This study aims to quantify the susceptibility of granular materials used in pavements to changes in moisture content and propose a correlation model to incorporate this susceptibility into seasonal analyses.The fines...This study aims to quantify the susceptibility of granular materials used in pavements to changes in moisture content and propose a correlation model to incorporate this susceptibility into seasonal analyses.The fines content and the percentage of fractured coarse aggregates were identified as direct indicators of the resilient modulus susceptibility to changes in water content.The results showed that the percentage of fractured coarse aggregates particles(FR)has a more significant impact on the resilient modulus(Er)of crushed granular materials used in pavement construction than the combined indicator of the fines content and sample volumetrics(nf).Crushed granular materials with a higher percentage of fractured coarse aggregates are relatively insensitive to changes in the degree of saturation,but become more sensitive as the fine fraction porosity decreases.An adjusted model was proposed based on the existing formulation,but considers a complex parameter to describe and adjust the sensitivity of base granular materials to variations in moisture content with respect to fabrication charac-teristics,fines content and volumetric properties.The model shows that the variation of Er values is below10%for fully crushed granular materials.However,it reaches approximately±12%for materials with 75%of crushed coarse aggregates andþ40%and-25%for materials with FR=50%.This model could help select good ag-gregates characteristics and adjust grain-size distribution for environments where significant moisture content variations can occur in the pavement system,such as in the Province of Quebec(Canada).As it is based on pa-rameters that can be easily determined or estimated,it also represents a valuable tool for detailed design and analysis that can consider material characteristics.展开更多
A major part of world is facing water shortages today. While the world’s population has grown to more than 7.75 billion, the quantity of sweet water has remained the same. The ever increasing use of water by such a l...A major part of world is facing water shortages today. While the world’s population has grown to more than 7.75 billion, the quantity of sweet water has remained the same. The ever increasing use of water by such a large population has resulted in pollution of many water sources. The developing world where a large fraction of total world population is located faces water scarcity in a more severe manner than the developed world. The developed world has managed to control human population and preserve natural water resources more effectively. As a result of this and also due to stabilized population, they face lesser problems for water availability. Indian population stands at 1.386 billion as nowadays. The erratic monsoon rains over last few years have resulted in floods and subsequent water shortages in summer months in major part of the country. A similar situation is faced by many Asian and African countries. The means of recycling and using every possible source of water are always welcome in these countries. Since many of these countries lie in tropical or semitropical zone, the average relative humidity is more than 50% for most of the year. Changing life styles in these countries and spread of information technology based sectors have resulted in a growth spurt in air conditioning facilities. An air conditioner draws heat from surrounding air and cools the premises to desired temperature. During this process, a large amount of moisture in the atmosphere gets condensed and is drained out. There are no efforts made to recover this water in India and neighbouring countries. We have undertaken studies to check the quality of this water and see the feasibility of its use in a decentralized but effective manner. The results show that this water condensate from air conditioners is highly pure, substantial and available almost round the year. This can help in recovering millions of litres of good quality water daily. This water would find uses in industries, laboratories, households and farming. It would also create good business opportunities.展开更多
针对变风量(varied air volume,VAV)空调系统运行过程中,温湿度控制回路之间存在强耦合效应,同时,考虑到VAV空调系统具有非线性、大时滞、大惯性等动态特性,传统的控制方法很难对其实现精确的控制,提出了基于滑模控制的VAV空调房间温湿...针对变风量(varied air volume,VAV)空调系统运行过程中,温湿度控制回路之间存在强耦合效应,同时,考虑到VAV空调系统具有非线性、大时滞、大惯性等动态特性,传统的控制方法很难对其实现精确的控制,提出了基于滑模控制的VAV空调房间温湿度解耦控制系统,分别设计了解耦环节和滑模控制方案。MATLAB仿真结果显示,所提方法不仅能有效消除温湿度控制回路间的耦合效应,且相较于传统的PID控制策略,在滑模控制策略下温湿度控制系统具有更小的超调、更快的响应速度、更短的调节时间,且控制过程更加平缓稳定,一定程度上改善了整个系统的控制性能。展开更多
文摘This study aims to quantify the susceptibility of granular materials used in pavements to changes in moisture content and propose a correlation model to incorporate this susceptibility into seasonal analyses.The fines content and the percentage of fractured coarse aggregates were identified as direct indicators of the resilient modulus susceptibility to changes in water content.The results showed that the percentage of fractured coarse aggregates particles(FR)has a more significant impact on the resilient modulus(Er)of crushed granular materials used in pavement construction than the combined indicator of the fines content and sample volumetrics(nf).Crushed granular materials with a higher percentage of fractured coarse aggregates are relatively insensitive to changes in the degree of saturation,but become more sensitive as the fine fraction porosity decreases.An adjusted model was proposed based on the existing formulation,but considers a complex parameter to describe and adjust the sensitivity of base granular materials to variations in moisture content with respect to fabrication charac-teristics,fines content and volumetric properties.The model shows that the variation of Er values is below10%for fully crushed granular materials.However,it reaches approximately±12%for materials with 75%of crushed coarse aggregates andþ40%and-25%for materials with FR=50%.This model could help select good ag-gregates characteristics and adjust grain-size distribution for environments where significant moisture content variations can occur in the pavement system,such as in the Province of Quebec(Canada).As it is based on pa-rameters that can be easily determined or estimated,it also represents a valuable tool for detailed design and analysis that can consider material characteristics.
文摘A major part of world is facing water shortages today. While the world’s population has grown to more than 7.75 billion, the quantity of sweet water has remained the same. The ever increasing use of water by such a large population has resulted in pollution of many water sources. The developing world where a large fraction of total world population is located faces water scarcity in a more severe manner than the developed world. The developed world has managed to control human population and preserve natural water resources more effectively. As a result of this and also due to stabilized population, they face lesser problems for water availability. Indian population stands at 1.386 billion as nowadays. The erratic monsoon rains over last few years have resulted in floods and subsequent water shortages in summer months in major part of the country. A similar situation is faced by many Asian and African countries. The means of recycling and using every possible source of water are always welcome in these countries. Since many of these countries lie in tropical or semitropical zone, the average relative humidity is more than 50% for most of the year. Changing life styles in these countries and spread of information technology based sectors have resulted in a growth spurt in air conditioning facilities. An air conditioner draws heat from surrounding air and cools the premises to desired temperature. During this process, a large amount of moisture in the atmosphere gets condensed and is drained out. There are no efforts made to recover this water in India and neighbouring countries. We have undertaken studies to check the quality of this water and see the feasibility of its use in a decentralized but effective manner. The results show that this water condensate from air conditioners is highly pure, substantial and available almost round the year. This can help in recovering millions of litres of good quality water daily. This water would find uses in industries, laboratories, households and farming. It would also create good business opportunities.
文摘针对变风量(varied air volume,VAV)空调系统运行过程中,温湿度控制回路之间存在强耦合效应,同时,考虑到VAV空调系统具有非线性、大时滞、大惯性等动态特性,传统的控制方法很难对其实现精确的控制,提出了基于滑模控制的VAV空调房间温湿度解耦控制系统,分别设计了解耦环节和滑模控制方案。MATLAB仿真结果显示,所提方法不仅能有效消除温湿度控制回路间的耦合效应,且相较于传统的PID控制策略,在滑模控制策略下温湿度控制系统具有更小的超调、更快的响应速度、更短的调节时间,且控制过程更加平缓稳定,一定程度上改善了整个系统的控制性能。
