竞技科学(Sports Science)的发展趋势——人体运动科学的诞生

本文分三个步骤来探讨竞技科学的发展:首先,竞技和竞技科学的历史演进;其次,竞技科学潜在的未来发展趋势;最后,为本文所提出的论点提供支持性论据。竞技科学应该而且必定将扩展成为人类运动科学;未来之人体运动科学拥有良机使自身发展成为一门促进人类幸福的重要学科。

SPORTS的哲学随想

中国体育因西方Sports的传入而产生,但二者的精神实质是有区别的。锻炼是明哲保身的哲学,Sports是英雄主义的哲学。商业的渗透在促进Sports兴盛的同时又毁灭着Sports。Sports是庄严和谋勇的游戏,形似战争不是战争。在Sports中体现了人们对人类平等的执着追求。

Human Pose Estimation and Object Interaction for Sports Behaviour

In the new era of technology,daily human activities are becoming more challenging in terms of monitoring complex scenes and backgrounds.To understand the scenes and activities from human life logs,human-object interaction(HOI)is important in terms of visual relationship detection and human pose estimation.Activities understanding and interaction recognition between human and object along with the pose estimation and interaction modeling have been explained.Some existing algorithms and feature extraction procedures are complicated including accurate detection of rare human postures,occluded regions,and unsatisfactory detection of objects,especially small-sized objects.The existing HOI detection techniques are instancecentric(object-based)where interaction is predicted between all the pairs.Such estimation depends on appearance features and spatial information.Therefore,we propose a novel approach to demonstrate that the appearance features alone are not sufficient to predict the HOI.Furthermore,we detect the human body parts by using the Gaussian Matric Model(GMM)followed by object detection using YOLO.We predict the interaction points which directly classify the interaction and pair them with densely predicted HOI vectors by using the interaction algorithm.The interactions are linked with the human and object to predict the actions.The experiments have been performed on two benchmark HOI datasets demonstrating the proposed approach.

Primary Exploration of the Diversified Development of Sports Public Service in our Country

The ultimate objective of sports public service is to pay attention to the development of human beings. It is the absolute trend of health conception pursuit by the growing material and cultural lives of the people. When the modem society is interpreting the concept, the connotation and the development objective of sports public services, it conforms to the scientific concept of development that takes humans as essentials. With the target of the development of three stages, it realizes the service system at which the government macro-control and all sectors of society mutually participate. In addition, it also realizes the service system in which the rural-urban sports public service develops with the characteristics of diversification, multi-subjects and multi-centers. These are to be gradually realized on the perspectives of management mode, supply mode, and operation mechanism as well as the social guarantee mechanism, etc. In this way, the sports public service in our country is ensured to develop gradually and stably.

Vigorous Development of Sports and Human Rights of Ethnic Minorities in China

In recent years,the sports and cultural undertakings of ethnic minorities in China have made great progress.In the coming February,we are about to embrace the Chinese Lunar New Year,as well as the 24th Olympic Winter Games,which has attracted worldwide attention.Taking this opportunity,CEMAFEE and the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)conducted a research concerning the development of sports of China’s ethnic minorities.We wish to share the research outcome with friends from the United Nations Human Rights Council.

The Implications of Sports Rights in Building a Leading Sports Nation

As a basic human right,sports rights are increasingly recognized by the international community.The national legislation and strategic plan for building China into a leading sports nation have contributed to forming a multi-field and all-round sports rights protection system.From the perspective of proactive rights and passive rights,sports rights include the freedom to choose free from illegal interference and reflect the social rights for which the state will guarantee the resources.From the perspective of basic rights and ordinary rights,the right to equal participation,the right to sports health,and the right to education constitute the main content of sports rights as a basic right,and the right to sports culture is the concentrated expression of ordinary rights.From the perspective of individual rights and collective rights,the right to sports achievement is a concentrated reflection of the former.Meanwhile,the latter covers the protection of sports rights of vulnerable groups and the balanced development of regional sports.The strategic plan for building a leading sports nation has further clarified China’s basic obligation in safeguarding sports rights in terms of legislative policy planning,financial support,life-cycle services,sustainable development,playing the role of stakeholders and strengthening sports cooperation with other countries and regions,including Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan.

On the Legal Protection of Sports Rights of Persons with Disabilities in China

Although China has formed a legal system for the protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities and a sports legal system,it cannot be concluded that the legal protection system of sports rights of persons with disabilities has been established.The basis of the legal protection of sports rights of persons with disabilities in China originates from a“bundle of basic rights”defined by the Constitution.The legal protection is characterized by diversified standards and norms,high levels of effectiveness and various contents of legislation.Compared with the right to rehabilitation,the right to employment,and the right to education,the legal protection of sports rights of persons with disabilities still faces the problems of unclear distribution of administrative supply responsibility and lack of corresponding judicial relief in the protection model of public-private partnership.To better realize the rights and interests of persons with disabilities and ensure the goal of“equality,participation,and sharing,”it is necessary to promote the equalization and diversification of legal protection for sports rights of persons with disabilities,so as to realize equal rights,all-round development,and social integration.For the purpose of improving the legal protection of sports rights of persons with disabilities,the principle of subsidiarity should be introduced into the protection model of public-private partnership,and administrative public interest litigation should be taken as a new channel to protect rights,to realize the coordinated development of mass sports,competitive sports,and the sports industry of persons with disabilities.

人机协同:体育赛事裁判模式的转型与建构

作为主流体育赛事裁判模式的机器辅助裁判模式,受限于对体育赛事流畅性的追求,在实现体育赛事裁判的价值方面产生以下困境:在事实层面动摇公正性价值;在机器运算过程中破坏公开性价值;在运动员权利保障方面损害公平性价值。基于人工智能的技术能力,在人机协同裁判模式下,体育赛事流畅性与裁判价值的矛盾可以得到化解。为建立人机协同裁判模式,建议:承认人工智能具有裁判资格,使其享有独立作出判罚的权力;改进算法决策的内在缺陷,抵御算法决策的外在干扰;通过区分事实性判罚与非事实性判罚,在事实性判罚中改变机器设备的辅助定位,构建类似于“两审终审暨审判监督制度”的人机协同裁判模式。

探索中国体育强国建设的理论起点——立足马克思主义哲学关于对人的本质认识方向

构建中国体育强国建设理论体系的首要问题是找出合理的理论起点。要完成这个任务,必须坚持马克思主义哲学关于对人的本质认识方向,通过借鉴资本主义商业体育的理论起点,到分析社会主义体育探索“人的全面发展”的理论起点,最后以马克思主义中国化最新理论成果,即习近平总书记关于体育的重要论述为指引。一方面,资本主义体育发展建设以资本主义的“剩余价值”为理论阐释点,它同样蕴含着“人的发展”的各种规定,由此引发了在一定制度下面向“人的发展”的体育发展成果的探析;另一方面,习近平总书记关于体育的重要论述则确定了“人的价值”的理论主线。借鉴马克思主义体育思想,重视与教育匹配的社会关系,准确把握习近平总书记关于实现体育的“人的价值”的初心维度的重要论述,可以得到结论,“遵循社会发展与人的发展的统一性”是中国体育强国建设的理论起点。

国际体育仲裁人权保护路径及其发展趋向研究

法治是秩序的灵魂,人权是秩序的基准。国际体育仲裁折射出的本质是人权保护。在仲裁过程中,程序公正是其必然要求,司法介入是人权救济的最后路径。从人权保护的发展趋向研析,国际体育仲裁具有审查监督国际化、管理机制科学化以及仲裁范式本土化的特征。

冰雪运动可穿戴装备关键技术研究综述与展望

冰雪运动可穿戴装备通过数据采集与分析对冰雪爱好者的运动状态进行实时监测并反馈,有助于他们体姿调整,进而提高滑雪竞技水平。冰雪运动可穿戴装备相关关键技术已经成为国内外学者研究的热点。综述冰雪运动的运动学和动力学与多传感器融合技术、能源供给与优化的可穿戴装备续航能力以及友好的人机交互虚拟现实技术等研究进展,总结各种研究的优劣性,可以为冰雪运动可穿戴装备今后的研发奠定坚实的理论基础。最后对冰雪运动可穿戴装备研究的前景进行展望。

中华武术参与人类命运共同体构建的理论意涵、内在旨向与实践向度

运用文献资料等方法,从理论意涵、内在旨向和实践向度3个维度,探析中华武术参与人类命运共同体构建的现实问题。研究认为,中华武术参与人类命运共同体构建具有“回归生命”与“和合共生”的理论意涵。中华武术参与人类命运共同体构建,在“生命”维度上,具有内在一致的“生命意涵”;在“共生”思维上,具有内生的“和合共生”精神依归,二者秉承“和合共生”的和谐精神、对接“和合共生”的公平精神、追求“和合共生”的自由精神;“美好生活”是中华武术参与人类命运共同体构建的目标旨归。中华武术更好参与人类命运共同体构建实践,需要进一步彰显中华武术促进生命健康的公共价值,构建生命利益共同体;讲好中华武术“和合共生”的故事,构建和谐社会共同体;提升中华武术国际传播话语权,增进武术文化认同,构建武术情感共同体。

新时代“完整的人”教育体系中的体育价值审思与路径

“完整的人”在教育语境中即德智体美劳全面发展的人。为各育的破壁发展,有机融合提供体育方案,贡献体育智慧,运用文献资料、逻辑分析法,梳理从新中国到新时代,体育的主流价值取向由强健体魄,劳动卫国;改革开放,服务发展;五育融合,全面育人的流变历程。审思新时代“完整的人”教育体系中的体育价值定位于健体、树德、促智、塑美、助劳的综合协同育人,同时价值实现面临目标定位困境、课程设置困境和教学实施困境。构建了立足体育价值新定位,更新学校体育目标体系;上升五育并举理论高度,加强体育课程建设;以体育课程为依据,推进体育教学改革;建立体育综合评价体系,重视反馈调控的发展路径。

从异化到人化:体育空间中科技介入的哲学思考

新兴科技的应用极大地推动了体育空间的高质量发展,但科技的深度介入也使体育空间面临一些风险或挑战。运用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,从科技介入视角审视体育空间的演进,并在探究科技异化与科技人化的辩证关系基础上对体育空间中的异化现象及其消解进路进行深入探讨。研究认为:科技异化在体育空间中主要体现为人的主体性地位被客体性符号异化、体育场景的差异化被同质化异化、体育空间的生态价值被工具价值异化。据此提出科技人化理念下体育空间的发展理路:提升个性化服务与人文关怀,关注个体的体育健康促进;增强沉浸体验与社群互联,构建多元互动的体育场景;推动生态融合与健康传播,打造绿色可持续发展的体育空间。

论民族体育促进人与自然和谐共生

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,探究我国民族体育促进人与自然和谐共生。民族体育对于促进人与自然和谐共生的价值:尊重自然的生态意识,顺应自然的健康理念,保护自然的教育思想。现实基础:区域民族体育资源的协同发展,社会生态体育文化的现实传承,体旅文卫融合发展的政策方针。实践路径:因势利导挖掘民族体育文化,增强民族文化生态保护;因地制宜建设民族体育公园,促进体旅深度融合发展;统筹兼顾城乡民族体育资源,实现经济生态效益共融。

基于BlazePose与深度相机的体育评价系统

在目前的体育自动化测试和训练中,往往需要受试者穿戴多种传感器,影响了成绩的发挥,另一方面,仅依靠二维图像或深度相机的动作捕捉方法也难以全面、准确地描述人体运动姿态。论文针对上述问题,提出一种适用于常规体测项目的动作评价系统,首先将二维人体姿态估计模型BlazePose与深度相机结合,实现人体姿态关键点在三维空间中的准确定位,再通过卡尔曼滤波对关节点的轨迹进行平滑与估计,在此基础之上根据有限状态机的思想,以引体向上为例,完成了对多指标体测项目评价方法的设计,能够全面检测出各种犯规动作,实验表明整体正确检测率达到89%,处理速度达到20FPS,能够用于实际的辅助测试以及对个人的训练起到指导作用。

数字经济对体育用品制造企业创新绩效的影响研究

数字经济能够提升企业创新绩效赋能体育制造业高质量发展,推进我国从“制造大国”迈向“智造强国”。该研究基于2011—2021年我国省(区、市)数字经济数据与沪深A股体育用品制造业上市企业数据,探究了数字经济对企业创新绩效的微观影响及作用机制。影响结果表明,数字经济能显著提升体育用品制造企业创新绩效,这一结论在经过一系列的稳健性检验后依然成立;作用机制结果表明,数字经济可通过人力资本优化、商业模式创新两种方式提升体育用品制造企业创新绩效;异质性分析表明,数字经济对资本密集型企业、技术密集型企业和劳动密集型企业创新绩效均有正向显著影响,影响效果呈现依次递减的梯度布局。针对上述结果,该研究提出了以下建议:强化数字经济发展思维,加强数字经济与体育用品制造企业融合发展;企业应加大对高技能人力资本的培育和引进,加强员工数字技能的培训和提升;企业应重视商业模式创新,为实现企业长效创新机制提供助力;立足不同企业自身要素特点,“因企而宜”地推进数字经济对其创新发展的影响策略。

数字体育技术在运动人体科学中的具象化应用

该文深入探讨了数字体育技术在运动人体科学领域的实际应用,包括运动生物力学、生理监测以及运动训练等方面。技术的应用不仅能为运动员提供精确的数据支持,提高训练效果,还能带来显著的竞争优势。在其实践应用中,数字体育技术在人体科学中不仅存在突破空间、共享共建、跨越鸿沟的现实重大意义,也面临技术精度和数据可靠性、操作便捷性和用户体验、数据安全和隐私保护等挑战。该文旨在综合分析相关挑战,为数字体育技术与运动人体科学的深度融合提供坚实的理论基础和实践指导,进一步推动体育科学的创新与发展。

运动损伤预防中的人体生物力学应用研究

深入理解运动过程中的机械作用,能有效指导运动损伤的预防和康复。通过细致的生物力学评估,可以识别出导致损伤的运动模式,从而针对性地设计预防措施和康复训练计划。本研究通过案例分析,深入探讨了生物力学在实际运动损伤预防和康复中的应用,并对短跑运动员A和长距离自行车运动员B进行了个性化干预方案及其效果评估,展示了生物力学原理在提高运动安全性和效率方面的巨大潜力。

我国户外运动产业高质量发展动力机制与推进路径——基于人地关系协调视角

在人地关系协调视角下,运用文献资料法等研究方法,对我国户外运动产业的高质量发展动力机制和推进路径进行了探究。研究表明,政府推动、人才拉动、资源促动和企业带动是我国户外运动产业高质量发展的主要动力机制。此外,我们还从坚持政府导向、扶优扶强户外运动行业组织、构建高水平户外运动人才培养体系、推进生态与文化协调发展、驱动绿色经济增长和助力企业数字化转型、创新户外运动产品与服务等角度,提出了我国户外运动产业高质量发展的推进路径,以期加快推进我国户外运动产业成为国民经济支柱性产业的进程,实现我国户外运动产业高质量可持续发展目标。