Contribution to the Full 3D Finite Element Modelling of a Hybrid Stepping Motor with and without Current in the Coils

The paper presents our contribution to the full 3D finite element modelling of a hybrid stepping motor using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This type of four-phase motor has a permanent magnet interposed between the two identical and coaxial half stators. The calculation of the field with or without current in the windings (respectively with or without permanent magnet) is done using a mixed formulation with strong coupling. In addition, the local high saturation of the ferromagnetic material and the radial and axial components of the magnetic flux are taken into account. The results obtained make it possible to clearly observe, as a function of the intensity of the bus current or the remanent induction, the saturation zones, the lines, the orientations and the magnetic flux densities. 3D finite element modelling provide more accurate numerical data on the magnetic field through multiphysics analysis. This analysis considers the actual operating conditions and leads to the design of an optimized machine structure, with or without current in the windings and/or permanent magnet.

Finite-element modeling and simulations of the intra-body communication used for biomedical monitoring

The finite-element modeling and simulations of the intra-body communication （IBC） were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for biomedical monitoring. A finite-element model for the whole human body was developed to simulate the IBC. The simulation of galvanic coupling IBC and electrostatic coupling IBC were implemented along with different signal transmission paths, and their attenuations were calculated. Our study showed that the position near the signal electrode had higher potential than other positions in the two types of IBC, while the potential generally decreased along the axis of the body parts. Both signal attenuations of the two types IBC increased with increasing signal transmission distance, and the electrostatic coupling IBC had comparatively higher receiving potential than the galvanic coupling IBC. The results indicated that the proposed modeling method could be used for the research of biomedical monitoring based on IBC technology.

Multiscale Hybrid-Mixed Finite Element Method for Flow Simulation in Fractured Porous Media

The multiscale hybrid-mixed(MHM)method is applied to the numerical approximation of two-dimensional matrix fluid flow in porous media with fractures.The two-dimensional fluid flow in the reservoir and the one-dimensional flow in the discrete fractures are approximated using mixed finite elements.The coupling of the two-dimensional matrix flow with the one-dimensional fracture flow is enforced using the pressure of the one-dimensional flow as a Lagrange multiplier to express the conservation of fluid transfer between the fracture flow and the divergence of the one-dimensional fracture flux.A zero-dimensional pressure(point element)is used to express conservation of mass where fractures intersect.The issuing simulation is then reduced using the MHM method leading to accurate results with a very reduced number of global equations.A general system was developed where fracture geometries and conductivities are specified in an input file and meshes are generated using the public domain mesh generator GMsh.Several test cases illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by comparing the multiscale results with direct simulations.

基于混合建模的新型微槽刀具外冷通道结构优化设计

这里提出了一种有限元法(FEM)和计算流体力学(CFD)的混合建模方法。通过单因素试验生成响应曲面,分析了喷嘴的直径、角度、压力对刀具最高温度的单因素和交互影响规律。采用正交试验设计方法,以刀具最高温度为评价指标,以微流道的截面形状、宽度,深度和微流道分布的角度为影响因素,通过仿真分析,研究以上四个因素对刀具降温的影响。研究表明,截面宽度较大的矩形微流道对刀具降温效果较好,微流道的角度、深度影响次之,微流道的形状影响最小。通过对模型的验证,证明了模型的有效性。

并列式双转子混合自励磁电机励磁源参数优化设计和磁场调节特性分析

针对永磁同步电机气隙磁场不可调以及传统电励磁电机的效率低等问题,提出了一种新型并列式双转子混合自励磁电机。首先,该电机利用谐波激励原理,通过调节谐波电压可灵活调整励磁电流,在中高速域更容易实现弱磁扩速。其次,保证功率不变的前提下,先分析两部分各占的比重,再分别对励磁源参数进行优化设计。最后,通过调节励磁电流的大小与方向且利用二维有限元模型对所提电机的性能进行验证。仿真结果证明:所提电机具有较好的调磁能力,在弱磁情况下,反电动势幅值接近于0,可以有效实现转速调节。

不同连接构造的预制拼装钢管混凝土桥墩数值模拟与地震响应特点

无黏结预应力节段拼装钢管混凝土桥墩主要包括承插连接与混合连接两种承台连接方式。为比较两种不同连接构造下桥墩的地震响应特点,采用OpenSees软件分别建立了桥墩有限元模型,其中,承插连接钢管混凝土桥墩模型能够考虑插入承台部分钢管与周围混凝土的黏结滑移、钢管局部屈曲以及屈曲后撕裂等过程,而混合连接钢管混凝土桥墩模型能够再现出接缝的摇摆行为;并通过与相关拟静力试验数据结果进行对比,验证了两种数值模型的有效性;随后,以一座4跨连续梁桥为背景,分别研究了采用混合连接、无预应力承插连接和预应力承插连接桥墩桥梁结构在地震作用时的响应特点。结果表明:两种承插连接桥墩的墩底钢管在地震动峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)约0.4 g时发生屈曲,并伴随水平刚度下降和残余位移增大,且配置无黏结预应力的承插连接桥墩钢管屈曲引起的损伤程度更大,随着地震动输入进一步增大,预应力为桥墩提供的自复位能力逐步增加,在PGA=0.6 g时,预应力承插连接桥墩的残余位移仅为无预应力桥墩的62%。此外,配置混合连接桥墩的桥梁在地震作用下损伤较小,残余漂移比小于0.2%,比承插连接桥墩更优的自复位能力。

脊柱胸腰段应力分布与骨折相关性的三维有限元分析

目的:观察脊柱胸腰段骨折与椎体骨性结构及韧带间应力分布的相关性,探索脊柱胸腰段椎体骨折的力学机制。方法:招募8名健康男性青年志愿者,行脊柱全长X线片和CT检查排除脊柱畸形、肿瘤及骨病,对脊柱各椎体及股骨行骨密度测定排除骨质疏松。均行自T11椎体上终板至L2椎体下缘CT薄层扫描,将8名志愿者CT图像参数导入ABAQUS 2016软件中进行标准化,并进行有限元网格化构建。应用MIMICS 17.0、GEOMAGICS 15.0和PRO/ENGINEER 5.0软件处理,建立脊柱胸腰段有限元模型,测量模型相关参数,并验证模型有效性。在T11椎体上终板上加载竖直轴向载荷500N、附加扭矩10N·m模拟垂直压缩、前屈、后伸、左右侧屈、左右旋转7种运动状态,使用ABAQUS软件对有限元模型7种运动状态下的应力分布特点及变化规律进行分析,观察应力分布与脊柱胸腰段骨折的相关性。结果:建立的三维有限元模型共有309583个节点和428760个单元,包括4个椎体、3个椎间盘、前纵韧带、后纵韧带、横突间韧带、棘间韧带等结构。7种运动状态下的数据与文献报道的数据无明显偏差,模型有效。T11~L2椎体椎弓根截面积分别为135mm^(2)、154mm^(2)、105mm^(2)、139.2mm^(2)。应力云图结果显示各运动状态下高应力区存在于椎体的松质骨、椎弓根及其周围骨皮质。在垂直压缩状况下,T12椎体所受应力最大(617.4MPa),前屈状态下T11所受应力最大(200.7MPa),后伸、左右侧屈和左右旋转状态下L1椎体所受应力最大(314.2MPa、574.4MPa、626.2MPa、641.3MPa、527.1MPa),且前屈体位时椎体所能承受的应力最小,左旋转时所能承受的应力最大。垂直压缩状况下T12椎体发生骨折,前屈状态下T11发生骨折伴韧带损伤,后伸、左右侧屈和左右旋转状态下L1椎体发生骨折伴韧带损伤。骨折发生时,前纵韧带在后伸、左右侧屈状态下存在高应力区,后纵韧带在前屈状态下存在高应力区,横突间韧带和棘间韧带在前屈、左右侧屈、左右旋转状态下存在高应力区。结论:在构建包括重要韧带、椎间盘等软组织结构的脊柱胸腰段三维模型中,椎体松质骨、椎弓根及其周围骨皮质、韧带均存在高应力区,不同状态下所受应力最大椎体不同,发生骨折的椎体和韧带损伤也不同;L1椎弓根截面积最小,最易发生骨折。

GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土隧道管片力学性能研究

为研究GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土隧道管片的力学性能,进行了三个不同GFRP筋配筋率的钢-聚丙烯纤维混凝土管片静力受弯试验,获得了试件的破坏形态、承载力及裂缝扩展模式。考虑GFRP筋与混杂纤维混凝土的界面黏结,采用ABAQUS建立了GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土管片的有限元模型,分析了不同混杂纤维掺量和配筋率对管片受弯承载力的影响。研究结果表明:GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土管片的破坏主要是由跨中主裂缝贯穿和GFRP筋材断裂导致;在纤维体积掺量不变的情况下,提高纵向受拉GFRP筋的配筋率,可以有效提高管片的受弯承载力;在数值计算中,考虑GFRP筋与混杂纤维混凝土的界面黏结滑移的有限元模型能更准确地模拟试件的开裂荷载、极限荷载和弯曲刚度;在承载力不变的情况下,增加混杂纤维的体积分数能有效减少管片的配筋率,并且提高管片的抗变形能力;通过回归分析,提出了纤维掺量与配筋率关系的计算式,理论计算结果与数值结果符合较好。

发射载荷作用下特种车辆动态响应仿真分析与优化

基于HyperMesh-LS-DYNA有限元建模与仿真方法,探究了特种车辆在发射载荷作用下车体的稳定性问题。以某型特种车辆为研究对象,在车辆数值仿真模型中构建了悬架等相关柔性化组件,对车体在发射载荷作用下的稳定性进行分析,发现发射载荷未能均匀分散到各支撑结构,且在发射底座、 g-h轴对应轮胎与地面的接触压力较大,发射筒摆动幅度较大。基于上述结果,提出调整支腿结构的刚度阻尼系数和增加附加支撑结构两种优化方案,以达到减小车辆与地面的接触压力以及车体纵向摆动幅度的目的,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明,辅助支撑的数量与位置对车体稳定性的影响较大,靠近底座以及数量越多,对车体稳定的保持效果较好,其中在g-h轴之间增加一对附加支腿,底座接触力减少16%;在b-c、 g-h轴之间同时各增加一对附加支腿,底座接触压力减少20%,发射筒摆动幅度范围缩减12.1%。

Hybrid-Ⅲ型Dummy刚性有限元模型的研究改进

Hybrid-Ⅲ型Dummy刚性有限元模型因具有独特的优点已被广泛地用于评定汽车乘员安全系统有效性的模拟研究中。在汽车安全带的模拟中发现现有模型存在较大的缺陷。本文提供了一个改进模型,利用实验结果验证,改进模型是合理有效的。该模型可为乘员安全保护系统的评估提供更为精确的模拟结果。

某型列车板梁混合建模仿真分析研究

车体底架作为车体的主要承载部件,其底架横梁截面形式对车体的力学特性起决定作用,实际设计中,往往需要对车体底架横梁的设计参数进行反复修改论证,延长了设计的周期。从加快仿真分析流程,提高研发设计效率的角度出发,文中提出了一种基于板梁混合单元的有限元建模方法,并依据车体常用的EN 12663设计评价标准,分别对板壳有限元模型和板梁混合有限元模型进行仿真分析计算,得到了两种不同建模方式的仿真分析结果。并在此基础上,对两种不同建模方式从刚度、强度等方面进行对比评价,结果表明,在车体强度和刚度方面,采用板梁混合建模的方式能够在保证结果精度的前提下对板壳有限元模型起到很好的替代作用。

白车身中通道地板抗凹性能优化及影响因素研究

针对某白车身中通道地板存在的抗凹问题,建立有限元模型并计算;通过计算得到地板抗凹性能指标数值;并将试验结果和有限元模型计算结果进行对比,两者有较好的一致性,有限元分析方法有效;用正交试验搜寻地板最优抗凹性能参数组合,以横向加强筋深度、材料牌号和钣金厚度为研究因素,每个因素设计3个水平,建立正交表L_(9)(3^(4))并完成9组有限元模型计算;对分析结果进行方差和极差分析,得到各因素水平对地板各抗凹性能指标影响,最终得到最优参数组合。本文研究结果为中通道地板抗凹性能设计提供参考依据,对工程应用有较大意义。

预应力自复位节点有限元合理建模方法研究

预应力自复位结构具有良好的自复位性能,能显著降低震后的残余变形。节点的连接形式影响其自复位性能和抗震能力,为推动此类结构优化设计,需要大量研究分析工作和参数化分析,合理的建模方式可以更有效模拟出结构真实的受力情况。系统探讨了预应力自复位节点有限元分析中的核心问题,通过ABAQUS对内置耗能钢筋预应力自复位节点和角钢耗能预应力自复位节点试验数值模拟,得出结论:对于普通钢筋本构,使用滞回模型结果略好于双折线模型,但整体差异较小;降温法和MPC法均可以较好施加预应力,两者方法效果相同;虚筋法可以较好模拟出预应力筋的滑移,节点承载力和滞回曲线吻合度较高,同时工作量较耦合法和弹簧法更小。

基于频率响应分析的BCM支架随机振动疲劳寿命预测

针对某车型车身控制模块(BCM)支架的振动开裂问题,建立BCM支架有限元模型进行随机振动疲劳分析。分析结果与随机振动试验开裂位置吻合,验证了BCM支架随机振动分析的有效性。最后,对BCM支架进行了优化,效果良好。

碰撞工况下车体强度及沙箱装载加固状态研究

文章以某城轨车辆为例,对车辆碰撞过程中界面力与车体强度的关系进行研究。为降低质量配重方式对车体强度的影响,设计了沙箱装载配重装置,并用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对整个碰撞过程进行仿真,获取了沙箱的的惯性冲击力值,据此制定出沙箱加固方案。通过对加固的沙箱装载配重车辆进行碰撞模拟仿真及静强度分析,得出以下结论:车体碰撞时与静强度工况下不发生屈服的加载力的比值为1.525,不发生破坏的加载力的比值为2.187,仿真分析结果为车辆碰撞试验提供了指导依据。

基于Isight的某SUV白车身轻量化设计

车身轻量化设计对汽车的节能减排有重要意义,为了对处于开发后期的某运动型多用途车(SUV)车型进行减重优化,应用代理模型技术搭建白车身优化流程。首先建立SUV白车身有限元模型,对扭转刚度性能进行仿真分析并作为优化设计的约束条件,通过两次灵敏度分析,筛选出66个关键部件,38个设计变量,基于Isight优化平台,进行试验设计并构建了代理模型,以车身质量为目标,采用HYBRID算法对关键部件的厚度进行尺寸优化设计。优化后的白车身扭转刚度基本保持不变,车身质量得到降低。此优化流程在车型开发后期的白车身减重方面具有良好效果。

Comparison of electromagnetic exposure to child and adult from electric vehicle wireless power transmission

It is important to verify the safety of electric vehicle(EV)wireless power transmission for child passengers by studying the electromagnetic exposure difference between the child passengers and the adult passengers.The dielectric parameters of the child passengers’body were calculated under the operating frequency of 85 kHz.Using the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics,a model was established for the child passengers and adult passengers when the EVs charged by the wireless charging coil.This paper analyzed the distribution of magnetic induction intensity and induced electric field intensity generated on the body and head when the child passengers and adult passengers sat in four different positions.Additionally,the difference between the brain electromagnetic exposure values of children and adults was analyzed and compared with the limits set.The results showed that the electromagnetic exposure was the largest when the passenger sat in the co-driver position.The electromagnetic exposure level of child was slightly higher than that of adult at the same position,and the magnetic induction intensity and induced electric field intensity of both were much smaller than the public electromagnetic exposure recommendation values.

Fracture development around deep underground excavations: Insights from FDEM modelling

Over the past twenty years, there has been a growing interest in the development of numerical modelsthat can realistically capture the progressive failure of rock masses. In particular, the investigation ofdamage development around underground excavations represents a key issue in several rock engineeringapplications, including tunnelling, mining, drilling, hydroelectric power generation, and the deepgeological disposal of nuclear waste. The goal of this paper is to show the effectiveness of a hybrid finitediscreteelement method （FDEM） code to simulate the fracturing mechanisms associated with theexcavation of underground openings in brittle rock formations. A brief review of the current state-of-theartmodelling approaches is initially provided, including the description of selecting continuum- anddiscontinuum-based techniques. Then, the influence of a number of factors, including mechanical and insitu stress anisotropy, as well as excavation geometry, on the simulated damage is analysed for threedifferent geomechanical scenarios. Firstly, the fracture nucleation and growth process under isotropicrock mass conditions is simulated for a circular shaft. Secondly, the influence of mechanical anisotropy onthe development of an excavation damaged zone （EDZ） around a tunnel excavated in a layered rockformation is considered. Finally, the interaction mechanisms between two large caverns of an undergroundhydroelectric power station are investigated, with particular emphasis on the rock mass responsesensitivity to the pillar width and excavation sequence. Overall, the numerical results indicate that FDEMsimulations can provide unique geomechanical insights in cases where an explicit consideration offracture and fragmentation processes is of paramount importance. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Identification of Magnetic Bearing Stiffness and Damping Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

Identifying the stiffness and damping of active magnetic bearings(AMBs)is necessary since those parameters can affect the stability and performance of the high-speed rotor AMBs system.A new identification method is proposed to identify the stiffness and damping coefficients of a rotor AMB system.This method combines the global optimization capability of the genetic algorithm(GA)and the local search ability of Nelder-Mead simplex method.The supporting parameters are obtained using the hybrid GA based on the experimental unbalance response calculated through the transfer matrix method.To verify the identified results,the experimental stiffness and damping coefficients are employed to simulate the unbalance responses for the rotor AMBs system using the finite element method.The close agreement between the simulation and experimental data indicates that the proposed identified algorithm can effectively identify the AMBs supporting parameters.