Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substan...Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence. We used non- invasive, high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional （3D） morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus, one of eight such troglobiotic species. 3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components, which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone, a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae, and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic. A horn cavity occurred within the horn. The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling, and were, connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue. We tentatively called this configuration the ＂otocornual connection＂ due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids, which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals. This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish, and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life, which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S. hyalinus become available.展开更多
Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China.Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head,which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substanti...Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China.Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head,which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence.We used non-invasive,high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional(3D)morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus,one of eight such troglobiotic species.3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components,which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone,a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae,and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic.A horn cavity occurred within the horn.The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling,and were,connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue.We tentatively called this configuration the“otocornual connection”due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids,which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals.This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish,and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life,which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S.hyalinus become available.展开更多
A strain of Chytriomyces hyalinus fungus was applied as a pretreatment on industrial wastewater pollutant using electrocoagulations column of aluminum electrodes in a continuous system. The parameters considered in th...A strain of Chytriomyces hyalinus fungus was applied as a pretreatment on industrial wastewater pollutant using electrocoagulations column of aluminum electrodes in a continuous system. The parameters considered in this experiment include pH, conductivity, color, turbidity, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) nitrate, nitrite, and SB (sporangia biomass). Biological and electrocoagulations treatments had the next conditions: Chytriomyces hyalinus solutions 1:10, 60 min of biological treatment, 50 mL/min flow, constant ventilations, 15 min of electrocoagulations time and 3.4 A of electrical current. Color and turbidity values dropped with a 90% efficiency (2700 to170 Pt-Co;120 to10 FAU, respectively), COD 68% (2100 to 672 mg/L), BOD5 70% (650 to 195 mg/L), nitrate showed an 86% (3.8 to 0.5 mg/L), finally nitrite with a 60% amount reduction (1.5 to 0.6 mg/L). For SB parameter, there was a value rising as same as the treatment time (r2 = 0.90) carrying out a y = 94.302e0.0356x model. These results reveal a positive outcome of Chytriomyces hyalinus on industrial wastewater pollutants pre-treated with aluminium electrocoagulations in a continuous system.展开更多
基金supported by the fund of State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution(GREKF13-06)
文摘Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence. We used non- invasive, high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional （3D） morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus, one of eight such troglobiotic species. 3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components, which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone, a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae, and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic. A horn cavity occurred within the horn. The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling, and were, connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue. We tentatively called this configuration the ＂otocornual connection＂ due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids, which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals. This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish, and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life, which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S. hyalinus become available.
基金This work was partially supported by the fund of State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution(GREKF13-06)。
文摘Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China.Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head,which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence.We used non-invasive,high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional(3D)morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus,one of eight such troglobiotic species.3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components,which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone,a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae,and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic.A horn cavity occurred within the horn.The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling,and were,connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue.We tentatively called this configuration the“otocornual connection”due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids,which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals.This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish,and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life,which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S.hyalinus become available.
文摘A strain of Chytriomyces hyalinus fungus was applied as a pretreatment on industrial wastewater pollutant using electrocoagulations column of aluminum electrodes in a continuous system. The parameters considered in this experiment include pH, conductivity, color, turbidity, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) nitrate, nitrite, and SB (sporangia biomass). Biological and electrocoagulations treatments had the next conditions: Chytriomyces hyalinus solutions 1:10, 60 min of biological treatment, 50 mL/min flow, constant ventilations, 15 min of electrocoagulations time and 3.4 A of electrical current. Color and turbidity values dropped with a 90% efficiency (2700 to170 Pt-Co;120 to10 FAU, respectively), COD 68% (2100 to 672 mg/L), BOD5 70% (650 to 195 mg/L), nitrate showed an 86% (3.8 to 0.5 mg/L), finally nitrite with a 60% amount reduction (1.5 to 0.6 mg/L). For SB parameter, there was a value rising as same as the treatment time (r2 = 0.90) carrying out a y = 94.302e0.0356x model. These results reveal a positive outcome of Chytriomyces hyalinus on industrial wastewater pollutants pre-treated with aluminium electrocoagulations in a continuous system.
