterT an组股骨侧应力集中在股骨近端内侧;AO3.2型骨折两种内固定系统股骨侧各个区域均无明显应力集中;AO3.3型骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉组股骨侧应力集中在股骨近端内侧及内固定远端内侧,InterT an组股骨侧无明显应力集中。6种模型内固定远端应力均集中在内侧,其中股骨近端防旋髓内钉组应力大于InterT an组;内固定远端内外侧应力差值股骨近端防旋髓内钉组大于InterT an组;除股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定AO3.3型骨折外,其余5种模型应力峰值均位于头钉与主钉交叉处内侧。提示AO3.1和AO3.3型骨折中,InterT an比股骨近端防旋髓内钉具有更好的稳定性,AO3.2型骨折中,二者稳定性无明显差异;采用InterT an修复股骨转子间骨折时股骨端应力分布更加合理。

Inter Tan系统治疗老年股骨转子间骨折19例

据统计,1990年全球与骨质疏松有关的股骨近端骨折患者约166万,预计2050年可能达到626万,69岁以上老年患者髋部骨折病死率高,其中股骨转子间骨折死亡率约15%～20%〔1〕。为了尽量减少老年患者保守治疗并发症的发生,老年转子间骨折临床上首选内固定治疗,可供选择的内固定方法很多〔2,3〕,但由于老年人骨质的特殊性,现有的内固定器材都很难满足老年患者股骨转子间骨折的治疗需求。新一代股骨近端顺行联合拉力交锁髓内（Inter Tan）系统的问世,给老年股骨转子间骨折的治疗提供了新的途径。本文就应用Inter Tan系统治疗老年股骨转子间骨折进行临床分析。

Genetic relationship of interspecies for eight birch species

Genetic relationships of eight species of genus Betula were evaluated using ISSR marks. A total of 236 loci were generated from 17 ISSR primers. Percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) varied from 5.93 to 19.92. The highest and the lowest level of genetic differentiation were detected in B. ovalifolia and B. maximowicziana Regel respectively. In these eight species, genetic diversity of birch (HT) was 24.38 %, and the genetic variation (GST ) interspecies was accounting for 79.36% of total genetic variation. According to the cluster results of genetic distance, the eight species were classified into three groups as B. davurica, B. ovalifolia, B. platyphylla and B. pendula for one group; B. schmidtii, B. costata and B. ermanii Cham. var. communis for one group, and B. maximowicziana Regel for another group. The result of cluster is consistent with traditional morphological classification.

G形臂X线机透视下闭合复位InterTan髓内钉固定治疗股骨近端骨折41例

老年人容易发生股骨近端骨折,包括股骨颈骨折、股骨粗隆骨折、股骨粗隆下骨折。尽管外科技术发展很快,但对股骨近端骨折的固定方式还存在一些争议,大多采用关节置换的方法,效果较好,但可造成较大创伤。近年来有专家认为,对老年股骨颈骨折可选择性的进行关节置换,可采用G形臂X线机透视辅助下闭合复位手术[1]。