Resonance Suppression Strategy for Humanoid Robot Arm

To address the problem of resonance in the control of a robot arm,a resonance suppression strategy is proposed for a single-joint humanoid robot arm based on the proportionalresonant(PR)controller.First,an arm joint model of the humanoid robot is established.Then the influence of resonance frequency on the performance of the control system with the robot arm is analyzed.The voltage fluctuation of the drive motor caused by the changes in arm motion is recognized as the disturbance of the current loop.The PR controller has the characteristic of disturbance rejection at a specific frequency.The output fluctuation of the driving system caused by the change of arm motion state at the resonance frequency is suppressed.Therefore the output current of the inverter will not be affected by the vibration of the arm at the resonance frequency.Finally,the control system is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation.The simulation results demonstrate that the control strategy for the humanoid robot arm based on the PR controller can suppress the resonance of the arm effectively,improving the dynamic performance and system stability.

Similarity comprehensive evaluation of humanoid robot arm motion

A suitable comprehensive evaluation method for similarity comprehensive evaluation of humanoid motion(mainly to robotic arm) is proposed.For different robotic arms, a static comprehensive evaluation model is established by projection pursuit evaluation based on indexes of humanoid robot arm motion in robotics and ergonomics field. Based on projection pursuit evaluation with timing information entropy and time degrees, a dynamic comprehensive evaluation method is proposed by linear weighting to each time's static model's indexes weight according to timing weighted vectors. Through comparing similarity comprehensive evaluation result based on static and dynamic comprehensive evaluation model, the results show that similarity based on dynamic comprehensive evaluation model is high. By comparing reliability, similarity and dispersion of static and dynamic comprehensive evaluation models, the results show that dynamic comprehensive evaluation result has better accuracy, stability and lower dispersion, and the result is more reasonable and real. Therefore, the dynamic comprehensive evaluation method proposed in this paper is more suitable for similarity comprehensive evaluation of humanoid robot arm motion.

Kinect-Based Humanoid Robotic Manipulator for Human Upper Limbs Movements Tracking

This paper presents a humanoid robotic arms controlled by tracking the human skeleton movement in real-time using Kinect upper limbbody tracking. Using Kinect tracking algorithm, the positions of upper limb arms of the body to the wrist in 3D space can be estimated by processing depth images from the Kinect. An extraction of 3D co-ordinates of the user’s both arm in real-time then Arduino microcontroller is transferring the data between both of computer and the humanoid robotic arm. This method provides a way to send movement task to the humanoid robotic manipulator instead of sending the end position motion like gesture-based approaches and this method has been tested in detect, tracking and following the movement of human skeleton gesture. Designing complete prototype of a humanoid robotic arms with 4DOF three joints in shoulder and one elbow joint to the wrist that look like the Human arm Structure, Appearance and Action that represent human arm movement performed by the humanoid robotic arm. The error was and response time result generated is small (less than 4.6% and 105 ms).

Bio-inspired Design and Inverse Kinematics Solution of an Omnidirectional Humanoid Robotic Arm with Geometric and Load Capacity Constraints

Inspired by the driving muscles of the human arm,a 4-Degree of Freedom(DOF)concentrated driving humanoid robotic arm is proposed based on a spatial double parallel four-bar mechanism.The four-bar mechanism design reduces the inertia of the elbow-driving unit and the torque by 76.65%and 57.81%,respectively.Mimicking the human pose regulation strategy that the human arm picks up a heavy object by adjusting its posture naturally without complicated control,the robotic arm features an integrated position-level closed-form inverse solution method considering both geometric and load capacity limitations.This method consists of a geometric constraint model incorporating the arm angle(φ)and the Global Configuration(GC)to avoid joint limits and singularities,and a load capacity model to constrain the feasible domain of the arm angle.Further,trajectory tracking simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed inverse solution method.The simulated maximum output torque,maximum output power and total energy consumption of the robotic arm are reduced by up to 2.0%,13.3%,and 33.3%,respectively.The experimental results demonstrate that the robotic arm can bear heavy loads in a human-like posture,effectively reducing the maximum output torque and energy consumption of the robotic arm by 1.83%and 5.03%,respectively,while avoiding joints beyond geometric and load capacity limitations.The proposed design provides a high payload–weight ratio and an efficient pose control solution for robotic arms,which can potentially broaden the application spectrum of humanoid robots.

基于ARM的类人足球机器人视觉识别系统的设计

针对类人足球机器人在复杂赛场环境中对目标色块识别能力的不足,设计一种基于ARM的类人足球机器人视觉识别系统。软硬件设计上,以搭载Linux系统的三星S3C6410作为主控图像处理芯片,用飞思卡尔MC9S12XS128单片机作为舵机控制器,以罗技C270摄像头作为视觉传感器。分割识别算法上,采用YUV颜色空间下的阈值法与区域生长的混合分割算法对色块信息进行快速分割和识别。实验表明,该设计可准确识别出较复杂环境中的目标色块并定位出中心坐标。

基于ARM的仿人机器人及其控制平台研究

通过建模构建满足机械结构的空间移动范围,使仿人机器人具备演奏小提琴的可能性。控制系统采用集中管理分散控制的方式,以ARM10为控制核心,将控制系统各个控制部分模块化,基于ARM核心智能控制配合传感反馈系统完成对机器人的行为控制,完成了在人工辅助下可演奏完整曲目的机器人。

轻型仿人机械手臂集成研发平台ArmPlant的设计与实现

建立了一个轻型仿人机械手臂集成研发平台ArmPlant,该平台基于ODE物理引擎计算,采用Visual C++、Matlab混合编程开发,集外形尺寸设计、质量分布、关节扭矩评测、运动学及逆运动学计算、动作规划与仿真、人体动作采集和再现、运动控制、样机硬件驱动、运动特性评测等功能于一体,可用于仿人机械手臂的快速研制过程。实践过程中,基于该平台设计并实现一款8-DoF仿人机械手臂,并选取物体连续抓取、人体动作跟踪再现这两个场景,对ArmPlant整体功能及机械手臂运动特性进行评测。仿真实验及样机实验均表明ArmPlant功能较完备、计算及控制准确、交互性强,能有效支持轻型仿人机械手臂的研发全过程,显著提高研发效率。

Development of an Anthropomorphic Robotic Arm and Hand for Interactive Humanoids

Humanoid robots are designed and built to mimic human form and movement. Ultimately, they are meant to resemble the size and physical abilities of a human in order to function in human-oriented environments and to work autonomously but to pose no physical threat to humans. Here, a humanoid robot that resembles a human in appearance and movement is built using powerful actuators paired with gear trains, joint mechanisms, and motor drivers that are all encased in a package no larger than that of the human physique. In this paper, we propose the construction of a humanoid-applicable anthropomorphic 7-DoF arm complete with an 8-DoF hand. The novel mechanical design of this humanoid ann makes it sufficiently compact to be compatible with currently available narrating-model humanoids, and to be sufficiently powerful and flexible to be functional; the number of degrees of freedom endowed in this robotic arm is sufficient for executing a wide range of tasks, including dexterous hand movements. The developed humanoid arm and hand are capable of sensing and interpreting incoming external force using the motor in each joint current without conventional torque sensors. The humanoid ann adopts an algorithm to avoid obstacles and the dexterous hand is capable of grasping objects. The developed robotic ann is suitable for use in an interactive humanoid robot.

仿人机械臂控制系统优化及改进研究

针对仿人机械臂的控制系统,首先,具备高精度和高速度的运动控制能力,能够实现复杂的动作和精确的定位。其次,具备灵活的运动规划和路径规划能力,能够根据任务需求自动规划最优的运动轨迹。再次,具备强大的感知和反馈能力,能够实时感知环境变化并做出相应的调整。最后,具备友好的人机交互界面,方便操作人员进行控制和监控。

人形机器人双臂工作空间分析方法研究

采用几何分析法研究了人形机器人在物流搬运场景中,双臂基座设计参数对人形机器人双臂工作空间产生的影响。对人形机器人以及搬运目标物体进行建模,将搬运目标、双臂构型以及双臂安装基座进行量化分析,确定量化关系中的约束条件,包括机械臂的运动范围、干涉条件等。使用数学方法建立各个变量之间的数学关系式,分析搬运目标、机械臂构型以及双臂基座之间的关系,通过限定机械臂构型、搬运目标箱子尺寸范围,计算双臂基座参数,以获得人形机器人在物流搬运场景下搬运目标箱子的最优工作空间。在选定的搬运目标上进行搬运实验,验证优化后的双臂工作空间。实验结果表明,该方法能够针对工作场景分析出双臂协同运动的工作空间,并通过约束限定,计算出最优工作空间下的双臂底座设计参数,为人形机器人双臂协同运动空间最大化提供双臂底座设计思路。

基于TRIZ理论的新型康愈机械臂的研究与设计

为解决人体失能后,在康复过程中无法进行肌肉协调的问题,基于TRIZ理论建立矛盾矩阵,通过分析机械臂、研究肌肉协同系统与康复机器臂的适配性,设计了一种新型康愈外戴式机械臂。为解决外骨骼机械臂笨重和不好佩戴等问题,设计采用新型扁平气动人工肌肉材料,根据所选用机械装置,结合数据库所预测患者的肌肉电信号和脑部电信号的相关信息,进而通过系统对气动肌肉进行收缩控制,极大地解决了患者的康复训练问题。

基于人体工程学的仿人机械臂构型

针对仿人机械臂构型问题,提出一种新的筛选方法,并确定串联结构方式下最符合人臂特征的仿人机械臂构型。从人体解剖学的角度出发,分析人臂的运动机理,并结合人体测量学和机器人学相关原理构建6种不同的仿人机械臂构型。提出全局相对可操作度指标对不同构型进行灵活性分析,并采用可视化方法绘制出各构型的运动灵活性性能分布图。根据人臂的运动特性分析人臂的运动工作空间,将各构型仿人机械臂工作空间与其对比,从而筛选出串联方式下的最佳仿人机械臂构型。该结果为仿人机械臂的设计提供了理论依据,并为后续运动规划奠定了基础。

绳驱动拟人臂机器人的动力学建模及张力分析

与传统的机械臂相比,绳驱动拟人臂机器人采用串并混联的结构形式,模拟了人手臂肌肉的并联驱动方式,但是,绳索的引入也增加了动力学分析的难度.将绳驱动拟人臂机器人视为基座、大臂、小臂和末端四连杆串联机构,采用迭代牛顿-欧拉法建立动力学方程的递推形式,考虑绳驱动的冗余特性和绳索的单方向受力性,提出基于动态最小预紧力的张力分配算法,求解出各绳索的驱动力.与未进行张力分配的方法及基于静态最小预紧力的方法相比,所提出的算法可使各绳索驱动力根据动态最小预紧力进行实时调节,满足了不同工作条件下机构的刚度要求.

机器人航天员精细操作方法及在轨验证

针对航天员舱外活动风险与空间探索的效率问题,建立了具有双臂手的机器人航天员系统。该机器人航天员由多自由度机械臂、仿人灵巧手及具有双目视觉系统的头部等构成,具有位置、力矩、视觉等多种感知功能。为了验证机器人航天员及在轨人机协同关键技术,在空间微重力环境下与航天员配合完成多种演示验证试验,为空间机器人辅助或配合航天员开展在轨维修积累了经验和数据。

给定手部作业轨迹的仿人机器人推操作研究

以推车作业为例对"汇童"仿人机器人动态行走中的推操作进行了研究,分析了手部位置与腰部位移的关系,对作业运动中手部轨迹的补偿进行了研究.另外,作业中机器人与车之间存在相互作用,根据作业的期望作用力,开展了基于ZMP稳定性判据的作业运动稳定性控制研究.仿真和实验验证了该方法的有效性,它能满足推车作业手臂操作性和运动稳定性要求.

基于PC+PMAC的仿人机械臂控制系统的应用研究

针对仿人机械臂及其工作的特点,进行了一个关节型三自由度仿人机械手臂的控制系统的研究,主要对硬件结构、软件结构和控制方法等功能模块进行了设计。该控制系统采用PC机和PMAC多轴运动控制器进行两级控制,保证了系统重量轻、体积小、实时性好、可靠性高的要求,使仿人机械臂工作更具实用性。此项仿人机器臂平台的研究未来前景广阔。

仿人按摩机器人手臂结构设计及改进

仿人按摩机器人手臂是以传统中医按摩理论为基础,结合机器人定位精度高,按摩力量精确可控,动作可准确重复,不会产生疲劳等特点,构建了中医按摩机器人平台。机器人手臂是仿人按摩机器人的关键,在深入研究按摩机器人手臂的工作机理基础上,充分考虑手臂的材料、结构和刚度以及手臂反应的灵活性、稳定性、安全性、拟人化等要求,对大臂、肩关节、肘关节、小臂、手腕等关键环节进行了设计及改进。经过性能对比分析,设计的仿人按摩机器人手臂达到设计要求。

达点臂姿预测指标与机械臂仿人运动

从弹性系数的影响因素出发,完善最小势能指标。基于大量试验,得到影响扭簧系数的因素为主观因素和客观因素。标准化客观因素,用聚类分析方法对主观因素分类,利用多元线性回归方法得到弹性系数与目标点之间的具体数学表达通式。用最小势能指标预测人臂达点臂姿,验证弹性系数,并与其他指标的预测结果对比。结果显示基于提出的弹性系数的最小势能指标能够准确预测更多人的臂姿。对机械臂进行仿人运动规划试验,证明最小势能指标的实用性。

基于任务优先级的仿人机械臂拟人运动规划

针对液体搬运是日常生活中最常见的动作之一,人臂可非常轻松地完成这一动作,但是对于仿人机械臂而言,如何使其如人臂般灵活地完成这一动作,却并不容易,以仿人机械臂运送水杯作为研究对象,对其进行任务描述.针对完成任务过程中需要同时考虑多个约束的情况,提出采用任务优先级或梯度投影法对其进行处理,并对这2种求解方法进行了比较.同时,对仿人机械臂的拟人化运动控制问题进行了研究,提出利用人臂臂姿指标来对仿人机械臂进行运动规划.最后在Inventor中建立虚拟仿真,并与人臂运动实验结果进行对比,从而验证该方法的可行性以及自主拟人运动的有效性.

仿人机械臂的运动仿真分析

为降低仿人机械臂的设计成本,利用ADAMS仿真平台建立仿人机械臂的虚拟样机系统,验证其性能指标。首先,通过PRO/E建立仿人机械臂的三维模型,然后将其导入ADAMS软件中验证其运动学与动力学;其次分析人臂在取物时的运动过程,并通过ADAMS仿真机械臂对应的运动过程;最后利用MATLAB与ADAMS建立仿人机械臂的联合仿真控制系统,并对其进行仿真分析。通过仿真结果表明,所设计的仿人机械臂具有良好的动态性能、轨迹跟踪能力与抗干扰能力,能较好的模仿人臂运动完成一系列动作。