Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms:transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry

Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, arthritis, and other ailments. The formation of biofilms threatens and exacerbates S. aureus infection by allowing the bacteria to adhere to pathological areas and livestock product surfaces, thus triggering animal health crises and safety issues with livestock products. To solve this problem, in this review, we provide a brief overview of the harm caused by S. aureus and its biofilms on livestock and animal byproducts(meat and dairy products). We also describe the ways in which S. aureus spreads in animals and the threats it poses to the livestock industry. The processes and molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are then explained. Finally, we discuss strategies for the removal and eradication of S. aureus and biofilms in animal husbandry, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These strategies to reduce the spread of S. aureus in animal husbandry help maintain livestock health and improve productivity to ensure the ecologically sustainable development of animal husbandry and the safety of livestock products.

Influence of Civil Authority on Rural Grass-roots Democracy and Social Autonomy in Northwest Minority Regions

System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.

Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

The Grass-Roots Governance of the National Government in Tianjin Recovery Area After the Triumph of the Anti-Japanese War

The national government wants to penetrate into the grass-roots unit after the triumph of the Anti-Japanese War in the recovery area.Through the reorganization of the Baojia system,the government expects to achieve local autonomy and then solve the people’s livelihood issues.The new Baojia system provides a platform for people to achieve their own demands,which presents the vision of civil rights to a certain extent.However,because of the complexity of the postwar social environment,the Baojia system cannot completely represent the will of the people,and finally becomes a militarized organization that was used as a tool to carry out the government decree.

"Emperor's Power Far Away from the Countryside"and"Town in Charge of Village Affairs":The Extreme Grass-roots Management System is Not Conducive to the Healthy Development of the Countryside

This paper compares the two different rural management methods of"emperor’s power far away from the countryside"and"town in charge of village affairs",which shows that the extreme grass-roots management system is not conducive to rural development.This paper also points out that rural development needs to find a road of sustainable development in line with its own characteristics,which is the fundamental shortcut to change poverty and become rich for a long time.

Study on the Construction of Circular Economy Development System of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Tibet

As a basic industry in Tibet Autonomous Region,the development of agriculture and animal husbandry circular economy is of great practical significance,which is actively reflected in national high-quality development and new agriculture and animal husbandry circular model.The development direction and future trend directly determine the promotion and enhancement of regional agriculture and animal husbandry economy,which is highly valued and welcomed by academic circles.This paper mainly expounds the development connotation of agriculture and animal husbandry circular economy system from the perspective of Tibet's agriculture and animal husbandry economic development.It focuses on sorting out the construction and future direction of circular economy development system,effectively puts forward ideas and comprehensive understanding of the circular economy development system of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet,effectively promotes the promotion and basic change of circular economy of agriculture and animal husbandry,and effectively changes the traditional development model and new innovation model of agriculture and animal husbandry.

乡村振兴背景下畜牧业发展存在的问题与对策

畜牧业是农业的重要组成部分,是国民生活水平、健康幸福的重要体现。乡村振兴战略下解决“三农”问题,畜牧业的发展是重中之重,为实现“工业繁荣、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕”的总要求,该文对现阶段畜牧业发展存在的问题和对策进行阐述分析。

中蒙农牧业跨境供应链协作理论框架及实现路径

中蒙农畜产品跨境贸易是中蒙跨境贸易的重要组成部分,须以中蒙农牧业跨境供应链为载体,通过供应链上各参与主体的充分协作,提高中蒙农畜产品跨境贸易的效率和质量。结合供应链协作理论以及中蒙农畜产品跨境贸易的特点,围绕中蒙农牧业跨境供应链协作目标、基础条件、协作机制以及协作模式,构建中蒙农牧业跨境供应链协作三角形理论分析框架。中蒙农牧业跨境供应链协作基础条件是两国农牧业跨境供应链协作的前提,协作机制解决两国农牧业跨境供应链协作的内在作用机理,协作模式解决两国农牧业跨境供应链如何协作,三者共同服务于协作目标,形成相互制约、相互影响、互促共融的完整理论框架。目前,中蒙农牧业跨境供应链协作存在着跨境贸易供需不足、渠道单一、政策障碍、市场主体运营不规范、信息不对称和融资障碍以及流通网络不健全等问题。中蒙农牧业跨境供应链协作要适度扩大农畜产品贸易的种类和规模,重视边民互市贸易,扩大边民互市贸易规模,加大草原保护及养殖技术创新力度、提高优质畜产品供给能力,加强农畜产品跨境电商合作、积极满足中蒙俄畜产品跨境贸易,优化贸易政策,制定统一的农畜产品标准和认证机制,重视品牌化战略、实现中蒙农牧业跨境供应链的价值提升,完善中蒙农牧业跨境物流通道和物流网络以及培育大型物流服务企业,构建中蒙农牧业跨境供应链信息平台等。

基于一种土地利用变化新指标的土地利用变化影响因素分析——以大兴安岭林牧交错区为例

研究土地利用变化机制,是保障生态脆弱区生态环境良性发展的必然要求。基于土地利用信息图谱构建新指标——土地利用转换度,借助土地利用转移矩阵和土地利用转换度刻画1990—2021年研究区土地利用转移的宏观特征,构建渔网提取土地利用转换度,分析其空间自相关性,并用地理加权回归(GWR)分析研究区土地利用变化的影响因素,为林牧交错区社会经济发展服务。研究发现:(1)1990—2021年,研究区土地利用类型的宏观格局变化不大,林地和草地是该区域的主要用地类型,林地主要分布在东部和北部的山区,草地主要分布在西南部,耕地主要分布于山地和草原交接的地区及河谷地带。(2)1990—2021年林地呈现增加趋势,草地逐年减少,耕地和建设用地缓慢增加。(3)草地、耕地和林地是该地区土地利用变动的主要类型,以草地转出最多,主要转换为林地和耕地。(4)土地利用转换度有显著空间自相关,存在明显的高高聚集和低低聚集。转换频繁区呈倒“C”字形,分布在大兴安岭西部山区与草地过渡带,即海拔700~900 m的地带。(5)GWR分析发现坡度、气温变化、人均GDP变化是影响该区土地利用的主要因素,人均GDP增加会降低土地利用转换度,而其他因素增加会导致土地利用转换加速。(6)土地利用转换度是一种可靠的土地利用变化度量指标,能够将空间和时间融合反映土地利用状态的变化强度。

中国式现代化背景下的畜牧业数智化转型:价值意蕴、现实基础与实践进路

随着信息技术的迅猛发展,数智化转型日渐成为畜牧业迈向现代化的重要引擎。数智化转型主要通过先进技术与人工智能算法,实现养殖过程中的智慧化管理与精细化运营,推动畜牧业走上数智化全产业链发展之路。中国式现代化背景下,畜牧业数智化转型是推进农业农村现代化的重要保障,促进畜牧产业高质量发展的必由之路,提高农村居民消费能力的关键支撑。畜牧业数智化转型具备一定的现实基础,其中顶层布局为畜牧业数智化转型提供了制度保障,多方参与为畜牧业数智化转型提供了资金支持,科技创新为畜牧业数智化转型提供了技术支撑。文章提出调整产品结构,着力打造绿色畜牧品牌;强化科技创新,完善现代畜牧业基础设施;加强国际合作,融入国际畜牧业发展市场,以促进畜牧业数智化转型,夯实中国式现代化背景下畜牧业高质量发展基础。

深入推进基层畜禽粪污资源化利用的几点思考

畜禽粪污资源化利用是解决畜禽养殖废弃物污染的根本途径。本文简要梳理了我国畜禽粪污资源化利用方面的支撑引领政策及总体发展状况,针对目前面临的农户种植与规模化养殖脱节、政府支持力度不够、相关标准及评价机制不健全、规模以下养殖户养殖环境污染风险相对较高以及个别地方对相关法规认识不充分等问题,提出了强化政府引导支持、培育壮大社会化服务组织、积极探索种养结合绿色发展模式、加大技术及装备研发力度等建议,以期为推进基层畜禽粪污资源化利用提供借鉴。

我国畜牧业空间集聚特征及演化趋势分析

畜牧业区域优化合理布局是农业供给侧改革以及高质量发展的必然要求,该文利用全国各省畜产品产量面板数据,采用空间自相关方法分析畜牧业地理集聚特征,并对其形成原因进行剖析。研究发现:中国畜牧业呈现明显的集聚特征,各省份畜牧业发展受邻近省份发展的影响较为显著;产业空间集聚呈现非均衡特征,东、中部以“高-高”集聚为主,西部以“低-低”集聚特征为主;畜牧业布局相对稳定,未来一段时间内将继续保持现状。基于此,该文提出推动适度规模经营,发展专业化、市场化、一体化产业链,完善畜牧业配套体系等政策建议。

巨菌草在南疆地区的种植技术及饲用品质分析

该文为新疆南疆地区是否适合大面积引种推广巨菌草(Pennisetum giganteum)提供科学依据。通过田间小区种植单因素正交试验,确定最适种植株行距。结果表明,在南疆种植巨菌草出苗率为60%,补苗后达到80%;鲜草产量平均为75.915 t/hm^(2);株行距60 cm×60 cm处理的种植效果最佳,能够实现经济效益的最大化。该试验中巨菌草种植成本为107.33元/hm^(2),其成本高于青贮玉米和苜蓿。由营养检测结果综合分析,巨菌草115 d生长期营养价值略优于50 d,其青贮品质较全株青贮玉米略低。巨菌草可青饲,也可青贮使用,应根据巨菌草在不同区域和不同气候环境的生物学特性,找准其在新疆农牧业生产和环境保护等方面中的生态定位,对其进行合理的开发利用。

和田地区畜牧业高质量发展的政策建议

【目的】畜牧业高质量发展是农业现代化的重要组成部分,也是推动乡村振兴和农民增收的重要途径。【方法】应用文献分析法与统计分析方法对和田地区畜牧业发展现状进行分析,找出畜牧业高质量发展中存在的问题,并提出相应的政策建议。【结果】从畜禽良种繁育体系不健全、饲草料供应体系不完善、肉类产品供需矛盾突出、畜牧业经营主体的联农带农机制不强、畜牧产业发展的支撑条件不完善等方面分析和田地区畜牧业发展中存在的问题,提出了优化并完善畜禽良种繁育体系、加强饲草料供应体系建设、加强畜产品供给能力提升与市场体系构建、加强龙头企业的引领和带动作用、提高畜牧业产业发展支撑能力等政策建议。【结论】探讨和田地区畜牧业高质量发展的政策建议,对推动乡村振兴、促进经济发展、优化农业产业结构以及提高农民收入具有重要的现实意义。

基于全产业链视野的新农科背景下实践教学体系的构建——以广东海洋大学水产养殖学专业为例

当前,新农科建设是涉农高等院校教育改革的重要方向。国家新农科“三部曲”之“北京指南”提出要开展探索基于全产业链的农林人才培养新机制。文章分析了水产养殖学专业实践教学中主要存在的培养方案实践教学环节弱化、实践教学师资力量薄弱、实践教学与产业需求脱节、实践教学评价机制不健全等问题,进而提出了构建水产养殖学专业“全产业链”实践教学体系的策略:坚持立德树人,优化实践教学体系;加强校内外“双师制”师资队伍建设;以产业需求为导向,实施多元化实践教学;加强对接产业的校外实践教学平台建设;建立全过程多元实践教学评价机制。该研究为提高新农科背景下的实践教学水平提供参考。

高职院校农牧专业实践育人存在问题及实施路径探索

以“三全育人”理念推动高职农牧专业实践育人工作,旨在为企业培养技术技能型人才。从用人单位需求、学生发展需求和学生素质提升等途径展示了实践育人的重要性,当前高职院校还存在实践育人重视程度不够、体系不健全、资源缺乏、育人人才队伍不足、考核评价不科学等问题。重点围绕实践育人顶层设计、育人锻炼平台、育人模式、育人团队和评价体系建设等方面介绍了江苏农牧科技职业学院实践育人的实施路径,为新时代高职院校农牧专业实践育人工作提供参考。

“智慧+”背景下畜牧兽医新农科人才培养与实施路径

随着“互联网+”、人工智能时代的到来,新农科建设“三部曲”等国家重大战略部署的落地实施,越来越多的先进技术推动着畜牧业的发展,促进畜牧业生产力的变革,这对涉农院校畜牧兽医人才培养提出了深层次的要求。阐述了当前畜牧兽医人才培养模式中存在的问题,“智慧+”背景下畜牧兽医新农科人才跨学科培养的紧迫性,并提出了构建“智慧+”背景下多学科融合的畜牧兽医新农科人才培养模式的路径与措施。

混合教学模式下课程教学改革探索——以“普通畜牧学”为例

“普通畜牧学”是农业院校草业科学、农业经济管理及马业科学学生的专业拓展课程之一。目前,随着现代化教学模式的推荐,该课程面临着改革的挑战,主要体现在教学理论、教学方法、教学手段和评价方式等方面。因此,需认识课程教学的不足之处,从而采取线上线下混合教学模式的教学方法,合理进行教学质量和教学效果的提升,激发学生的主观能动性,优化教学培养模式。根据教学中的实际问题,探索线上线下混合教学模式,为“普通畜牧学”课程质量和高校高质量发展提供了教学改革参考。

乡村振兴战略下中国式畜牧强国建设的路径探析

畜牧业是农业农村发展的支柱产业之一,对保障食品安全有重要影响。乡村振兴战略的推进下,中国式畜牧强国建设已取得一定成效,我国畜牧业转型升级步伐加快,产能持续提升,质量效益和竞争能力持续提高;畜牧产业规模的不断壮大极大地带动了农村发展和农民增收;科技支撑加强,绿色发展进程全面推进,中国式畜牧强国建设取得明显成就。因此,中国式畜牧强国建设需践行绿色发展理念,适应高质量发展要求的具体体现,推进共同富裕的关键路径与核心任务。畜牧业发展需补齐行业短板,全面提升发展质量,坚持扩大内需,有效带动农业农村经济加速增长。应深化科技改革,为畜牧行业绿色转型升级赋能,为驱动中国式畜牧强国建设提供有益参考。