Humors

1 History teacher: Where was the Declaration of Independence signed? (独立宣言) Tom: At the bottom.2. Teacher: George, can you give me Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address? George: No, but he used to live at the White House in Washington, D. C.

Style of English Humors

As a phenomenon of language,not only do humors play an important role in the cultural fields but also bring much sunlight to the social life.They're quite necessary in our daily life.But unfortunately most of us couldn't appreciate them,especially those English ones.Why? Besides other potential factors,the style of humors is one of the main barriers,because it is not only a phenomenon of language but a phenomenon of culture.Altogether three levels that humors are at are introduced,including lexical level,rhetorical level We just hope that they can be of some help to you when you are reading the authentic English humors.

Humors in Rip Van Winkle

Humor is widely employed in Irving's Rip Van Winkle. There are several kinds of humors in this short story, for example: irony, satire, farce, mockery, etc. Different humors indicate different attitudes the writer adopts toward his subject matter.This essay aims at grasping the main idea of the story through the analyses of various uses of humor.

Expanding role of antibodies in kidney transplantation

The role of antibodies in kidney transplant(KT)has evolved significantly over the past few decades.This role of antibodies in KT is multifaceted,encompassing both the challenges they pose in terms of antibody-mediated rejection(AMR)and the opportunities for improving transplant outcomes through better detection,prevention,and treatment strategies.As our understanding of the immunological mechanisms continues to evolve,so too will the approaches to managing and harnessing the power of antibodies in KT,ultimately leading to improved patient and graft survival.This narrative review explores the multifaceted roles of antibodies in KT,including their involvement in rejection mechanisms,advancements in desensitization protocols,AMR treatments,and their potential role in monitoring and improving graft survival.

HUMORS

丽莎：妈妈，蒂姆家一定不富裕。妈妈：丽莎，为什么这么说呢？丽莎：因为蒂姆刚刚只吞下了1角钱，他的妈妈就非常焦急啊。妈妈：……

Effect of aflibercept combined with triamcinolone acetonide on aqueous humor growth factor and inflammatory mediators in diabetic macular edema

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of aflibercept combined with sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)in treating diabetic macular edema(DME)and to examine changes in growth factors and inflammatory mediator levels in aqueous humor after injection.METHODS:Totally 67 DME patients(67 eyes)and 30 cataract patients(32 eyes)were enrolled as the DME group and the control group,respectively.The DME group was divided into the aflibercept group(34 cases)and the aflibercept combined with TA group(combined group,33 cases).The aqueous humor of both groups was collected during the study period.The aqueous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were detected using a microsphere suspension array technology(Luminex 200TM).Aqueous cytokines,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and complications before and after treatment were compared between the aflibercept group and combined group.RESULTS:The concentrations of VEGF,MCP-1,IL-6,and IL-8 in the aqueous humor were significantly higher in the DME group than those of the control group(all P<0.01).After 1mo of surgery,the concentrations of VEGF,MCP-1,IL-6,and IL-8 in the aqueous humor were significantly lower in the combined group than those of the aflibercept group(all P<0.01).The BCVA and CMT values of the two groups were statistically different after 1 and 2mo of treatment(P<0.01).However,the difference was not statistically significant after 3mo of treatment(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The cytokines VEGF,MCP-1,IL-6,and IL-8 in the aqueous humor of DME patients are significantly increased.Aflibercept and aflibercept combined with TA have good efficacy in DME patients,can effectively reduce CMT,improve the patient’s vision,and have high safety.Aflibercept combined with TA can quickly downregulate the aqueous humor cytokines and help to relieve macular edema rapidly.However,the long-term efficacy is comparable to that of aflibercept alone.

Impact of exercise on markers of B cell-related immunity:A systematic review

Background:B cells represent a crucial component of adaptive immunity that ensures long-term protection from infection by generating pathogen-specific immunoglobulins.Exercise alters B cell counts and immunoglobulin levels,but evidence-based conclusions on potential benefits for adaptive immunity are lacking.This systematic review assessed current literatures on the impact of acute exercise and exercise training on B cells,immunoglobulins,and markers of secretory immunity in human biofluids.Methods:According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,MEDLINE,Web of Science,and Embase were searched on March 8,2023.Non-randomized controlled trials and crossover trials investigating the impact of acute exercise or exercise training on B cell counts and proportions,immunoglobulin levels,salivary flow rate,or secretory immunoglobulin A secretion rate were included.Quality and reporting of exercise training studies were assessed using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in Exercise.Study characteristics,outcome measures,and statistically significant changes were summarized tabularly.Results:Of the 67 eligible studies,22 applied acute exercise and 45 applied exercise training.All included outcomes revealed significant alterations over time in acute exercise and exercise training context,but only a few investigations showed significant differences compared to control conditions.Secretory and plasma immunoglobulin A levels were most consistently increased in response to exercise training.Conclusion:B cell-related outcomes are altered by acute exercise and exercise training,but evidence-based conclusions cannot be drawn with high confidence due to the large heterogeneity in populations and exercise modalities.Well-designed trials with large sample sizes are needed to clarify how exercise shapes B cell-related immunity.

Research progress on the correlation between aqueous humor components and pathogenesis and postoperative complications in patients with different types of cataracts

Aqueous humor provides the necessary nutrition for the lens and transports the metabolites in the eye.It was a liquid that can directly reflect the microenvironment in the eye'and it can be easily obtained during the operation.This review intended to analyze the components of aqueous humor in patients with different types of cataracts'so as to reflect the pathogenesis and development of the disease'evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications and provide reference value for the surgical design of sequential cataract surgery.The aqueous humor components of different types of cataracts showed different degrees of inflammation'oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling.The biomarker of early neuropathy in diabetic cataract was neural cell adhesion molecule-1(NCAM1).Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)was the evaluation factor of disease development in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.The relationships between postoperative complications of different types of cataracts and aqueous humor components were as follows:Macular edema after diabetic cataract surgery was associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha;capsular contraction after high myopic cataract surgery was related to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and TGF-β2;Klotho and glutathione S-transferase P 1(GSTP1)were associated with high intraocular pressure after primary open-angle glaucoma complicated by cataract surgery;capsular contraction after retinitis pigmentosa complicated by cataract surgery was associated with matrix metalloproteinases;pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast growth factor 4 in the aqueous humor of congenital cataracts were associated with posterior capsular opacification after surgery.Granulocyte colony stimulating factor 3 and MCP-1 were the main cytokines mediating the pain of the second eye in the binocular sequential cataract surgery short interval(1 wk)'while MCP-1 mediated pain in the long interval(6 wk).The second eye after binocular sequential cataract surgery had a higher level of proinflammatory factors.The components of aqueous humor in patients with different types of cataracts were related to the pathogenesis and postoperative complications of the disease.Monitoring the components of the aqueous humor could help better understand the intraocular microenvironment of different types of cataracts and provide a reference for predicting the development of the disease and implementing relevant targeted therapy.

Humoral Response and Tolerance of Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in Adults Senegalese Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Multicenter Prospective Study

Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been proposed in several countries as the main preventive measure despite very limited data, particularly in dialysis patients. We conducted this study to assess the immunological response to vaccination in Senegalese hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study, in two dialysis centers in Dakar from March 30th to August 30th, 2021 including patients on hemodialysis for >6 months, vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 according to the vaccination schedule recommended by WHO. A vaccine response was considered positive when seroconversion was observed after one dose of vaccine. The clinical efficacy of immunization was defined as the absence of new COVID-19 infection in patients who received a complete vaccination. Results: Among the 81 patients included in the study, 7.4% had anti-Spike IgM antibodies before their first vaccination. Seroprevalence of IgM antibodies was 38.3% one month after the first vaccine dose (at M1) and 8.6% one month after the second dose (at M4). Anti-Spike IgG antibodies were present in 40.3% of patients before vaccination, in 90.1% at M1, and in 59.7% at M4. Among patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, 10.2% had IgM antibodies at M0, 31.6% at M1, and 10.5% at M4 post-vaccination. Similarly, seroprevalences of IgG antibodies in this subgroup were 31.5%, 61.3%, and 50.0% respectively at M0, M1, and M4 post-vaccination. A comparison of seroconversion rates between M0 and M4 showed significant differences only for IgG in COVID-19 naive patients. Mean duration in dialysis and the existence of previous COVID-19 infection were associated with patients’ vaccinal response after the two doses. Age, gender and the use of immunosuppressive treatment did not influence post-vaccinal antibody production. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 in Senegalese hemodialysis patients induced a low seroconversion rate but it was well tolerated. Moreover, the induced protection was neither strong nor durable, particularly in patients with longer duration in dialysis.

珍藏十多年的蜡笔

这是希瑟做任课老师的最后一个学期,学生们给她送了小礼物作为纪念。一个小男孩犹豫了,他在想办法让老师知道他有多在乎她。主题语境:日常生活篇幅:347词建议用时:7分钟。1 When it comes to gifts,we often say it's the thought that counts.While this can be said humorously at times,Heather Benoit is here to remind us of the truth behind this sentiment.Over a decade ago,this teacher was given a crayon by one of her students.

论英语中的幽默

在改革开放的今天 ,中国文化与西方文化交流频繁 ,中国人也越来越具有幽默感 ,但是修辞写作中的幽默在汉语里是不活跃的。而幽默在英文中是一种活跃的语文修辞风格 ,根据其表现形式———修辞格的不同 ,可分为 :反语、讽刺、嘲弄。

Sprightly Humor but Penetrating Introspection:on the Satiric Art of Mark Twain's Is He living or Is He dead?

Mark Twain's humorous writing style and thought-provoking satire has great influence on world literature.This paper attempts to explore the satirical art of his short story Is He living or Is He dead?,aiming at showing the immortal artistic charm of Mark Twain's works.

A Comedy of Absurdity and Chaos-A Brief Study on Joseph Heller's Catch-22 and His Black Humor

Catch-22,which is written by Joseph Heller,can be recognized as the "Modern Classic" of American literature,and this fiction uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration,describing the stories from different figures' visual angles.The novel features tragic content with comic form,anti-hero and illogical narrative structure.Catch-22,which no one can get out of,is not a simple rule;in other words,it's really a snare and this no-win situation exists in every corner of people's daily time.

“Anti-hero”Feature of Black Humor in Postmodernism Literary Fiction:with“Yossarian”in Catch-22 as an Example

Yossarian is the hero in Catch-22 written by Joseph Heller in 1961,bearing the typical"anti-hero"feature of Black Humor in postmodernism literary fiction.This paper aims at giving some of the examples to make readers clearer of the Black Humor and more familiar with the"anti-hero"feature of Black Humor in postmodernism literary fiction.

Relevant theoretic account of humor in sketches

Based on the relevant theory, this paper makes an analysis of humor in Chinese popular art form --sketch. It is believed that the maximal relevance and the optimal relevance of utterances, explicature and implicature of utterances, and the efforts made by hearers in dealing with utterances are three important aspects in showing humorous effects in sketches, among which sketch actors＇ violating the mutual cognitive environment so as to create an unexpected effect on hearers is the core in creating humor in sketches. Through analyzing some excerpts from the sketch Yesterday.Today.Tomorrow, the author tries to explore the relevance nature of language in sketch and creation of humor in it.

人性的弱点--桃乐茜·帕克诗歌赏析(英文)

Dorothy Parker was an American short story writer,poet,and critic who was famous for her instant wit and cruel humor.In her poems,by using succinct and satiric language,she discovers the weakness of human nature,and encourages people to face the world bravely.This paper analyses some of her poems and help the readers to understand her instant wit and cruel humor.

《英语词汇学》辅导(5)

Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that wouldbest complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ___.A.English only B.Chinese only C.all natural languages D.some natural languages2.From the ____ point of view,polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word.A.linguistic B.diachronic C.synchronic D.

Mark Twain's Humor and Irony in The Stolen White Elephant

Mark Twain is a realistic writer in America.His humor,irony and together with colloquial speech have been remembered by readers,for which he became one of America's most beloved humorists and storytellers.This paper focuses on one of Twain's short stories The Stolen White Elephant.Through the analysis of Twain's humor and irony shown from the two main characters in this specific story,this paper is to show the social reality reflected in The Stolen White Elephant.

A Linguistic Analysis of Humorous Discourses between the English and Mandarin Language

The paper is divided into Five Chapters,aiming to explain the humorous effect in our daily discourse in the perspective of linguistic analysis.It is another new discovery.Two languages have their own distinct features.When translating,we will find a lot of humorous effect created by these language differences.The analysis of the topic is undergoing through term definition and case study.The paper might be of some help to further the humorous research in literature,art,academic circles or daily conversations.More methods of analysis,at the same time,are appreciated.

On Translating Strategies of Humorous Language

This paper makes a systematical study on the translating strategies of humorous language,with linguistic and cultural factors taken into consideration in the discussion.It should be pointed out that whatever strategy is chosen in translation,it is workable so long as it can reach the best humorous effect.