hhen ammonium sulfate-iron oxide is treated below 573 K, ammonium sulfate can spontaneously desperse on the surface of iron oxide. Simultaneously ammonium sulfate decomposes to some extent. During or after the dispers...hhen ammonium sulfate-iron oxide is treated below 573 K, ammonium sulfate can spontaneously desperse on the surface of iron oxide. Simultaneously ammonium sulfate decomposes to some extent. During or after the dispersion, sulfate ion can interact with Fe atom on the surface of iron oxide to form a sort of surface sulfato complex of Fe and thus is transformed from the isolated into the bidentately bound form. Above 573 K the sulfato complex of Fe will gradually decompose with a further increase in temperature.展开更多
Metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the detoxification of various pollutants in aquatic organisms, thereby they can also be used to provide early-warning signals of environmental risks. Real-time quantitative...Metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the detoxification of various pollutants in aquatic organisms, thereby they can also be used to provide early-warning signals of environmental risks. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to quantify cytochrome P450 1A （CYP1A）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） in crucian carp （Carassius auratus）. The methods were then used to detect the respective mRNA expression levels in liver tissue in wild crucian carp from the Hun River, North China. CYP1A mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in fish from stations $5, $6, and $8 （p 〈 0.05）. SOD mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in downstream areas relative to fish from upstream sites （p 〈 0.05）; GPx and CAT mRNA expression levels were also down-regulated at $9 （p 〈 0.05）. In contrast, GST mRNA expression showed no obvious change between fish collected from up- or downstream areas of the river. Finally, an integrated biomarker response was used to evaluate the integrated impact of pollutants in the Hun River and allow better comprehension of the real toxicological risk of these investigated sites.展开更多
文摘hhen ammonium sulfate-iron oxide is treated below 573 K, ammonium sulfate can spontaneously desperse on the surface of iron oxide. Simultaneously ammonium sulfate decomposes to some extent. During or after the dispersion, sulfate ion can interact with Fe atom on the surface of iron oxide to form a sort of surface sulfato complex of Fe and thus is transformed from the isolated into the bidentately bound form. Above 573 K the sulfato complex of Fe will gradually decompose with a further increase in temperature.
基金supported by the Water Pollution Control and Management(No.2009ZX07528)
文摘Metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the detoxification of various pollutants in aquatic organisms, thereby they can also be used to provide early-warning signals of environmental risks. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to quantify cytochrome P450 1A （CYP1A）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） in crucian carp （Carassius auratus）. The methods were then used to detect the respective mRNA expression levels in liver tissue in wild crucian carp from the Hun River, North China. CYP1A mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in fish from stations $5, $6, and $8 （p 〈 0.05）. SOD mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in downstream areas relative to fish from upstream sites （p 〈 0.05）; GPx and CAT mRNA expression levels were also down-regulated at $9 （p 〈 0.05）. In contrast, GST mRNA expression showed no obvious change between fish collected from up- or downstream areas of the river. Finally, an integrated biomarker response was used to evaluate the integrated impact of pollutants in the Hun River and allow better comprehension of the real toxicological risk of these investigated sites.
