The Utilization of HB-red Flower in Hybrid Cotton Breeding

The HB-red flower trait came from the filial generation of the interspecific cross of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) and G.bickii.It exhibits pink petals and filaments,with a large

Comparisons of Photosynthetic Characteristics in Relation to Lint Yield Among F_1 Hybrids, Their F_2 Descendants and Parental Lines of Cotton

We compared the photosynthetic characteristics in relation to yield of two F1 cotton hybrids(Shiza 2-F1 and Xinluzao 43-F1), their parental lines(NT2, H2 and 4-14) and their F2 descendants at different growth and development stages. The two F1 exhibited heterobeltiosis in net photosynthetic rate(Pn) by 8.1-52.1%, canopy apparent photosynthetic rate(CAP) by 8.2-57.6% and canopy respiration rate(CR) by 3.0-78.7% during the growing season. They also exhibited mid-parent heterosis by 2.0-5.2% in leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD) during the late growth and development stages. Regression analysis showed that both parents contributed to increase in Pn, SPAD and CAP in the F1. A low CR in the F1 matched a low CR of the parental line. Photosynthetic characteristics in the F2 were mainly dependent upon the magnitude and degeneration rate of the F1. Mid-parent heterosis in CAP and in CR during the late growth and development stage reduced the degeneration of the F2. Average dry matter accumulation was 10.7-34.7% higher in the parental lines of Xinluzao 43-F1 than in the parental lines of Shiza 2-F1. Heterobeltiosis in dry matter accumulation was 7.0-23.1% greater for Xinluzao 43-F1 than for Shiza 2-F1. Dry matter accumulation in the F1 was affected by either the dry matter accumulation of parents or heterobeltiosis. Dry matter accumulation in the F2 was mainly influenced by dry matter accumulation in the F1. The yields of the two F1 were 39.1-46.3% higher than their respective parents and 26.4-45.9% higher than that of the conventional cultivar Xinluzao 33. The yields of the two F2 were 9.2-12.8% higher than the parents and 14.9-27.4% higher than that of Xinluzao 33. The photosynthetic production and yield of the F1 and F2 were higher than that of their parents. The increases in Pn and CAP of the F1 and F2 were dependent on the photosynthetic characteristics of their parents. It is thus concluded that the photosynthetic performance, light use efficiency and yield of the F1 can be improved by using at least one parent with low CR, but high CAP, Pn and SPAD. This strategy might also improve the value of the F2.

Improvement of Fiber Quality by Distant Hybridization in the Green Cotton

In order to improve fiber quality of green cotton,a wide hybrid was used between a green fiber cotton and Sea Island cotton.The results show that the hybrid F1 plants were stable,but F2

Genotypic Resistance of F_1 Cotton Hybrids by Inoculation with Different Virulent Isolates of the Fungus Verticillium Dahliae Klebahn

The plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae causes severe cotton losses in Uzbekistan. To create cotton varieties that are resistant to the more virulent races of V.dahliae we wanted to determine

Use of Interspecific Hybrids in the Texas A&M University Cotton Improvement Laboratory

Integrating alleles from Gossypium species into G.hirsutum is important for the enhancement of genetic variability and for creating polymorphism useful in molecular mapping studies.Through collaborative efforts,several species including G.barbadense,G.tomentosum,and G.mustelinum

The Cloning and Fluorescence In situ HybridizationAnalysis of Cotton Telomere Sequence

Telomeres form the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and serve as protective caps that keep chromosomes structure independency and completeness. The first plant telomere DNA was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana and was shown to have tandemly repeated sequence 5′-TTTAGGG-3′. The Arabidopsis-type telomere has been found in many plants, but several reports indicate that this sequence is absent in some plants. Up to now, no research has been conducted on the telomere of cotton. In this paper, the Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence was amplified and cloned using the primers designed based on the fragment containing telomere sequence in an Arabidopsis bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with cotton metaphase chromosomes using the Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence as probes indicated that the signals were located at all chromosome ends of seven diploid and two tetraploid cotton species with different signal intensities among chromosome complements of different cotton species, even between long and short arms of the same chromosome. To identify the signals of FISH, the genome DNA of Xinhai 7, a cultivar of Gossypium barbadense, digested by BAL-31 nuclease was introduced in this study. The result of BAL-31 digestion indicated that the hybridization signals of FISH represent the outermost DNA sequence of each cotton chromosomes. So we first proved that the telomeric repeats of cotton cross-hybridize with that of Arabidopsis. The results of terminal restriction fragment (TRF) showed significant variation in telomere length among cotton species. The telomere length of cultivated cotton was close to 20 kb and was larger than those of wild cotton species whose telomere length ranged from 6 to 20 kb.

海陆杂交长绒棉棉铃、纤维品质性状及相关性分析

【目的】明确海陆杂交长绒棉的棉铃、纤维品质性状及相关性,为选育高产海陆杂交长绒棉提供参考依据。【方法】以自主选育的抗虫陆地棉种质系为母本、生产上推广应用的新疆长绒海岛棉品种为父本,配制海陆杂交棉新组合,分析23个海陆杂交棉组合F1代的棉铃、纤维品质性状以及相关性。【结果】23个海陆杂交棉组合F1代单铃重变幅为3.7~5.0 g,单铃重超过4.2 g的组合有12个,变异系数为9.0%;衣分变幅为20.1%~36.7%,衣分超过30.0%的组合有5个,变异系数为10.7%。不同组合F1代纤维长度变幅为34.5~38.5 mm,纤维长度在35.0 mm以上的组合有22个,变异系数为2.6%;纤维比强度变幅为34.8~41.8 cN/tex,纤维比强度超过39.0 cN/tex的组合有9个,变异系数为5.3%;马克隆值变幅为2.8~4.2,马克隆值A级的组合有10个,变异系数为11.8%。海陆杂交棉的单铃重与不孕籽率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.683**)、与每囊粒数呈极显著正相关(r=0.660**)、与每铃囊数呈显著正相关(r=0.495*);海陆杂交棉的纤维整齐度与纤维长度、纤维比强度呈极显著正相关(r=0.578**、r=0.639**),与伸长率呈显著正相关(r=0.506*);衣分与纤维长度呈显著负相关(r=-0.475*)。在23个海陆杂交棉组合中,W042×新海53号、W046×新海54号、W047×新海54号的棉铃性状与纤维品质性状已呈现同步改良。【结论】利用陆地棉与长绒海岛棉的杂交互补优势,可以实现长绒棉产量性状与纤维品质性状的同步改良。

Test on Wilt-Resistance of Simple Hybrides F7 and Beckross Hybrid Lines F6 B1 of <i>G. hirsutum</i>L. of Cotton to New Virulent Isolates of Fungus <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i>and <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>

The article presents the results of studies on the resistance of hybrid cotton lines to a new virulent isolate (strain) of the fungus Fusarium verticillioides upon inoculation of the host plant. Based on the studies, it was found that the complex genotypic resistance of the studied lines, when the host plants are inoculated with isolates of -100 V. dahliae Kleb fungus and 103 Fusarium verticillioides fungi, depends on the degree of resistance of the parental forms and their combination ability.

棉花海陆回交群体盛铃期的光合特性及其生理基础

为探究棉花海陆回交群体盛铃期的光合特性及其生理基础,筛选海陆杂交后代高光效种质资源,以陆地棉‘系9’为母本、海岛棉‘新海16’为父本构建的115份BC4F2:4株系群体为研究对象,测定其在田间条件下的光合参数及生理生化指标,利用描述性统计、相关性分析、回归分析、主成分分析和聚类分析评价子代株系的育种潜力。结果表明,回交群体的15个性状变异丰富,变异系数在8.96%~51.09%,其中净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、胞间CO_(2)浓度、气孔导度、水蒸气压亏缺、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性9个性状变异系数均在20%以上。相关性分析发现,海陆回交群体不仅在光合或生理生化指标各自内部存在显著相关性,在光合与生理生化指标之间也存在显著相关性,其中叶绿素相对值(soil and plant analyzer develotrnent,SPAD)与14个性状的相关性均达到显著水平。多元逐步回归分析构建出10个光合生理指标的最佳回归方程。主成分分析提取了5个主成分,累计贡献率达78.608%,第1和第4主成分有效解释群体生理指标,第2、第3和第5主成分有效解释群体光合性状。Ward.D层次聚类法将群体划分为4类,第Ⅰ、第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ和第Ⅳ类群占总材料的百分比分别为33.91%、10.43%、29.57%和26.09%,且第Ⅳ类群的30份材料是综合性状较好的棉花种质,可作为适合育种需要的高光效品系。研究结果为棉花高光效育种提供了理论依据及材料支撑。

Genetic analysis of yield and fiber quality traits in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivated in different ecological regions of China

Background:Cotton is an important fiber crop worldwide.The yield potential of current genotypes of cotton can be exploited through hybridization.However,to develop superior hybrids with high yield and fiber quality traits,information of genetic control of traits is prerequisite.Therefore,genetic analysis plays pivotal role in plant breeding.Results:In present study,North Carolina II mating design was used to cross 5 female parents with 6 male parents to produce 30 intraspecific F1cotton hybrids.All plant materials were tested in three different ecological regions of China during the year of 2016-2017.Additive-dominance-environment(ADE)genetic model was used to estimate the genetic effects and genotypic and phenotypic correlation of yield and fiber quality traits.Results showed that yield traits except lint percentage were mainly controlled by genetic and environment interaction effects,whereas lint percentage and fiber quality traits were determined by main genetic effects.Moreover,dominant and additiveen vironine nt in teraction effects had more influence on yield traits,whereas additive and domi nance-e nviron ment interaction effects were found to be predominant for fiber traits.Broad-sense and its interaction heritability were significant for all yield and most of fiber quality traits.Narrow-sense and its interaction heritability were non-significant for boll number and seed cotton yield.Correlation analysis indicated that seed cotton yield had significant positive correlation with other yield attributes and non-significant with fiber quality traits.All fiber quality traits had signiflcant positive correlation with each other except micronaire.Conclusions:Results of current study provide important information about genetic control of yield and fiber quality traits.Further,this study identified that parental lines,e.g.,SJ48-1,ZB-1,851-2,and DT-8 can be utilized to improve yield and fiber quality traits in cotton.

Electrospun MgO/Nylon 6 Hybrid Nanofibers for Protective Clothing

Magnesia(MgO) nanoparticles were produced from magnesite ore(MgCO3) using ball mill. The crystalline size, morphology and specific SSA were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, respectively. MgO nanoparticle-incorporated nylon6 solutions were electrospun to produce nanofiber mats. Surface morphology and internal structure of the prepared hybrid nanofiber mats were examined by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The fire retardancy and antibacterial activity(Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) of coated fabrics made from MgO/nylon 6 hybrid nanofiber are better than those from nylon6 nanofiber.

Primary Studies on Cotton Telomere

The Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence was amplified and cloned using the primers designed from the fragment which contained the telomere sequence in an Arabidopsis BAC.In situ hybridizations with cotton metaphase chromosomes,using the telomere as probe,it indicated that the

Hybridization between Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium stocksii through embryo rescue

Nutrient media and culture conditions have been defined for ovules 3 and 5 d after pollination and embryos of Gossypium herbaceum respectively. The technique was then used to produce interspecific hybrids between a cultivated Gossypium herbaceum and a wild species, G. stocksii. The hybrid plants were transferred to field and they exhibited most of the characters of the pollen parent i.e.G. stocksii.

Driving Mechanism of Cotton Comber's Detaching Roller Based on Time-Sharing Unidirectional Drive

The high-speed reciprocating motion of a detaching roller limits the velocity of a cotton comber and affects the quality of comber slivers. The article has proposed a controllable time-sharing unidirectional hybrid drive mechanism after analyzing detaching roller's current numerical control drive method. The analysis focuses on the detaching roller motion required according to cotton comber's velocity and process. The double-servo motors of the mechanism consists of differential gear trains. The mechanism addresses the problem of increased servo motor power,and failure of promptly responded to the positive inversion process of mechanism driven by servo motors. A velocity calculation model of the detaching roller controllable drive mechanism will be generated by using superposition method and design of differential gear trains. The accuracy of the model will be verified using the test platform. This study has presented a reliable and practical high-speed drive mechanism and can be a reference to future studies on high-speed reciprocating motion drive.

非生物胁迫诱导的棉花酵母双杂交文库构建及GhJAZ1互作蛋白筛选

非生物胁迫导致棉花生长发育受到抑制,严重影响棉花的产量和品质。为了深入探究棉花非生物逆境响应的分子作用机制并鉴定GhJAZ1的互作蛋白,本研究以陆地棉标准系TM-1为材料,采用Gateway重组技术构建了非生物胁迫诱导的陆地棉酵母双杂交cDNA文库,获得的初级文库总克隆数为1.2×10^(7)CFU,次级文库总克隆数为1.6×10^(7)CFU,重组阳性率100%,酵母文库滴度为5.0×10^(7)cells·mL^(-1),酵母克隆平均插入片段>1 000 bp,符合建库标准,可用于后续酵母双杂交筛选。以GhJAZ1为诱饵,构建pGBKT7-GhJAZ1诱饵蛋白表达载体,经毒性检测及自激活活性检测,明确了诱饵质粒在酵母系统中无毒性和自激活活性,可直接用于酵母文库筛选。利用酵母双杂交筛选构建的非生物胁迫诱导的酵母cDNA文库,得到72个初筛阳性克隆,经测序、序列比对和酵母回转验证,获得11个与GhJAZ1相互作用的候选蛋白。选取其中4个候选蛋白,利用酵母双杂交进一步确认了GhJAZ1与候选蛋白的相互作用关系。本研究结果为深入分析棉花非生物胁迫响应的调控网络奠定了良好的基础,为解析GhJAZ1低温应答分子机理提供了重要参考。

无氟超疏水自清洁织物的制备及性能

采用十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷(HDTES)和纳米二氧化硅(SiO_(2))为原料,通过水解缩聚,合成出一种改性纳米硅溶胶(SiO_(2)@HDTES),并将其与实验室自制的氨基硅树脂(ASi)复合,制备出一种新型有机-无机纳米杂化复合材料(ASi/SiO_(2)@HDTES)。以ASi/SiO_(2)@HDTES为成膜物质,采用喷涂技术在织物表面上得到无氟超疏水织物涂层。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热分析仪(TGA)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、接触角测量仪(OCA)、原子力显微镜(AFM)等对产物结构和性能进行测试和表征。结果表明:涂层表面具有微纳米级的分层结构,水接触角为152.8°,滚动角为8.4°,涂层可在室温下固化并具有良好的自清洁性能。该超疏水织物涂层具有无氟、无污染、环保等特点。

陆地棉杂交组合F_(1)、F_(2)苗期优势表现及亲本配合力分析

【目的】筛选优异亲本和强优势杂交组合选育,为棉花F_(2)生产应用提供理论依据。【方法】以8个核背景不同的陆地棉材料为亲本,采用5×3的NCⅡ遗传交配设计,在大田环境条件下,测定亲本、F_(1)、F_(2)和对照品种苗期株高、叶片SPAD值和光合作用参数。【结果】株高、SPAD值和净光合速率的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力较高,部分性状的F_(2)遗传力高于F_(1)。苗期各性状一般配合力好的亲本为P_(1)(中901)、P_(2)(ZB)、P_(6)(大桃)和P_(7)(Z98);杂交组合F_(1)和F_(2)在苗期性状(株高、SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率)中特殊配合力表现较好的为组合2(中901×Z98)、组合5(ZB×Z98)、组合7(SJ48×DT)。15个杂交组合的F_(1)和F_(2)在苗期各性状中较对照表现出不同的竞争优势,部分组合具有显著性差异;多数杂交组合的F_(1)和F_(2)在株高、SPAD值、净光合速率和气孔导度表现出正向中亲优势和超亲优势,而大多数组合F_(1)和F_(2)的胞间CO_(2)浓度和蒸腾速率表现出明显的负向中亲优势和超亲优势。【结论】在苗期性状中由父本P 7(Z98)组配的杂交组合在后代表现较好,具有较大的利用潜力。

基于主成分和聚类分析的两系杂交棉资源性状综合评价

为筛选具有生态适应性的高产、优质杂交棉亲本作为优异种质资源,对30份两系杂交棉种质资源表型性状进行变异系数分析、主成分分析、聚类分析。结果表明,30份两系杂交棉种质资源表型性状变异范围在0.81%~18.99%之间,平均遗传多样性指数为1.77,遗传多样性指数95%以上大于1.47,种质资源类型丰富。主成分分析前6个主成分累积贡献率为79.058%,利用3个因子对杂交棉种质资源性状进行综合评价,聚类分析将30份种质资源分为四个类群,其中表现好的是第Ⅳ类的7个种质资源(NA3D18056F1、NA3D18110F1、NA3D18126F1、NA3D18118F1、NA3D18051F1、NA3D18140F1、NA3D18069F1),生育期短、始节高较高、性器官总数较多、单铃重较重、籽棉产量和皮棉产量较高、绒长较长、强度和纺织参数较好,这类种质资源有较好的生态适应性(早熟)、产量、纤维品质,可继续种植,从中选择适合南疆的高产、优质杂交棉新品种。其父本可用作提高杂交棉育种的优质资源,继续开展田间杂交棉品种选育运用,力图选育出高产、优质的杂交棉新品种。

添加屎肠球菌对4种饲料原料发酵效果的影响

本试验旨在探究微贮过程中添加屎肠球菌对玉米秸秆、棉花秸秆、高丹草和芦苇发酵品质的影响,为4种饲料资源的开发和利用提供技术支持。试验以玉米秸秆、棉花秸秆、高丹草和芦苇为原料,每种原料分别设原料组、对照组和试验组,每组6个重复,测定4种原料发酵前后的营养成分及发酵后的感官评分和发酵指标。结果表明添加屎肠球菌发酵液使棉花秸秆和高丹草感官评定从2级尚好提高至1级优等。从常规养分来看,添加屎肠球菌发酵液显著降低了芦苇的干物质和可溶性糖含量(P<0.05);显著降低了高丹草的中性洗涤纤维含量(P<0.05)。添加屎肠球菌发酵液后,除棉花秸秆粗蛋白含量降低,其余3种饲料的粗蛋白含量均提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。从发酵指标分析,添加屎肠球菌发酵液后,芦苇的pH值和NH3-N含量显著降低(P<0.05),棉花秸秆中NH3-N含量显著降低(P<0.05),4种饲料乳酸含量均显著升高(P<0.05),棉花秸秆的乙酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加屎肠球菌发酵液提高了玉米秸秆、芦苇和高丹草的发酵品质,提高了棉花秸秆和高丹草的感官评定分值,但对棉花秸秆发酵品质改善效果不显著。