Corrosion Behavior of Steel Fibers in Reactive Powder Concrete with High Volume of Mineral Admixtures

The corrosion behavior and the effects of temperature on critical chloride content (Ccrit) of steel fibers in RPC were analyzed by a pH meter, ion chromatography, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and electrochemical techniques. It was found that the suspension pH value, the chloride binding capacity, and the total porosity of RPC were lower than those of high-performance concrete (HPC). The pore structure of RPC mainly consisted of gel pores. The Ccrit values of steel fibers in RPC and HPC at 20 ℃ were 1% and 2%, respectively. When the temperature reached 50 ℃, the Ccrit value of steel fibers in HPC decreased significantly, whereas it remained unchanged in RPC. The corrosion rate of corroded fibers in both RPC and HPC started to decrease with the rise in temperature.

Impact Resistance of Reactive Powder Concrete

The impact behaviour of three types of reactive powder concretes （RPC） was studied using the split Hopkinson press bar （SHPB） testing method. These RPC were prepared with steel fiber volume fraction of 0%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. The stress-strain relationship, strain rate sensitivity threshold value, dynamic strength increase factor, modulus of elasticity and failure pattern of these RPC specimens subjected to impact load were investigated. From the tests, the strain rate sensitivity threshold value of 50 s-1 was obtained. The experimental results showed that when the strain rate increased from the threshold value to 95 s-1, the maximum stress of RPC increased by about 20% and the modulus of elasticity of RPC increased by about 30%. The failure pattern of RPC specimens with steel fiber reinforcement was very different from that of the RPC matrix specimen when subjected to impact loading. Under similar impact loading rate, cracks developed in the steel fiber reinforced RPC specimens, whilst the RPC matrix specimens were broken into small pieces.

碳纤维和EPS颗粒对RPC性能的影响

研究了不同掺量(0、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、1.0%)的碳纤维(CF)全取代钢纤维(SF)对活性粉末混凝土(RPC)工作性的影响,优选出了适宜CF掺量;在此基础上,研究了EPS颗粒掺量(10%、20%、30%、40%、50%)对掺CF的RPC(CF-RPC)工作性、力学性能、干表观密度和导热系数的影响,并与同EPS颗粒掺量条件下掺SF的RPC(SF-RPC)性能进行了对比。结果表明:CF的适宜掺量为0.3%;随着EPS颗粒掺量的增加,CF-RPC试件的扩展度先增大后减小,抗压强度、抗折强度、干表观密度和导热系数均降低,韧性提升;与掺EPS的SF-RPC试件相比,掺EPS的CF-RPC试件的抗压强度较低,但韧性较好,干表观密度和导热系数均较低。

基于堆积密实度的固废活性粉末混凝土配合比设计方法

采用固废掺合料(粉煤灰、矿渣和玻璃粉)进行了活性粉末混凝土(RPC)制备及性能研究,研究了固废种类、掺量和掺入方式对RPC堆积密实度、工作性能、力学性能和微观结构的影响,提出了固废RPC强度模型。结果表明:粉煤灰、矿渣和玻璃粉的替代水泥量分别为15%、10%~15%和20%时,RPC强度更具有优势,工作性能和微观性能更好;固废合理的掺入可使立方体抗压强度最高提高25.8%,而且随着堆积密实度的增大,固废RPC立方体抗压强度先提高后稍有降低;结合鲍罗米公式和密度堆积模型,考虑影响RPC性能的主要因素,提出了固废掺合料RPC配合比的设计方法,为RPC的工程应用提供依据。

Mechanical properties of steel, glass, and hybrid fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete

This study examines the properties of fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete (FR-RPC). Steel fibers, glass fibers, and steel-glass hybrid fibers were used to prepare the FR-RPC. The non-fibrous reactive powder concrete (NF-RPC) was prepared as a reference mix. The proportion of fibers by volume for all FR-RPC mixes was 1.5%. Steel fibers of 13 mm length and 0.2 mm diameter were used to prepare the steel fiber-reinforced RPC (SFR-RPC). Glass fibers of 13 mm length and 1.3 mm diameter were used to prepare the glass fiber-reinforced RPC (GFR-RPC). The hybrid fiber-reinforced RPC (HFR-RPC) was prepared by mixing 0.9% steel fibers and 0.6% glass fibers. Compressive strength, axial load-axial deformation behavior, modulus of elasticity, indirect tensile strength, and shear strength of the RPC mixes were investigated. The results showed that SFR-RPC achieved higher compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and shear strength than NF-RPC, GFR-RPC, and HFR-RPC. Although the compressive strengths of GFR-RPC and HFR-RPC were slightly lower than the compressive strength of NF-RPC, the shear strengths of GFR-RPC and HFR-RPC were higher than that of NF-RPC.

VAE乳胶粉/碳纤维复合改性混凝土的力学性能

为探究醋酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物(VAE)乳胶粉和碳纤维对混凝土力学性能的混杂改性效果及机理,制备了1种VAE乳胶粉改性混凝土(VAEMC)、3种碳纤维改性混凝土(CFMC)和3种VAE乳胶粉/碳纤维复合改性混凝土(VAE/CFMC),测试了改性混凝土的电阻率和力学性能,并进行了扫描电镜试验和压汞试验.结果表明:VAE乳胶粉可以促进碳纤维的分散,VAE/CFMC的电阻率小于CFMC;与CFMC相比,VAE/CFMC的力学性能更佳;VAE乳胶粉与碳纤维具有“正混杂效应”,复掺VAE乳胶粉与碳纤维时,混凝土的力学性能呈现出“1+1>2”的复合增强效果;VAE乳胶粉可以优化CFMC的孔隙结构,细化其孔径,增强碳纤维/混凝土基体界面的物理结合,使碳纤维的破坏形式由拉滑破坏转变为拉断破坏.

丹江口水库特大桥多格室钢-混结合段设计

丹江口水库特大桥为主跨760 m的双塔双索面部分地锚式混合梁斜拉桥,主跨主梁采用分离式双钢箱+正交异性钢-UHPC组合桥面结构轻型组合梁,边跨主梁采用PC边主梁。组合梁与PC梁连接过渡段总长6.0 m,其中钢梁段长1.0 m,钢梁加强段长3.0 m,钢-混结合段长2.0 m。为解决钢-混结合段边箱部分截面刚度过渡剧烈、应力集中明显、格室内填充混凝土施工困难等问题,利用外腹板和风嘴箱室构造边箱多格室断面,形成“钢格室+后承压板”的结构,提高钢-混结合段边箱部分截面刚度过渡均匀性;格室内钢-混连接区域采用开孔板剪力键和剪力钉,提高结合段的抗剪强度及延性,增强整体连接的可靠性;格室内填充料采用活性粉末混凝土,并综合考虑结构性能需求和技术指标进行配合比优化,改善结合段的耐久性和施工可靠性。结构受力分析结果表明,各构件受力均满足设计要求。

玄武岩纤维活性粉末混凝土动态力学性能试验研究

为揭示玄武岩纤维活性粉末混凝土(BFRPC)的动态力学性能,针对长度分别为6 mm和12 mm的纤维,分别成型了纤维体积掺量为0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%、0.30%的玄武岩纤维活性粉末混凝土试件,并采用Φ50mm的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置进行BFRPC冲击压缩试验,获得BFRPC应力-应变曲线,研究玄武岩纤维体积掺量和冲击应变率对BFRPC动态抗压强度、临界应变、动态强度增长因子、动态弹性模量和韧性的影响。基于BFRPC动态应力-应变曲线和Z-W-T模型,建立BFRPC动态损伤本构模型。研究结果表明:玄武岩纤维的掺入能显著提高活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的抗变形和吸能能力,BFRPC的动态抗压强度等力学性能随着平均应变率的增大而近似线性增长;长度为6 mm的纤维对BFRPC抗冲击性能的提高效果更好,玄武岩纤维最优掺量为0.2%;动态损伤模型计算的应力-应变曲线与试验结果相符,适用于BFRPC抗冲击设计。研究结论为玄武岩纤维活性粉末混凝土的应用提供理论参考。

冻融循环下混杂纤维再生混凝土抗压强度预测方法

为了研究冻融循环对混杂纤维再生混凝土受压性能的影响,进行钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维再生混凝土的冻融试验,并通过单轴压缩试验研究冻融循环次数和纤维掺量对再生混凝土抗压强度的影响规律。试验结果表明:冻融次数的增加会导致再生混凝土抗压强度和弹性模量逐渐降低,加入纤维可以改善其受压性能。基于含夹杂弹性体内部应变场积分方程,推导了多相复合材料夹杂的变形协调张量,得到预测混杂纤维再生混凝土弹性性能的修正Mori-Tanaka方法,建立了耦合冻融损伤和受力损伤的总损伤表达式,进而提出冻融循环作用下混杂纤维再生混凝土抗压强度预测方法。采用所提出的抗压强度预测方法对冻融循环作用下的纤维再生混凝土受压性能进行了预测,并将预测结果与本文试验值进行对比,结果表明预测结果和试验值吻合较好,拟合优度达到98%以上。因此,所提出的抗压强度预测方法可为混杂纤维再生混凝土在冻融循环条件下的工程应用提供一定的理论依据。

Mesomechanism of steel fiber reinforcement and toughening of reactive powder concrete

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a novel cement-based composite material with ultra-high strength. Embedding a certain amount of short steel fibers in the matrix can improve the RPC’s toughness and overcome the disadvantage of high brittle- ness. In this paper, a number of direct uniaxial tension tests have been carried out with ‘8-shape’ RPC200 specimens. The bond-slip process, mesoscopic structural variation and mechanical characteristics of a fiber pullout of the matrix have been investigated using the real-time SEM loading system and CCD observation tech- niques. The influence of the volume of embedded short steel fibers in matrix on the mesoscopic morphology of attachments on the surface of a pulled individual fiber, the initial cracking force, the ultimate pullout force, interfacial bond strength and the pullout rupture energy have been analyzed. A general formulation relating these quantities to the volume of fibers in matrix has been proposed. The components comprising the interfacial bond strength have been outlined. In addition, the con- tribution that fibers make to enhance and toughen the reactive powder concrete has been discussed. It is shown that there exists an optimal threshold of fiber volume ρv, opt =1.5% at which the bond performance of a fiber pullout of RPC be- haves best.

An experimental investigation of the thermal spalling of polypropylene-fibered reactive powder concrete exposed to elevated temperatures

Polypropylene fibers are embedded to prevent reactive powder concrete （RPC） from spalling failure under high temperatures. This paper probes the influence of embedded fibers at various volumetric dosages on the thermomechanical properties of polypropylene-fibered reactive powder concrete （PPRPC） exposed to high tem- peratures up to 350 ℃ and on the spalling performance and characteristics up to 600 ℃. The thermomechanical prop- erties include the characteristic temperature for spalling, and residual strengths, such as the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural tensile strength. A high- definition charge-coupled device camera and scanning electron microscope technology were employed to capture the spalling processes and to detect the microstructural changes in the materials with various fiber dosages. To understand and characterize the mechanism by which polypropylene fibers influence the thermal spalling of RPC, a numerical model to determine the moisture migration and vapor pressure transmission during spalling was developed in this paper. It showed that there was an optimal volu- metric dosage of fibers to prevent PPRPC from explosive spalling. The relationships between the mechanical char- acteristics of PPRPC and the fiber dosages were derived based on experimental data.

混杂纤维改良活性粉末混凝土不同方式加固砌体窗间墙抗震性能试验研究

为研究混杂纤维改良活性粉末混凝土(hybrid fiber modified reactive powder concrete,简称HFMRPC)不同方式加固带构造柱砌体窗间墙的抗震性能,对4片高宽比为1∶1的带构造柱砌体窗间墙进行了水平低周反复荷载试验,其中,1片未加固墙体作为对照组,其余3片墙体分别采用HFMRPC面层单面加固、双面加固、剪刀撑式加固。对试验墙体的破坏模式、承载能力、延性变形、耗能能力等抗震性能指标进行了研究。研究结果表明:加固试件极限荷载提高了34.14%~78.91%,位移延性系数提高了37%~87%;HFMRPC单面加固和双面加固效果相差不大;对比不同方式下HFMRPC面层加固,剪刀撑式加固相对最优。

剪力墙局部混凝土置换抗震性能试验研究

为了研究剪力墙局部混凝土置换的抗震性能,设计制作了4片1∶2缩尺的剪力墙试件,分别为1片未达到设计强度剪力墙、1片原强度剪力墙和2片分别采用C50混凝土置换墙体两端、改性活性粉末混凝土(MRPC)置换墙体两端的剪力墙试件。对4片试件进行低周往复荷载试验,对比分析了各试件的破坏现象、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、耗能能力及位移延性。结果表明:置换试件的抗震承载力、耗能能力、延性、开裂荷载和峰值荷载均有显著提高。采用MRPC置换墙体两端的剪力墙试件在峰值位移和极限位移下较采用C50混凝土置换的剪力墙试件单循环耗能分别提高了36.6%、22.3%,峰值荷载提高了9.3%,MRPC中掺入的钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维增强了墙体的极限变形能力。

混杂纤维改良活性粉末混凝土不同方式加固剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为研究混杂纤维改良活性粉末混凝土(HFMRPC)不同方式加固剪力墙的抗震性能,设计了1面未加固剪力墙,3面分别通过30mm厚面层单面加固,以及15mm厚面层双面加固、25mm厚面层双面加固的剪力墙,对4面墙进行低周往复加载试验,对比分析不同加固方式下剪力墙的破坏模式,以及承载能力、延性等抗震性能指标。结果表明:HFMRPC面层与混凝土界面之间有良好的粘结性能,对剪力墙提供了有效的约束,能够提升剪力墙的变形能力与耗能能力;HFMRPC面层加固可以显著提升剪力墙的抗震承载力,三种加固方式加固后剪力墙的承载能力提升至未加固剪力墙的96.7%~105.7%;HFMRPC面层提升了剪力墙的刚度,使剪力墙在地震作用中刚度退化缓慢;综合对比分析三种加固方式对剪力墙抗震性能的提升,15mm厚面层双面加固效果最优,30mm厚面层单面加固和25mm厚面层双面加固次之。

HFMRPC加固不同高宽比砌体窗间墙抗震性能试验研究

目前广大农村地区拥有大量不符合抗震要求的砌体结构房屋,因此,针对老旧砌体结构房屋进行加固是一门值得研究的课题。为了研究混杂纤维改良活性粉末混凝土(HFMRPC)加固不同高宽比砌体窗间墙的抗震性能,对1面作为对照组的未加固砌体墙和3面不同高宽比的面层加固砌体墙进行了低周往复荷载试验。对比分析了4面墙体的破坏模式、滞回曲线和骨架曲线等抗震性能指标。试验结果表明:HFMRPC面层加固能够有效提高墙体的承载能力,峰值荷载提高约42%;HFMRPC面层对砌体窗间墙具有良好的约束作用,能够有效提升墙体的延性,延性系数提升约199%;HFMRPC面层加固后墙体耗能能力显著提升,累积耗能约提升98%;高宽比是影响墙体破坏模式的重要因素,随着高宽比的减小,砌体墙的承载能力提高,试件的破坏模式趋向于脆性破坏,相反随着高宽比的增大,砌体墙的耗能能力提高,试件趋向于延性破坏。根据试验结果进行了墙体抗剪、抗弯承载力计算分析,并提出了适用于HFMRPC面层加固的抗剪承载力计算公式,可为实际工程应用提供理论基础。

定向分布钢纤维RPC的剪切性能

为研究准静态荷载下纤维分布对活性粉末混凝土(RPC)构件受剪、受拉力学性能的影响,利用电磁场定向装置制备了定向分布钢纤维活性粉末混凝土(ASFRPC)试件,并对其进行双面直剪和劈裂抗拉试验,结合图像分析法研究了纤维方向、纤维长径比对钢纤维活性粉末混凝土(SFRPC)试件受剪、受拉力学性能的影响.结果表明:相同条件下ASFRPC试件的抗剪强度、峰值剪切变形和剪切韧性相比于SFRPC试件均有了显著的提高,表现出更高的抗剪、抗拉性能.

煤矸石活性粉末混凝土多因素正交试验研究

在利用煤矸石砂代替骨料制备经济型活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的试验研究的基础上,选择水泥/粉煤灰、水泥/硅灰、集胶比和纤维掺量4个影响因素,每个因素取3个水平,开展多因素重复正交试验,通过分析各指标实验结果而优选出了符合条件的配比水平。并得出以下主要结论:(1)煤矸石作为RPC骨料的性能较差,表现在较大的集胶比下,煤矸石RPC流动性能与力学性能较差;(2)水泥∶粉煤灰∶硅灰为3∶2∶1的胶材配合比有着较好水化反应效果和较稳定的胶结性能;(3)聚丙烯纤维聚丙烯纤维表面光滑,延展性较差,起到的抗拉作用有限,在煤矸石RPC中的应用效果不理想。后续需对煤矸石砂改性及不同纤维的增强作用机理进行深入研究。

HFMRPC面层加固带窗洞口砌体墙抗震性能试验研究

为了研究混杂纤维改良活性粉末混凝土(HFMRPC)不同方式加固构造柱约束带窗洞口砌体墙的抗震性能,对1面作为对照组的未加固带窗洞口的砌体墙和3面分别通过单面加固、双面加固和双面窗间墙加固的砌体墙进行低周往复荷载试验。分析对比了构造柱约束带窗洞口砌体墙的破坏模式、承载能力和位移延性等抗震性能。试验结果表明:HFMRPC面层与砌体墙有良好的粘结能力,通过面层加固后能提升墙体的整体性并且形成有效约束;HFMRPC面层加固后显著提升了砌体墙的承载能力、能量耗散,延缓了墙体的开裂和刚度退化;通过试验结果和理论分析提出了构造柱约束的带窗洞口砌体墙的抗剪承载力计算公式。

Investigation on thermophysical properties of reactive powder concrete

The thermophysical properties,such as thermal conductivity,thermal diffusivity,specific heat capacity and linear thermal expansion of reactive powder concrete(RPC) with different steel fiber volumetric fractions are investigated by means of high temperature tests. The thermophysical characteristics of RPC with different fiber volumes under different temperatures are analyzed and compared with those of the common high-strength concrete and high-performance concrete. The empirical relationships of thermophysical properties with temperature and fiber volume are identified. By the heat transfer and solid physics methods,the microscopic physical mechanism of heat transfer process and heat conduction properties of RPC are investigated,and the theoretical formulas of specific heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient are derived,respectively. The effects of temperature and steel fibers on the specific heat capacity and the thermal expansion coefficient are quantitatively analyzed and the discriminant conditions are provided. It is shown that the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical prediction.

路面工程活性粉末混凝土性能影响因素研究

活性粉末混凝土(RPC)是一种路面工程新型的超高性能混凝土。影响RPC力学性能的因素很多,本文研究了固化温度和钢纤维种类对材料强度的影响。研究了固化温度和钢纤维种类对材料强度的影响。研究结果表明,在一定范围内,RPC的强度随固化温度的升高而增加,当固化温度为90℃时可达到最大强度。在实际工程中,最佳养护温度为75℃。研究表明,掺入细钢纤维可以优化其力学性能。